Papers by Ignacio de Brescó de Luna
Pensamiento Psicológico, Dec 14, 2022
La revista Pensamiento Psicológico presenta el número especial Psicología cultural en el contexto... more La revista Pensamiento Psicológico presenta el número especial Psicología cultural en el contexto de Iberoamérica: Diálogos transdisciplinares, cuyo objetivo principal es divulgar los avances investigativos de la psicología cultural en los países de Latinoamérica y la península Ibérica, desde las diversas disciplinas que pueden contribuir a su consolidación. La psicología cultural constituye un campo interdisciplinar de intenso crecimiento teórico en los últimos años, al tratar sobre el fundamento semiótico que caracteriza los procesos humanos, considerando las dinámicas micro y macroestructurales de ese tejido. La opción de priorizar la investigación producida en los países de origen latino es una forma de contribuir no solo al desarrollo de ese campo de la psicología, sino hacerlo mediante estudios empíricos desarrollados en un contexto cultural determinado, a n de acercar más esta disciplina a los hablantes de lengua hispana . Como editores invitados, hemos decidido proponer un diálogo transdisciplinar, toda vez que el presente número está centrado en explorar las paradojas de un mundo en cambio. Hablamos de una sociedad global que ha evolucionado en el desarrollo de una sosticada tecnología, en complejidad del conocimiento, en sistemas dinámicos de generación de riqueza, en la ampliación y profesionalización de la asistencia humanitaria. Sin embargo, este supuesto progreso nos ha llevado a enfrentarnos a un desenfrenado proceso de pobreza, acelerado por diversas crisis de naturaleza sanitaria, ambiental, política, económica y social. En cualquier caso, el nuestro es un mundo de signicados y sentidos. Solamente en un escenario dialógico es posible promover la circulación de perspectivas, la polifonía de voces y las negociaciones de saberes para construir un cuerpo más comprensivo acerca de las cuestiones de nuestra contemporaneidad. Un claro ejemplo de ello lo encontramos en el momento actual. Aún afectados por la crisis causada por el COVID-19, podemos ver cómo personas, grupos y sociedades fueron afectados de forma diversa por la pandemia. Incluso, a pesar del protagonismo necesario de las ciencias de la vida (biológicas y de la salud) en la rápida producción de conocimiento y tecnologías para la protección de la vida humana ante el virus a escala planetaria, su acción estuvo atravesada desde el inicio por la difícil negociación de propósitos en los sistemas económicos y políticos en diferentes esferas. Además, la signicación social y cultural de la crisis pandémica se vio afectada por los sistemas de creencias y valores, así como por las relaciones de poder actuantes a escala
Pensamiento psicológico/Pensamiento psicologico, Dec 15, 2022
Oxford University Press eBooks, Mar 18, 2021
This chapter explores memory as a constructive process occurring at the intersection of a person ... more This chapter explores memory as a constructive process occurring at the intersection of a person and their social-cultural world. To do this, it moves away from the traditional metaphor of memory as storage and develops the alternative metaphor of construction. The foundations for this approach are found in Lev Vygotsky’s theory of mediation and microgenesis, together with Frederic Bartlett’s notion of reconstructive remembering and methods of repeated and serial reproduction. Their ideas are combined to develop an approach that analyzes remembering as part of an evolving cultural process, one that is also often conflictual and transformative. This approach is illustrated with studies of the emergence of memories in conversation, the narrative mediation of memory, the role of social positioning, and the dynamics of urban memory during periods of radical social change.
QMiP Bulletin, 2020
The return to experience in psychology involves recognising the limitations of traditional mono-m... more The return to experience in psychology involves recognising the limitations of traditional mono-modal approaches based on verbal data, detached from activity and context. This paper describes our use of subcams to explore how people experience and engage with the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin. Participants first walked around the memorial on their own while wearing a subcam and second they commented on their experience while watching the subcam video of the walk. The analysis links visuals with participants’ interpretations of the site and their understandings of the appropriate norms of behaviour there. The paper concludes with a discussion on the usefulness of subcams as a means of exploring multimodal forms of expression and communication in people’s ongoing flow of experience while engaging with the environment.
