Papers by Adriana Gulisano
Surface observations in Antarctica have always been challenging but cloud observations are partic... more Surface observations in Antarctica have always been challenging but cloud observations are particularly scarce due to the lack of observers and instruments and the strict limitation caused by the polar night. This work aims at testing and finding methods that can fill the gap of information on cloud cover, based on solar or terrestrial broadband radiation measurements. In particular, the results from Long et al.[1] method, exploiting solar radiation measurements, and Dürr and Philipona[2] APCADA algorithm and Town et al.[3] methods, both based on terrestrial radiation measurements, will be shown. The methods are chosen to make use of shortwave and longwave radiation components, specially the latter because it can yield information throughout the year and not only during months of daylight, as methods based on shortwave radiation do. Studied data sets are from different coastal sites: Marambio (64°14’50’’S - 56°37’39’’W), Professor Julio Escudero (62°12’57’’S - 58°57’35’’W) and Jang ...
<p>Observations at the surface in Antarctica have always been challenging, but clou... more <p>Observations at the surface in Antarctica have always been challenging, but cloud observations are particularly scarce due to different factors, among which the polar night and lack of instruments and observers. One way to obtain information on cloud cover, and fill the gap, is through broadband radiation measurements thanks to methods based on the effect that clouds have on solar and terrestrial radiation. In this work three different algorithms have been studied and implemented: i) Long et al.[1] method, which exploits global and diffuse shortwave radiation components; ii) Kasten and Czeplak[2], based on global shortwave component alone; iii) APCADA[3] algorithm, which requires longwave downward radiation measurements and meteorological variables data, and is specially chosen as it yields results also at (polar) night. Different methods were selected to adapt to the data available at each site and to cross-check the results. The algorithms are tested on common-time data sets from three different stations: Marambio (64°14’50’’S - 56°37’39’’W), where upward and downward components for shortwave and longwave radiation are measured along with diffuse shortwave radiation; Professor Julio Escudero (62°12’57’’S - 58°57’35’’W) where downward shortwave and longwave radiation data are available; and Concordia (75°05’59’’S - 123°19’57’’E) where data on all components of both solar and terrestrial radiation are collected. Before any computation, data quality control is executed following tests[4] recommended by the Baseline Surface Radiation Network[5], showing good quality for all three data sets. Sky conditions depend on the location of the stations: Marambio and Escudero are coastal sites located on islands on opposite sides of the Antarctic Peninsula where cloudy skies are expected to occur, while Concordia is situated on the East Antarctic Plateau where the sky should be clearer. Such expectations are confirmed by the preliminary results obtained from the tested algorithms, indicating that clouds occur very often with almost scarce clear sky periods at the coastal stations. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Bibliography<br /></strong>[1] Long C. N., Ackerman T. P., Gaustad K. L., and Cole J. N. S. (2006): “Estimation of fractional sky cover from broadband shortwave radiometer measurements”, J. Geophys. Res. 111, doi: 10.1029/2005JD006475<br />[2] Dürr B. and Philipona R. (2004): “Automatic cloud amount detection by surface longwave downward radiation measurements”, J. Geophys. Res. 109, doi: 10.1029/2003JD004182<br />[3] Kasten F., Czeplak G. (1980): “Solar and terrestrial radiation dependent on the amount and type of cloud”, Solar Energy 24, doi: 10.1016/0038-092X(80)90391-6<br />[4] Long and Shi (2008): “An automated quality assessment and control algorithm for surface radiation measurements”, Open Atm. Science J. 2, doi: 10.2174/1874282300802010023<strong><br /></strong>[5] https://bsrn.awi.de/</p>
Earth Sciences Research Journal
Authors have calculated the H/V spectral ratios using seismic-noise recordings in the uppermost l... more Authors have calculated the H/V spectral ratios using seismic-noise recordings in the uppermost layers north of the Seymour-Marambio Island, Antarctic. Sixty-seven seismic site-response measurements near and far from the Argentinean Marambio Base runway suggest geotechnical works on the uppermost sedimentary layers due to maintenance, landing, and taxi of large loads and aircraft during decades could contribute to changes in their seismic dynamic response. Two horizontal images of Vp, Vs, and Vp/ Vs ratios at 1.0 m and 35.0 m depth show lateral variations in the permafrost properties. Authors interpret that permafrost is emplaced in rocks with different porosities and contrasting fluids saturation at those depths. In shallow strata, the saturation of gases affects mainly the elastic properties. In deeper strata, where the location of water reservoirs is detected, the primary mechanism of seismic dissipation is anelastic.
