Uso del escobajo como sustrato para el crecimiento de hongos de la pudrición blanca, la producció... more Uso del escobajo como sustrato para el crecimiento de hongos de la pudrición blanca, la producción de enzimas ligninolíticas y la decoloración de tinturas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el potencial del escobajo, un residuo agroindustrial, como sustrato para el crecimiento y la producción de enzimas lignocelulósicas de tres hongos causantes de pudrición blanca en la madera: Trametes trogii, Stereum hirsutum y Coriolus antarcticus. Para ello se utilizaron técnicas de fermentación en estado sólido. También se ensayó la decoloración de colorantes industriales sobre estos cultivos. La pérdida de peso seco del sustrato fue similar después del día 60 (33-43 %). C. antarcticus produjo las mayores actividades lacasa y Mn-peroxidasa (33,0 y 1,6 U/g peso seco). La mayor actividad endoglucanasa fue medida en cultivos de S. hirsutum (10,4 U/g), y la mayor actividad endoxilanasa en T. trogii (14,6 U/g). El sistema C. antarcticus/escobajo mostró un importante potencial para su aplicación en la biorremediación de efluentes textiles, con porcentajes de decoloración de 93, 86, 82, 82, 77 y 58 % para índigo carmín, verde de malaquita, azure B, azul R brillante de remazol, cristal violeta y xilidina, respectivamente, en 5 h.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of grape stalks, an agroindustrial waste, for ... more The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of grape stalks, an agroindustrial waste, for growth and lignocellulolytic enzyme production via solid-state fermentation, using the following three white rot fungi: Trametes trogii, Stereum hirsutum and Coriolus antarcticus. The decolorization of several dyes by the above mentioned cultures was also investigated. Similar values of dry weight loss of the substrate were measured after 60 days (33-43 %). C. antarcticus produced the highest laccase and Mn-peroxldase activities (33.0 and 1.6 U/g dry solid). The maximum endoglucanase production was measured in S. hirsutum cultures (10.4 U/g), while the endoxylanase peak corresponded to T. trogii (14.6 U/g). The C. antarcticus/grape stalk system seems potentially competitive in bioremediation of textile processing effluents, attaining percentages of decolorization of 93, 86, 82, 82, 77, and 58 % for indigo carmine, malachite green, azure B, remazol brilliant blue R, crystal violet and xyl...
The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of grape stalks, an agroindustrial waste, for ... more The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of grape stalks, an agroindustrial waste, for growth and lignocellulolytic enzyme production via solid-state fermentation, using the following three white rot fungi: Trametes trogii, Stereum hirsutum and Coriolus antarcticus. The decolorization of several dyes by the above mentioned cultures was also investigated. Similar values of dry weight loss of the substrate were measured after 60 days (33-43 %). C. antarcticus produced the highest laccase and Mn-peroxidase activities (33.0 and 1.6 U/g dry solid). The maximum endoglucanase production was measured in S. hirsutum cultures (10.4 U/g), while the endoxylanase peak corresponded to T. trogii (14.6 U/g). The C. antarcticus/grape stalk system seems potentially competitive in bioremediation of textile processing effluents, attaining percentages of decolorization of 93, 86, 82, 82, 77, and 58% for indigo carmine, malachite green, azure B, remazol brilliant blue R, crystal violet and xyli...
Stereum hirsutum, a white rot fungus, has a good growth in solid state fermentation. This was car... more Stereum hirsutum, a white rot fungus, has a good growth in solid state fermentation. This was carried on with wheat bran, soy bran and a mixture of both. Mycelia grown on soy bran showed the highest decolorization activity on Ponceau 2R (xylidine), indigo carmine and malachite green. Optimal relationship between decolorization and detoxification of malachite green was 30 g of fresh weight (mycelia plus substrate) in 500 ml malachite green solution, 42 U/l of laccase was measured in this solution. Decolorization was carried on without the addition either of nutrients or mediators. Conditions for maximal decolorization did not agree with those for maximal ligninolytic enzyme production, but effectiveness of laccase activity on decolorization was evidenced by electrophoretic analysis, that allowed laccase identification and its decolorization activity in gels stained with indigo carmine and malachite green, with ABTS as mediator. Detoxification was assayed using the sensible fungus Pha...
