Security is an important and reminisce issue of any software. To ignore security matters or leavi... more Security is an important and reminisce issue of any software. To ignore security matters or leaving them till later stages of software development could be dangerous as it is difficult to retrofit security in an application later on. In the security critical applications, it is extremely important to avoid mistakes. Therefore, the use of security patterns is important for developing a secure system. In this paper we present how security can boost up by using ten security principles. We conducted a literature review in the field of security patterns, identified problems and proposed a pattern for user authentication function in mobile devices and carried out a comparison based research. We are using ten security design principles as matrices comparing with structure patterns. We summarize which patterns fulfill which of these ten security principles. We get these security patterns from security patterns repository.
Journal of information communication technologies and robotic applications, Jun 30, 2020
Wireless sensor networks are used to monitor physical and environmental conditions. User authenti... more Wireless sensor networks are used to monitor physical and environmental conditions. User authentication is required to achieve a consistent access control. However, authenticating a user or sensor in a network is a challenging task owing to the limited resources of the sensor nodes. Therefore, to provide secure and efficient communication, numerous authentication schemes have been designed. Traditional schemes have several security vulnerabilities and significant computational overhead. In this paper, we propose an Enhanced biometric based user Authentication Scheme using Fuzzy extraction and Elliptic curve cryptography (EBAS-FeEcc) for wireless sensor networks to achieve high security level and improve the performance as well as life time of entire network. Presented technique consists of easy operations and light computations. Analysis shows that previous schemes have various security weaknesses such as a biometric recognition error, user verification problem, lack of anonymity, session key exposure by the gateway node, and perfect forward secrecy. Our proposed technique overcomes these network security issues. Our scheme additionally increases performance of the network by reducing network traffic, defending sensor network against DOS attack and increasing nodes battery life. Therefore, the functionality and performance of the entire network improves.
Security Flaws of Operating System Against Live Device Attacks: A case study on live Linux distribution device
2019 Sixth International Conference on Software Defined Systems (SDS), 2019
Live Linux distribution devices can hold Linux operating system for portability. Using such devic... more Live Linux distribution devices can hold Linux operating system for portability. Using such devices and distributions, one can access system or critical files, which otherwise cannot be accessed by guest or any unauthorized user. Events like file leakage before the official announcement. These announcements can vary from mobile companies to software industries. Damages caused by such vulnerabilities can be data theft, data tampering, or permanent deletion of certain records. This study uncovers the security flaws of operating system against live device attacks. For this study, we used live devices with different Linux distributions. Target operating systems are exposed to live device attacks and their behavior is recorded against different Linux distribution. This study also compares the robustness level of different operating system against such attacks.
Revolution in technology is changing the way visually impaired people read and write Braille easi... more Revolution in technology is changing the way visually impaired people read and write Braille easily. Learning Braille in its native language can be more convenient for its users. This study proposes an improved backend processing algorithm for an earlier developed touchscreen-based Braille text entry application. This application is used to collect Urdu Braille data, which is then converted to Urdu text. Braille to text conversion has been done on Hindi, Arabic, Bangla, Chinese, English, and other languages. For this study, Urdu Braille Grade 1 data were collected with multiclass (39 characters of Urdu represented by class 1, Alif (ﺍ), to class 39, Bri Yay (ے). Total (N = 144) cases for each class were collected. The dataset was collected from visually impaired students from The National Special Education School. Visually impaired users entered the Urdu Braille alphabets using touchscreen devices. The final dataset contained (N = 5638) cases. Reconstruction Independent Component Ana...
A hybrid architecture for resolving Cryptographic issues in internet of things (IoT), Employing Quantum computing supremacy
2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), 2021
The Internet of Things (IoT) is shaping the world of every economy and client. By 2023, clients, ... more The Internet of Things (IoT) is shaping the world of every economy and client. By 2023, clients, companies, and governments will be able to install a total of 40 billion IoT devices worldwide. The 2021's challenges simply confirmed the necessity to secure all four elements of the IoT Model: Sensors, Networks, Cloud, and Applications. Therefore, it is important to be pragmatic regarding the extreme threats and high worth of attacks on secrecy in IoT systems. Although the concept of convergence of IoT and Quantum Computing is not a standby topic, it had been mentioned in several works of literature and coated by many researchers, however, nothing is getting ready for sensible applications thus far. Quantum Computing is not prepared nevertheless, it is so far from preparation on a billboard scale. Quantum computing resolves most of the issues in IoT however it occurs yet below the analysis phase and can take over a couple of years to induce in public obtainable use. During this research, the author will start through a broad introduction to the internet of things and Quantum Computing and carry on with issues that can be featured throughout the convergence of Quantum Computing and IoT. To solve these integration issues in terms of cryptography this research will also provide the answer. At long last, this research will call attention to the hybrid of both fields to existing IoT network design.
