Lima-Peru

humano. Entre estas se cuentan, por ejemplo, el paludismo, dengue, alacranismo, oncocercosis, leishmaniosis y ricketiosis, cuyos agentes son las moscas alacranes, escorpiones, pulgas, chiches y gusanos que se encuentran en la tierra y que entran al sistema humano a través de la piel.

When collection of ejaculated sperm samples is not possible, as is the case with wild species, the epididymides of sacrificed wild males become the only possible source of spermatozoa. Mature cauda epididymal spermatozoa display characteristics similar to those of ejaculated sperm cells. The present work proposes a sperm staining technique suitable for the morphometric evaluation of red deer epididymal sperm using a new computerized system. Epididymides from wild animals were extracted no later than 2 h post mortem. After epididymal sectioning, sperm samples were collected, cooled to and equilibrated at 5 8C, and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Before staining, sperm samples were thawed for 20 s at 37 8C, and used for the preparation of slides. Three different sperm stains were tested: Hemacolor, Diff-Quik, and Harris' Hematoxylin. Morphometric analyses of sperm samples were performed using the morphologic module of the ISAS 1 . Two hundred spermatozoa per sample and stain were captured at random and analyzed. Sperm morphometric values were significantly affected by the staining technique used. Moreover, significant differences were observed between animals. In our study, Diff-Quik could be considered to be the best sperm staining method, as it provided the highest percentage of well automatically analyzed cells by the ISAS 1 , and discrimi-nates better between animals. This sperm staining technique also proved to be a useful method for characterizing and discriminating between sperm samples of different animals. #

Background Germ cell tumours (GCTs) represent an extraordinarily chemosensitive malignancy. However, 20–30% of patients with advanced disease cannot be cured by currently available treatments. The role of tyrosine kinase receptors has been widely studied in other malignancies. Yet, limited information is available on GCTs. Methods One hundred and nine paraffin-embedded GCTs in 84 patients were assessed by immunohistochemistry for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)/neu and KIT (CD117) expression. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate their role as predictive and/or prognostic factors. Results EGFR and HER-2/neu staining was detected in 28% and 13% of tumours, respectively, predominantly in nonseminomatous GCTs. KIT protein was almost universally expressed in seminomas (97%), being virtually absent in choriocarcinoma and teratocarcinoma subtypes. EGFR expression showed inverse association with tumour response of borderline significance. With a median follow-up of 10.6 years, no significant association was observed between the expression of any of these markers and relapsefree or overall survival. Conclusions EGFR, HER-2/neu and KIT have differential patterns of expression in GCTs according to histological subtypes. The expression of these markers in our series had no prognostic or predictive significance.

Se denomina así al estado de equilibrio entre ingresos y egresos de una empresa, sería el umbral donde está próximo a lograrse la rentabilidad. Es el nivel de un negocio en el cual los ingresos igualan a los egresos y que por lo tanto no arroja ni ganancia ni pérdida.

Europa  En los países europeos, la Ley protege de la revelación de información comunicada a un abogado por su cliente  en algunos países el origen de la obligación de proteger el Secreto Profesional, surge como una necesidad de orden público, mientras que en otros, esta protección surge como un derecho

Las 7 ESES es una herramienta para análisis y acción.  Y se refieren a los términos en Inglés:
- Estilo (Style) --> Cultura Organizacional.
- Personal (Staff) -->  Reclutamiento y apoyo al personal.
- Habilidades (Skills) --> Know -how (las habilidades y capacidades requeridas y poseídas  por los miembros de la  organización).
-  Estrategias (Strategies)--> La La manera como se organizan, relacionan e interactúan las distintas variables como unidades de negocio.
- Estructura (Structure) --> La manera como se organizan y enfocan los recursos, para conseguir los objetivos de la organización.
- Sistemas (Systems) -->  Los procesos internos que definen los parámetros de funcionamiento de la empresa y los sistemas de información  que son los canales por los que discurre la información.

Este concepto  se atribuyó inicialmente a Richard Pascale y Anthony Athos  autores del libro “El Arte de la Administración Japonesa” .  Pero otros lo atribuyen  a los consultores de McKinsey, Tom Peters y Robert Waterman autores del “Libro de la Excelencia” , quienes también se basaron en los exitosos resultados de las empresas japonesas.

Protein engineering approaches are often a combination of rational design and directed evolution using display technologies. Here, we test ''loop grafting,'' a rational design method, on three-finger fold proteins. These small reticulated proteins have exceptional affinity and specificity for their diverse molecular targets, display protease-resistance, and are highly stable and poorly immunogenic. The wealth of structural knowledge makes them good candidates for protein engineering of new functionality. Our goal is to enhance the efficacy of these mini-proteins by modifying their pharmacological properties in order to extend their use in imaging, diagnostics and therapeutic applications. Using the interaction of three-finger fold toxins with muscarinic and adrenergic receptors as a model, chimeric toxins have been engineered by substituting loops on toxin MT7 by those from toxin MT1. The pharmacological impact of these grafts was examined using binding experiments on muscarinic receptors M1 and M4 and on the a 1A -adrenoceptor. Some of the designed chimeric proteins have impressive gain of function on certain receptor subtypes achieving an original selectivity profile with high affinity for muscarinic receptor M1 and a 1A -adrenoceptor. Structure-function analysis supported by crystallographic data for MT1 and two chimeras permits a molecular based interpretation of these gains and details the merits of this protein engineering technique. The results obtained shed light on how loop permutation can be used to design new three-finger proteins with original pharmacological profiles.