Decolorization of 100 microM malachite green (MG) by Coriolus versicolor f. antarcticus using a t... more Decolorization of 100 microM malachite green (MG) by Coriolus versicolor f. antarcticus using a two-phase bioreactor, was investigated. In the first phase the decolorization ability of this fungus, growing under conditions of solid-state fermentation (SSF), was proved; in the second phase the capacity of the enzymes present in extracts from the solid residues was exploited. During the first phase using the same culture in the bioreactor, five consecutive charges were made, each with 75 ml of 100 microM MG solution, at 28 degrees C. Each cycle ended when MG solution reached a decolorization of 50%, at this time the bioreactor was discharged to a stainless steel coil at 50 degrees C, initiating the second phase of decolorization. Time required in order to reach 50% decolorization during the first phase varied between 25 and 65 min, with an average retention time of 48 min. The second stage had a retention time of 120 min. Residual MG after this phase varied from 0% to 6.3%. The role of laccase and Mn-peroxidase in MG decolorization is discussed. Toxicity of MG solutions before and after decolorization treatments was assayed using Lumbriculus variegatus as test organism.
International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2009
ABSTRACT A solid standard fermentation (SSF) with the fungus Phanerochaete sordida in a medium wi... more ABSTRACT A solid standard fermentation (SSF) with the fungus Phanerochaete sordida in a medium with Nephrolepis cordifolia (entire pinnae separated from the rachis) and Laurus nobilis (fragmented leaves) was performed over 92 days to study the degradation of leaves with histological, chemical, and enzymatic methods. The fungus entered the leaves early, through the stomata in N. cordifolia and L. nobilis, and also through mechanical cuts that had been made in the latter. The initial attack affected the mesophyll in both plant species, and the phloem in L. nobilis. The vascular bundle of N. cordifolia was protected by a sheath of cells with thick lignified walls. The collenchyma cell walls situated near the principal vein in L. nobilis swelled during the initial stages of enzymatic action, but reduced their thickness afterwards, mainly in regions of contact with the hyphae. At the end of the experiment, no species had leaves with mesophyll. In L. nobilis, phloem was also lacking, and a partial and heterogeneous attack on the xylem became evident. The histological changes are compared with the enzymatic activities and the chemical composition of the culture media, describing the stages of fungal colonization.
Uso del escobajo como sustrato para el crecimiento de hongos de la pudrición blanca, la producció... more Uso del escobajo como sustrato para el crecimiento de hongos de la pudrición blanca, la producción de enzimas ligninolíticas y la decoloración de tinturas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el potencial del escobajo, un residuo agroindustrial, como sustrato para el crecimiento y la producción de enzimas lignocelulósicas de tres hongos causantes de pudrición blanca en la madera: Trametes trogii, Stereum hirsutum y Coriolus antarcticus. Para ello se utilizaron técnicas de fermentación en estado sólido. También se ensayó la decoloración de colorantes industriales sobre estos cultivos. La pérdida de peso seco del sustrato fue similar después del día 60 (33-43 %). C. antarcticus produjo las mayores actividades lacasa y Mn-peroxidasa (33,0 y 1,6 U/g peso seco). La mayor actividad endoglucanasa fue medida en cultivos de S. hirsutum (10,4 U/g), y la mayor actividad endoxilanasa en T. trogii (14,6 U/g). El sistema C. antarcticus/escobajo mostró un importante potencial para su aplicación en la biorremediación de efluentes textiles, con porcentajes de decoloración de 93, 86, 82, 82, 77 y 58 % para índigo carmín, verde de malaquita, azure B, azul R brillante de remazol, cristal violeta y xilidina, respectivamente, en 5 h.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of grape stalks, an agroindustrial waste, for ... more The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of grape stalks, an agroindustrial waste, for growth and lignocellulolytic enzyme production via solid-state fermentation, using the following three white rot fungi: Trametes trogii, Stereum hirsutum and Coriolus antarcticus. The decolorization of several dyes by the above mentioned cultures was also investigated. Similar values of dry weight loss of the substrate were measured after 60 days (33-43 %). C. antarcticus produced the highest laccase and Mn-peroxldase activities (33.0 and 1.6 U/g dry solid). The maximum endoglucanase production was measured in S. hirsutum cultures (10.4 U/g), while the endoxylanase peak corresponded to T. trogii (14.6 U/g). The C. antarcticus/grape stalk system seems potentially competitive in bioremediation of textile processing effluents, attaining percentages of decolorization of 93, 86, 82, 82, 77, and 58 % for indigo carmine, malachite green, azure B, remazol brilliant blue R, crystal violet and xyl...