<p>In the past years different methods have been developed to infer cloud cover fro... more <p>In the past years different methods have been developed to infer cloud cover from radiation data. Since surface cloud observations are scarce in Antarctica but broadband radiation instruments are more common and widespread, such methods could be very useful to reconstruct information whenever and wherever radiation measurements are available. The present work is centred on data from Marambio (64°14’50.6’’S - 56°37’39.3’’W) and Professor Julio Escudero (62°12’57’’S - 58°57’35’’W) stations, which are situated on opposite sides of the Antarctic Peninsula, respectively on Seymour and King George islands. At Marambio, from July 2019, a SPN1 (DeltaT Devices) sunshine pyranometer provides global shortwave and diffuse radiation data, and a NR01 (Hukseflux) net radiometer measures, for both shortwave and longwave radiation, the upward and downward components. At Escudero, both shortwave and longwave downward radiation observations are made, respectively, by a SMP21/22 pyranometer (from December 2016) and a SGR4 pyrgeometer (from December 2017), both by Kipp&Zonen, although with some interruptions in winter. Quality check of the data sets is made, when possible, applying the tests recommended by the Baseline Surface Radiation Network, even if the stations are not part of it. The control procedure shows a good quality of the measurements: generally, and for most variables, over 99% of the data pass the physically possible and extremely rare limits tests. At Marambio, in the worst case, 6% of the data fail the tests, whereas for Escudero only 2%. A first analysis of the radiation data does not show unusual results but it is noteworthy that, despite the lower solar elevation angles, irradiance is comparable to that of mid-latitudes, thanks to the greater transparency of the atmosphere in the Antarctic region. To infer cloud cover and estimate its effect on radiation measurements, two methods are chosen, each exploiting a particular broadband radiation component. The first is the Long et al.[1] method, which exploits measured shortwave downward and diffuse radiation components; the second is APCADA[2], based on longwave downward radiation measurements. Alongside them, meteorological parameters are also required and they are provided by the respective national meteorological services. As both sites are located in the peninsula, frequent cloudy sky conditions are expected from the results, which will depend on the performance of the methods in a peculiar environment such as Antarctica, different for solar elevation, humidity and surface cover from where the methods were developed and mainly tested.</p><p><strong>Bibliography<br></strong>[1] Long C. N.,  Ackerman T. P., Gaustad K. L., and Cole J. N. S. (2006): Estimation of fractional sky cover from broadband shortwave radiometer measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 111, doi: 10.1029/2005JD006475<br>[2] Dürr B. and Philipona R. (2004): Automatic cloud amount detection by surface longwave downward radiation measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 109, doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004182</p>
Advances in Space Research
A new water-Cherenkov radiation detector, located at the Argentine Marambio Antarctic Base (64.24... more A new water-Cherenkov radiation detector, located at the Argentine Marambio Antarctic Base (64.24S-56.62W), has been monitoring the variability of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) flux since 2019. One of the main aims is to provide experimental data necessary to study interplanetary transport of GCRs during transient events at different space/time scales. In this paper we present the detector and analyze observations made during one full year. After the analysis and correction of the GCR flux variability due to the atmospheric conditions (pressure and temperature), a study of the periodicities is performed in order to analyze modulations due to heliospheric phenomena. We can observe two periods: (a) 1 day, associated with the Earth's rotation combined with the spatial anisotropy of the GCR flux; and (b) ∼ 30 days due to solar impact of stable solar structures combined with the rotation of the Sun. From a superposed epoch analysis, and considering the geomagnetic effects, the mean diurnal amplitude is ∼ 0.08% and the maximum flux is observed in ∼ 15 hr local time (LT) direction in the interplanetary space. In such a way, we determine the capability of Neurus to observe anisotropies and other interplanetary modulations on the GCR flux arriving at the Earth.
Applied Sciences
We applied multi–temporal 1D magnetotelluric (MT) surveys to identify space–time anomalies of app... more We applied multi–temporal 1D magnetotelluric (MT) surveys to identify space–time anomalies of apparent resistivity (ρa) in the upper lithosphere in the Antarctic Peninsula (the border between the Antarctic and the Shetland plates). We used time series over several weeks of the natural Earth’s electric and magnetic fields registered at one MT station of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia (RSUNAL) located at Seymour–Marambio Island, Antarctica. We associated resistivity anomalies with contrasting earthquake activity. Anomalies of ρa were detected almost simultaneously with the beginning of a seismic crisis in the Bransfield Strait, south of King George Island (approximately 85.000 events were reported close to the Orca submarine volcano, with focal depths < 20 km and MWW < 6.9). We explained the origin of these anomalies in response to fluid migration near the place of the fractures linked with the seismic swarm, which could promote disturbances of the pore pressure field that...