Braille is used as a mode of communication all over the world. Technological advancements are tra... more Braille is used as a mode of communication all over the world. Technological advancements are transforming the way Braille is read and written. This study developed an English Braille pattern identification system using robust machine learning techniques using the English Braille Grade-1 dataset. English Braille Grade-1 dataset was collected using a touchscreen device from visually impaired students of the National Special Education School Muzaffarabad. For better visualization, the dataset was divided into two classes as class 1 (1–13) (a–m) and class 2 (14–26) (n–z) using 26 Braille English characters. A position-free braille text entry method was used to generate synthetic data. N = 2512 cases were included in the final dataset. Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Trees (DT) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) with Reconstruction Independent Component Analysis (RICA) and PCA-based feature extraction methods were used for Braille to English character recognition. Compared to PCA, Rand...
Vehicular Ad-hoc network (VANET) is an imminent technology having both exciting prospects and sub... more Vehicular Ad-hoc network (VANET) is an imminent technology having both exciting prospects and substantial challenges, especially in terms of security. Due to its distributed network and frequently changing topology, it is extremely prone to security attacks. The researchers have proposed different strategies for detecting various forms of network attacks. However, VANET is still exposed to several attacks, specifically Sybil attack. Sybil Attack is one of the most challenging attacks in VANETS, which forge false identities in the network to undermine communication between network nodes. This attack highly impacts transportation safety services and may create traffic congestion. In this regard, a novel collaborative framework based on majority voting is proposed to detect the Sybil attack in the network. The framework works by ensembling individual classifiers, i.e., K-Nearest Neighbor, Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, SVM, and Logistic Regression in a parallel manner. The Majority Voting...
The Internet of Things (IoT) strongly influences the world economy; this emphasizes the importanc... more The Internet of Things (IoT) strongly influences the world economy; this emphasizes the importance of securing all four aspects of the IoT model: sensors, networks, cloud, and applications. Considering the significant value of public-key cryptography threats on IoT system confidentiality, it is vital to secure it. One of the potential candidates to assist in securing public key cryptography in IoT is quantum computing. Although the notion of IoT and quantum computing convergence is not new, it has been referenced in various works of literature and covered by many scholars. Quantum computing eliminates most of the challenges in IoT. This research provides a comprehensive introduction to the Internet of Things and quantum computing before moving on to public-key cryptography difficulties that may be encountered across the convergence of quantum computing and IoT. An enhanced architecture is then proposed for resolving these public-key cryptography challenges using SimuloQron to implem...
The transfer of information is a demanding issue, particularly due to the presence of a large num... more The transfer of information is a demanding issue, particularly due to the presence of a large number of eavesdroppers on communication channels. Sharing medical service records between different clinical jobs is a basic and testing research topic. The particular characteristics of blockchains have attracted a large amount of attention and resulted in revolutionary changes to various business applications, including medical care. A blockchain is based on a distributed ledger, which tends to improve cyber security. A number of proposals have been made with respect to the sharing of basic medical records using a blockchain without needing earlier information or the trust of patients. Specialist service providers and insurance agencies are not secure against data breaches. The safe sharing of clinical records between different countries, to ensure an incorporated and universal medical service, is also a significant issue for patients who travel. The medical data of patients normally res...
The growing collection of scientific data in various web repositories is referred to as Scientifi... more The growing collection of scientific data in various web repositories is referred to as Scientific Big Data, as it fulfills the four "V's" of Big Data-volume, variety, velocity, and veracity. This phenomenon has created new opportunities for startups; for instance, the extraction of pertinent research papers from enormous knowledge repositories using certain innovative methods has become an important task for researchers and entrepreneurs. Traditionally, the content of the papers are compared to list the relevant papers from a repository. The conventional method results in a long list of papers that is often impossible to interpret productively. Therefore, the need for a novel approach that intelligently utilizes the available data is imminent. Moreover, the primary element of the scientific knowledge base is a research article, which consists of various logical sections such as the Abstract, Introduction, Related Work, Methodology, Results, and Conclusion. Thus, this study utilizes these logical sections of research articles, because they hold significant potential in finding relevant papers. In this study, comprehensive experiments were performed to determine the role of the logical sections-based terms indexing method in improving the quality of results (i.e., retrieving relevant papers). Therefore, we proposed, implemented, and evaluated the logical sections-based content comparisons method to address the research objective with a standard method of indexing terms. The section-based approach outperformed the standard content-based approach in identifying relevant documents from all classified topics of computer science. Overall, the proposed approach extracted 14% more relevant results from the entire dataset. As the experimental results suggested that employing a finer content similarity This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.