The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of grape stalks, an agroindustrial waste, for ... more The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of grape stalks, an agroindustrial waste, for growth and lignocellulolytic enzyme production via solid-state fermentation, using the following three white rot fungi: Trametes trogii, Stereum hirsutum and Coriolus antarcticus. The decolorization of several dyes by the above mentioned cultures was also investigated. Similar values of dry weight loss of the substrate were measured after 60 days (33-43 %). C. antarcticus produced the highest laccase and Mn-peroxidase activities (33.0 and 1.6 U/g dry solid). The maximum endoglucanase production was measured in S. hirsutum cultures (10.4 U/g), while the endoxylanase peak corresponded to T. trogii (14.6 U/g). The C. antarcticus/grape stalk system seems potentially competitive in bioremediation of textile processing effluents, attaining percentages of decolorization of 93, 86, 82, 82, 77, and 58% for indigo carmine, malachite green, azure B, remazol brilliant blue R, crystal violet and xyli...
Stereum hirsutum, a white rot fungus, has a good growth in solid state fermentation. This was car... more Stereum hirsutum, a white rot fungus, has a good growth in solid state fermentation. This was carried on with wheat bran, soy bran and a mixture of both. Mycelia grown on soy bran showed the highest decolorization activity on Ponceau 2R (xylidine), indigo carmine and malachite green. Optimal relationship between decolorization and detoxification of malachite green was 30 g of fresh weight (mycelia plus substrate) in 500 ml malachite green solution, 42 U/l of laccase was measured in this solution. Decolorization was carried on without the addition either of nutrients or mediators. Conditions for maximal decolorization did not agree with those for maximal ligninolytic enzyme production, but effectiveness of laccase activity on decolorization was evidenced by electrophoretic analysis, that allowed laccase identification and its decolorization activity in gels stained with indigo carmine and malachite green, with ABTS as mediator. Detoxification was assayed using the sensible fungus Pha...
Decolorization of 100 microM malachite green (MG) by Coriolus versicolor f. antarcticus using a t... more Decolorization of 100 microM malachite green (MG) by Coriolus versicolor f. antarcticus using a two-phase bioreactor, was investigated. In the first phase the decolorization ability of this fungus, growing under conditions of solid-state fermentation (SSF), was proved; in the second phase the capacity of the enzymes present in extracts from the solid residues was exploited. During the first phase using the same culture in the bioreactor, five consecutive charges were made, each with 75 ml of 100 microM MG solution, at 28 degrees C. Each cycle ended when MG solution reached a decolorization of 50%, at this time the bioreactor was discharged to a stainless steel coil at 50 degrees C, initiating the second phase of decolorization. Time required in order to reach 50% decolorization during the first phase varied between 25 and 65 min, with an average retention time of 48 min. The second stage had a retention time of 120 min. Residual MG after this phase varied from 0% to 6.3%. The role of laccase and Mn-peroxidase in MG decolorization is discussed. Toxicity of MG solutions before and after decolorization treatments was assayed using Lumbriculus variegatus as test organism.
International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2009
ABSTRACT A solid standard fermentation (SSF) with the fungus Phanerochaete sordida in a medium wi... more ABSTRACT A solid standard fermentation (SSF) with the fungus Phanerochaete sordida in a medium with Nephrolepis cordifolia (entire pinnae separated from the rachis) and Laurus nobilis (fragmented leaves) was performed over 92 days to study the degradation of leaves with histological, chemical, and enzymatic methods. The fungus entered the leaves early, through the stomata in N. cordifolia and L. nobilis, and also through mechanical cuts that had been made in the latter. The initial attack affected the mesophyll in both plant species, and the phloem in L. nobilis. The vascular bundle of N. cordifolia was protected by a sheath of cells with thick lignified walls. The collenchyma cell walls situated near the principal vein in L. nobilis swelled during the initial stages of enzymatic action, but reduced their thickness afterwards, mainly in regions of contact with the hyphae. At the end of the experiment, no species had leaves with mesophyll. In L. nobilis, phloem was also lacking, and a partial and heterogeneous attack on the xylem became evident. The histological changes are compared with the enzymatic activities and the chemical composition of the culture media, describing the stages of fungal colonization.
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