The Antarctic Peninsula (AP) experienced a new extreme warm event and record high surface melt in... more The Antarctic Peninsula (AP) experienced a new extreme warm event and record high surface melt in February 2022, rivaling the recent temperature records from 2015 and 2020, and contributing to an alarming series of extreme warm events there. The northern/northwestern AP was directly impacted by an intense atmospheric river (AR) bringing anomalous heat and rainfall, while AR-enhanced foehn effect further warmed its northeastern side. The event was triggered by multiple large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns linking the AR formation to tropical convection anomalies and stationary Rossby waves, with anomalous Amundsen Sea low and record-breaking blocking high. The cascade of impacts culminated in widespread and intensive surface melt across the AP. The event was statistically attributed to global warming. Increasing frequency of such events can undermine the stability of the AP ice shelves, with multiple local to global impacts, including acceleration of the AP ice mass loss and ...
Estimation of the bias of the minimum variance technique in the determination of magnetic clouds
The geographic location and atmospheric characteristics of the Antarctic continent allow for uniq... more The geographic location and atmospheric characteristics of the Antarctic continent allow for unique observations of our universe, of our upper atmosphere and of near Earth space. This session will cover unique astronomical results made from all Antarctic locations covering topics that include the study of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, High-energy particle detection, optical and infrared observations of stars and exoplanets. This session will also cover the topic of space weather monitoring, mitigation and forecasting. We invite contributions from all sciences involving observations of the Antarctic sky ranging from the upper atmosphere and near earth space, to the edge of the universe. invites and tropics longer timescales modelling data-model teleconnections, present, The polar climate and sea ice over the polar regions play a significant role in the global climate system and affect the lower latitudes through the teleconnections associated with the various ocean- atmo...
Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021), 2021
Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Departamento ... more Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos (DCAO) Pabellón 2 Intendente Güiraldes 2160 Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE) Intendente Güiraldes 2160 Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Departamento de Física (DF) Pabellón 1 Intendente Güiraldes 2160 Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Instituto Antártico Argentino, Dirección Nacional del Antártico 25 de mayo 1143, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (ITeDA, CNEA/CONICET/UNSAM) Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Av. General Paz 1499, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 5 Laboratorio de Acústica y Electroacústica (LACEAC), Departamento de Electrónic...
Czech Polar Reports, 2021
A new permanent geophysical station was installed in the Seymour-Marambio Island, Antarctica, for... more A new permanent geophysical station was installed in the Seymour-Marambio Island, Antarctica, for monitoring electromagnetic, CO2, and CH4 gas signals. Those signals require specialized low noise instruments and the survey shall be carried out in places far away from cultural noise, such as populated human settlements. The most suitable place would be near the Earth's poles, where noise is the lowest possible. To measure these variables, the Geophysical Instrumentation Laboratory (Laboratorio de Instrumentación Geofísica - LIG) of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, in a partnership with the Instituto Antártico Argentino (IAA) under the Argentinean National Antarctic Direction (Dirección Nacional del Antártico - DNA), deployed the COCOAonMEAT project, oriented to design, built and install a low-cost station with time synchronization via GPS and data transmission in almost real-time. Since January 2020, the project monitors continuously (24/7) seven variables: three magnetic co...
1 P Astronomy and geo-space observations from Antarctica The geographic location and atmospheric ... more 1 P Astronomy and geo-space observations from Antarctica The geographic location and atmospheric characteristics of the Antarctic continent allow for unique observations of our universe, of our upper atmosphere and of near Earth space. This session will cover unique astronomical results made from all Antarctic locations covering topics that include the study of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, High-energy particle detection, optical and infrared observations of stars and exoplanets. This session will also cover the topic of space weather monitoring, mitigation and forecasting. We invite contributions from all sciences involving observations of the Antarctic sky ranging from the upper atmosphere and near earth space, to the edge of the universe. Tony Travouillon Lucilla Alfonsi, Adriana Gulisano, Jennifer Cooper
Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021), 2021
Annales Geophysicae, 2017
The ionospheric response at middle and high latitudes in the Antarctica American and Australian s... more The ionospheric response at middle and high latitudes in the Antarctica American and Australian sectors to the 26-27 September 2011 moderately intense geomagnetic storm was investigated using instruments including an ionosonde, riometer, and GNSS receivers. The multiinstrument observations permitted us to characterize the ionospheric storm-enhanced density (SED) and tongues of ionization (TOIs) as a function of storm time and location, considering the effect of prompt penetration electric fields (PPEFs). During the main phase of the geomagnetic storm, dayside SEDs were observed at middle latitudes, and in the nightside only density depletions were observed from middle to high latitudes. Both the increase and decrease in ionospheric density at middle latitudes can be attributed to a combination of processes, including the PPEF effect just after the storm onset, dominated by disturbance dynamo processes during the evolution of the main phase. Two SEDs-TOIs were identified in the Southern Hemisphere, but only the first episode had a counterpart in the Northern Hemisphere. This difference can be explained by the interhemispheric asymmetry caused by the high-latitude coupling between solar wind and the magnetosphere, which drives the dawn-to-dusk component of the interplanetary magnetic field. The formation of polar TOI is a function of the SED plume location that might be near the dayside cusp from which it can enter the polar cap, which was the case in the Southern Hemisphere. Strong GNSS scintillations were observed at stations collocated with SED plumes at middle latitudes and cusp on the dayside and at polar cap TOIs on the nightside.