SpringerBriefs in psychology, 2019
Conflict and dialogicality go hand in hand, in that every conflict calls for at least two possibl... more Conflict and dialogicality go hand in hand, in that every conflict calls for at least two possible and competing positions. This dialogical relationship takes place within an argumentative context characterized by the presence of different voices and storylines which ultimately compete to impose their own form of defining the conflict according to the specific claims of each party concerned. The study included in this chapter shows how individuals, identified with different positions on the Basque issue, interpret, select, and give different narrative forms to a set of journalistic documents related to a controversial episode of this conflict. Through this study, we seek to further address remembering as a cultural process by stressing the role of narratives, as meaning-making tools, provided by a particular social context. In the case at hand, the context is marked by a nationalist conflict in which various political actors have competing stories and ways of understanding the Basque issue.
SpringerBriefs in psychology, 2019
SpringerBriefs in psychology, 2019
SpringerBriefs in psychology, 2019
Bartlett’s method of repeated reproduction is used to study the mediation of two different narrat... more Bartlett’s method of repeated reproduction is used to study the mediation of two different narrative forms of the same story about Northern Ireland (reading condition as independent variable, pro-British version vs. pro-Irish version) on the subsequent recall of its contents (dependent variable), paying particular attention to those events prioritized and those others dropped along the three recall sessions. The study also analyzes the progressive conventionalization, rationalization, and simplification of the two original stories over the three recall sessions, thus examining through specific cases how subjects have transformed the two versions. Thus, this study extends Bartlett’s method to a context of conflict in which participants have a stake in what is remembered.
SpringerBriefs in psychology, 2019
All human knowledge is ultimately rooted in metaphorical (or analogical) modes of perception and ... more All human knowledge is ultimately rooted in metaphorical (or analogical) modes of perception and thought, wherein one thing is used to understand another. Thus, metaphors permeate our everyday language structuring and our understanding of life, relationships, communication, politics, and even science. Scientists use metaphors to construct theoretical models to describe and explain the world and as such constitute the phenomena of interest. This is especially the case in the social sciences where the objects of knowledge are intangible and related to social practices. This chapter traces the history of memory as a concept through the various metaphors used to describe it. In this history memory shifted from an external to internal event and changed in relation to new technologies, practices, and social values. This conceptual history helps us to understand how memory got fixed as a thing in the head and thereby sets the ground for developing more dynamic, relational, and process-oriented concepts that take onboard culture, history, social relationships, and materiality.
Papeles de Trabajo sobre Cultura, Educación y Desarrollo Humano, 2015
María del Collell (Girona) los días 21, 22 y 23 de abril de 2014. El título de las jornadas fue "... more María del Collell (Girona) los días 21, 22 y 23 de abril de 2014. El título de las jornadas fue "Personas y sociedades conectadas: nuevos desafíos, nuevos aportes" y en ellas tomaron cita gran parte de los grupos de investigación que trabajan desde una perspectiva sociocultural en España. Siguiendo los temas centrales de las jornadas, el monográfico se organiza a través de seis focos temáticos, a saber: 1) aprendizaje, identidad y entornos digitales, 2) infancia, desarrollo y cultura, 3) familia, escuela y comunidad, 4) formación del profesorado y educación escolar, 5) multialfabetización y prácticas educativas emergentes, y 6) cuestiones y debates en psicología cultural.
Memory Studies, Sep 29, 2022
Memorials are cultural artifacts constructed to mediate memory for a shared past. But as such, th... more Memorials are cultural artifacts constructed to mediate memory for a shared past. But as such, they require people’s active engagement with them, which can generate divergent experiences and interpretations. The present study compares how different memorial forms both enable and constrain people’s relating to the sites and what they are meant to represent. The comparison hinges on the difference between traditional memorials (imposing, vertical, and focused on heroes) and counter-memorials (engaging, horizontal, and focused on victims). The Valley of the Fallen is in central focus as a prime example of a traditional memory, which is currently in the process of being re-signified. Our study compares participants’ experience of this site with the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe and the National 9/11 Memorial (both celebrated counter-memorials), using an innovative method combining interviews and a subjective camera that captures participants’ ongoing experience from the first-person perspective. Results show a manifold of ways in which people appropriate and make sense of memorials through different associations and personal memories while moving through them.
