Computer Science And Computer Engineering

When consumers purchase expensive products, they want to receive a reliable information about products. So, the manufacturer of the expensive products made the anticounterfeiting devices, which can be used to prevent the forgery. But, this anti-counterfeiting device was a forgery. So consumers distrust genuine transactions. Therefore, in this paper, we attempt to apply the pedigree in RFID applications. The pedigree is the business information about the sale of the product. The pharmaceutical distributions in the U.S. bring use into the pedigree. The Pedigree of the RFID application is used to prevent counterfeit of the expensive items. For this purpose, this paper proposes the Pedigree System. This System offers Pedigree Library API, which can be used to create the pedigree. So it is easy to expand the EPCIS for the pedigree. And the Pedigree Service can be used publicly in every distribution. So each EPCIS is easy to expand for pedigree using.

— Recently sensor technology has drawn greater attention in ubiquitous computing by deploying huge amount of sensor tags in supply chain, harbor logistics, healthcare management etc. Sensor tags are capable to provide the sensing information of the product and item with its identification at the same time. The dual data generated from a sensor tag is RFID data and Sensing data. RFID Readers are used to read RFID-Sensing (RFID and Sensing) information from the sensor tag. Therefore, a dual data processing system is required to manipulate and process all the tag data from the sensor tag. In this paper, we introduce a sensor integrated RFID middleware system for ubiquitous computing. It is an efficient system capable to process dual data (Sensor data and RFID data) stored in the tag memory.

— The EPCglobal has defined the standard for sharing the tagged product information among the enterprises, which are mainly the product level information rather than event level information. Now the EPCglobal aims at provide visibility in supply chains by enabling interested parties to query item-level data. Item level data are distributed to several EPCIS (EPC Information Service) in the supply chain. The ONS (Object Name Service) and EPCDS (EPC Discovery Service) are used to trace the product movement through the supply chain. The ONS lookup service can only provide the manufacturer level information. So EPCDS is introduced to the EPCglobal Network. But there is no standard to trace the product using EPCDS. In the supply chain a lots of products need to handle. So there need a huge processing of data for tracing the products. That's why any kind of centralized server cannot afford to give a good performance in tracing the billions of products in the supply chain. In this paper we have designed different distributed architecture and proposed an appropriate one to enable tracing of huge amount of products in the EPCglobal network.

Weed infestation is a common problem in agriculture that adversely affects crop production. Given severe constraints on the budget of many land-grant universities due to the economic downturn, outreach services have taken a hit. To adapt to current economic climate without adversely affecting the quality of outreach program for weed management, we present a hierarchical system that uses image captured by smartphone, a backend image processing algorithm, and two levels of crowdsourcing approaches to identify weed images. The first of the two crowdsourcing levels consist of non-expert crowd contributed by Amazon Mechanical Turk and the second level consisting of expert crowd comprising of county extension agents. A probabilistic decision engine was used, in an unsupervised manner, to determine the suitability of two levels of crowdsourcing approaches for identifying the weed image. The designed system was found to have low latency with high accuracy for identifying weed from captured images. The designed system accurately identified test weed within 3 hours of its submission using minimal human intervention. The system has shown good potential to support weed management related outreach programs in land-grant universities.

Weed infestation is a common problem in agriculture that adversely affects crop production. Given severe constraints on the budget of many land-grant universities due to the economic downturn, extension services or agencies responsible for educating farmers and assisting them with the application of advancements in agricultural research, have taken a hit. To adapt to the current economic climate without adversely affecting the quality of programs for weed management, we present a hierarchical system that uses images captured using a smartphone application, a backend image processing algorithm, and two levels of crowdsourcing to identify weed images. The first of the two crowdsourcing levels consist of a non-expert crowd contributed by Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) and the second level consists of a crowd composed of experts such as county extension agents. We present a probabilistic decision engine to determine the suitability of two levels of crowdsourcing for identifying the weed image. We have evaluated the designed system using test weed images and we show that 80% of the weeds in our test set can be identified using the low cost AMT crowd while incurring a maximum latency of 3 h. Our system can help reduce the loses caused by the delay in identifying weeds, and hence, lead to quick remedial control practices applied to contain weed infestations.

We investigate the state change behavior of one-dimensional cellular automata during the solution of the binary density-classification task. Update rules of high, low and unknown fitness are applied to cellular automata, thereby providing examples of high and low rates of successful classification. A spread factor, ω, is introduced and investigated as a numerical marker of state change behavior. The nature of ω describes complex or particle-like behavior on the part of the cellular automata over the middle region of initial ...

The genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing algorithm (SA) are empirically compared for the problem of optimizing the topological design of a network. In addition to the usual problem of optimizing only the placement of links, in this letter the number and placement of concentrators are also decision variables for a class of problems using a real set of concentrators, links, and traffic. The average GA solution cost less than the average SA solution.

brought together academic, industry, and government experts working on radio frequency identification (RFID), biometrics, sensors, animal identification, identity cards, RFID-enabled passports, identity theft, terrorism, retail and healthcare supply chains, demographics, privacy, security, middleware, and legislation. One observation was universal in the presentations-identity matters. (See the sidebar on p. 84 for a full list of presentations, including those described in this article.) Identity-related technologies can considerably optimize supply chains while reducing threats from terrorism and natural disasters. But we must solve social, political, ethical, and technical puzzles along the way.

Service restorability is a network-wide parameter for a specific failure scenario that is dependent on the physical topology of the network. Previously network topology generator models for generating random models were based on structural models. However, the Internet and most real world networks follow degree- based models. Service restorability in degree-based wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks is analyzed for single-link and dual-link failures for two degree-based models. The main finding is that degree- based WDM networks have very high restorability even under dual-link failures.

Message Authentication Codes (MAC) are used to ensure the integrity of digital content is not compromised and to authenticate the sender. A MAC can be constructed by using a message digest and a shared secret value. Two different digital contents should have a low probability of having the same message digest. This is called a collision. Also, when a message