Jean-Pierre Lassalle interroge ici le choix de Ducasse de rapprocher la colonne Vendôme et le Pan... more Jean-Pierre Lassalle interroge ici le choix de Ducasse de rapprocher la colonne Vendôme et le Panthéon dans son oeuvre. Il cite les travaux de François Caradec et d'Alain Jouffroy. Ce dernier compare l'itinéraire de la dépouille de Michel Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau, homme politique assassiné en 1793, avec celui de Mervyn, constatant qu'ils semblent avoir suivi un trajet analogue. Ducasse aurait pu lire ce récit dans La Démagogie en 1793 à Paris, de Charles-Aimé Dauban, publié en 1868.
Czech Polar Reports, 2021
A new permanent geophysical station was installed in the Seymour-Marambio Island, Antarctica, for... more A new permanent geophysical station was installed in the Seymour-Marambio Island, Antarctica, for monitoring electromagnetic, CO2, and CH4 gas signals. Those signals require specialized low noise instruments and the survey shall be carried out in places far away from cultural noise, such as populated human settlements. The most suitable place would be near the Earth's poles, where noise is the lowest possible. To measure these variables, the Geophysical Instrumentation Laboratory (Laboratorio de Instrumentación Geofísica - LIG) of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, in a partnership with the Instituto Antártico Argentino (IAA) under the Argentinean National Antarctic Direction (Dirección Nacional del Antártico - DNA), deployed the COCOAonMEAT project, oriented to design, built and install a low-cost station with time synchronization via GPS and data transmission in almost real-time. Since January 2020, the project monitors continuously (24/7) seven variables: three magnetic co...
1 P Astronomy and geo-space observations from Antarctica The geographic location and atmospheric ... more 1 P Astronomy and geo-space observations from Antarctica The geographic location and atmospheric characteristics of the Antarctic continent allow for unique observations of our universe, of our upper atmosphere and of near Earth space. This session will cover unique astronomical results made from all Antarctic locations covering topics that include the study of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, High-energy particle detection, optical and infrared observations of stars and exoplanets. This session will also cover the topic of space weather monitoring, mitigation and forecasting. We invite contributions from all sciences involving observations of the Antarctic sky ranging from the upper atmosphere and near earth space, to the edge of the universe. Tony Travouillon Lucilla Alfonsi, Adriana Gulisano, Jennifer Cooper
Jean-Pierre Lassalle interroge ici le choix de Ducasse de rapprocher la colonne Vendôme et le Pan... more Jean-Pierre Lassalle interroge ici le choix de Ducasse de rapprocher la colonne Vendôme et le Panthéon dans son oeuvre. Il cite les travaux de François Caradec et d'Alain Jouffroy. Ce dernier compare l'itinéraire de la dépouille de Michel Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau, homme politique assassiné en 1793, avec celui de Mervyn, constatant qu'ils semblent avoir suivi un trajet analogue. Ducasse aurait pu lire ce récit dans La Démagogie en 1793 à Paris, de Charles-Aimé Dauban, publié en 1868.
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2005
We select a set of 20 magnetic clouds (MCs) observed by the spacecraft Wind and reconstruct their... more We select a set of 20 magnetic clouds (MCs) observed by the spacecraft Wind and reconstruct their local magnetic structure from in situ observations under different models. In particular, we quantify their relative magnetic helicity per unit length (H r /L) under the assumption of a cylindrical geometry. We investigate how model-dependent are the results using four models (two force-free and two non-force-free) with a significantly different twist distribution in their magnetic field: (a) a linear force-free field, (b) a uniformly twisted field, (c) a non-force-free field with constant current (J) and (d) a non-force-free field with an azimuthal component of J depending linearly on the radius and with a constant axial component of J. We find that the dispersion of the mean H r /L for the 20 MCs is one order of magnitude larger than the dispersion of the H r /L value using different models for a given event. In this sense, magnetic helicity per unit length is a well-determined magnitude considering these four models.
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Papers by Adriana Gulisano