Asian Journal of Social Psychology, Dec 6, 2020
Concerned about a lack of legitimacy, European Union (EU) institutions have increasingly engaged ... more Concerned about a lack of legitimacy, European Union (EU) institutions have increasingly engaged in memory politics to enhance European identity. Yet, memory of the EU is still closely connected to the collective identity formation of nation-states, especially in the field of education, the focus of this study. Inspired by this dilemma, the present paper examines the representations of European unification in textbooks of six countries: Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Finland, Hungary, and Estonia. By focusing on countries on the margins of Europe, the present study explores shared and diverse narratives of the European unification process and asks whether or not a shared historical charter of European unification exists. All together 86 history textbooks used in upper secondary school were analysed by adopting a threestep multi-method approach. The results suggest that the representation of European unification is more diverse than it is homogenous. It can be narrated as a political value community or as a community based on utilitarian interests, or it can be represented from a unified European or from a more national perspective. Exploring representations of European unification is crucial to understanding how they can be used as legitimizing charters to navigate through the European challenges of the 21st century.
SpringerBriefs in psychology, 2019
Memorials are public sites that promote memory of the collective past. Over the last century, a n... more Memorials are public sites that promote memory of the collective past. Over the last century, a new “counter-memorial” form has emerged that focused on victims and trauma through a minimalist and immersive architecture that many have claimed opens up for a diversity of ways of experiencing and interacting with them. This idea is then tested at the National September 11 Memorial in New York in a study exploring people’s flow of experience there. To do this, it introduces a process-ecological methodology that captures people’s evolving experience in its complex and tightly coupled relations with the environment. This methodology involves a subjective camera method, which records first-person video and audio, in order to capture the immersive feeling of “being there.” The analysis identifies a number of ways in which participants relate to the collective past in the space of the memorial through personal memories, thus showing various lines of interconnection between individual and collective memory.
SpringerBriefs in psychology, 2019
The idea that memory is constructive is now widely accepted in psychology as well as across the d... more The idea that memory is constructive is now widely accepted in psychology as well as across the different disciplines within memory studies. However, what precisely this means is not always clear and has often been used to save the storage metaphor of memory. This chapter reviews the theories of Vygotsky and Bartlett, and the lines of research that have arisen from them, in order to develop a more nuanced approach to constructive memory. They share an understanding of individual memory as having social origins and thereby being embedded within evolving cultural traditions. However, each also brings something unique to the question of what makes memory constructive and methodologies to study it as such. Vygotsky theorized how higher mental functions (e.g., memory) are mediated by culture (in the form of language, images and artifacts) and innovated the method of double stimulation to trigger and analyze this process. Bartlett took inspiration from the anthropological study of how stories and images change as they are transmitted between groups, which he aimed to simulate with his methods of repeated and serial reproduction. For him constructiveness highlighted future-oriented activity and the ability to weave together diverse cultural streams into new forms.
Aibr-revista De Antropologia Iberoamericana, 2005
Este trabajo pretende ser una aproximación al estudio de Frederick C. Bartlett, uno de los princi... more Este trabajo pretende ser una aproximación al estudio de Frederick C. Bartlett, uno de los principales psicólogos británicos de la primera mitad del siglo veinte. El estudio empieza con un repaso a la trayectoria intelectual de este autor, enfatizando la fuerte influencia que sobre ella tuvo el ambiente de la Universidad de Cambridge durante el periodo de entreguerras y, especialmente, autores como Henry Head, Charles S. Myers o William Halse Rivers. Veremos cómo Bartlett comienza trabajando en cuestiones de tipo antropológico, utilizando una metodología psicológica experimental, donde el estudio de la convencionalización de materiales culturales tiene una importancia de primer orden. Dicha etapa culminará en la que tal vez sea la obra más conocida de este autor. Remembering (1932), considerada la primera exposición sistemática de su postura teórica, consiste, como veremos, en un volumen dedicado al estudio de cómo las acciones de los sujetos, tales como percibir o imaginar, referidas a acontecimientos del pasado, son recordadas en sucesivas ocasiones. A este respecto, procedimientos de explicación tomados tanto de la neurología del movimiento (los esquemas de Henry Head) como de la antropología social (la convencionalización de Haddon y Rivers) serán cruciales en este trabajo. Finalmente, concluiremos este estudio con algunas reflexiones acerca del posicionamiento teórico de Bartlett en relación a algunos de sus contemporáneos. Desde esta perspectiva, se insistirá en el perfil eminentemente funcionalista del autor, resaltando su perspectiva genética y social, así como su enfoque constructivista del sujeto humano, elaborado desde una psicología de la acción.
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Papers by Ignacio de Brescó de Luna