The growing collection of scientific data in various web repositories is referred to as Scientifi... more The growing collection of scientific data in various web repositories is referred to as Scientific Big Data, as it fulfills the four "V's" of Big Data-volume, variety, velocity, and veracity. This phenomenon has created new opportunities for startups; for instance, the extraction of pertinent research papers from enormous knowledge repositories using certain innovative methods has become an important task for researchers and entrepreneurs. Traditionally, the content of the papers are compared to list the relevant papers from a repository. The conventional method results in a long list of papers that is often impossible to interpret productively. Therefore, the need for a novel approach that intelligently utilizes the available data is imminent. Moreover, the primary element of the scientific knowledge base is a research article, which consists of various logical sections such as the Abstract, Introduction, Related Work, Methodology, Results, and Conclusion. Thus, this study utilizes these logical sections of research articles, because they hold significant potential in finding relevant papers. In this study, comprehensive experiments were performed to determine the role of the logical sections-based terms indexing method in improving the quality of results (i.e., retrieving relevant papers). Therefore, we proposed, implemented, and evaluated the logical sections-based content comparisons method to address the research objective with a standard method of indexing terms. The section-based approach outperformed the standard content-based approach in identifying relevant documents from all classified topics of computer science. Overall, the proposed approach extracted 14% more relevant results from the entire dataset. As the experimental results suggested that employing a finer content similarity This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.
Gray Hat hackers/Insider can use Live Linux distribution to get into the resources of primary/sec... more Gray Hat hackers/Insider can use Live Linux distribution to get into the resources of primary/secondary installed Operating system. By using such devices and distributions they can access the critical point of an Operating system which make them able to control User/Critical files that cannot be accessed within the operating system or can accessed either by Administrator or Operating system due to windows Security policy. Here we discuss that the Insider/ Gray hat hacker, by using such device, can manipulate windows operating system registries to get desired information. These accessed file can be copied to device for further change and analysis in secure place.
2020 European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design (ECCTD), 2020
This paper presents a generalization of the classical phase-locked loop (PLL) theory. It includes... more This paper presents a generalization of the classical phase-locked loop (PLL) theory. It includes the effects of time-delays and mutual coupling between PLLs. Two methods for finding stable solutions to locked states and their transient dynamics are discussed. The theoretical predictions of these methods are verified by experimental measurements obtained of a classical PLL entrained by a clock. For entrainment the generalized and classical PLL theory overlap. The analysis correctly predicts the phase-relations of phase-locked states, the loop-gain dependency on the component characteristics and time-delays and the transient dynamics, i.e., perturbation decay rate and the frequency of perturbation decay. Thus the generalized theory allows a deeper understanding of a PLL’s response. The model covers PLLs of arbitrary order and number of inputs.
International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
Urban green spaces are really vital for the well-being of human in urban areas. In urban planning... more Urban green spaces are really vital for the well-being of human in urban areas. In urban planning for green space site selection, the study of the bond among the usage of green spaces and their categories that really influence their use can provide useful references. A spatial and temporal research on the allocation of visitors in 157 green areas was carried out in Shanghai to know which green spaces are denser or crowdsourced by utilizing social media big data. We evaluated the association with statistical testing and Kernel Density Estimation among the spatial pattern of the visitor spread in urban green areas. We used check-in data from social media to test this study comparing the number of humans who visit various green parks. We have classified green areas into various categories and our main findings are focused on their characteristics: (1) famous category of green parks according to visitors’ preferences, (2) Differences in the number of visitors by daytime, and (3) crowdso...
The uses of machine learning techniques in medical diagnosis are very helpful tools now-a-days. B... more The uses of machine learning techniques in medical diagnosis are very helpful tools now-a-days. By using machine learning algorithms and techniques, many complex medical problems can be solved easily and quickly. Without these techniques, it was a difficult task to find the causes of a problem or to suggest most appropriate solution for the problem with high accuracy. The machine learning techniques are used in almost every field of medical sciences such as heart diseases, diabetes, cancer prediction, blood transfusion, gender prediction and many more. Both supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques are applied in the field of medical and health sciences to find the best solution for any medical illness. In this paper, the implementation of supervised machine learning techniques is performed for classifying the data of the pregnant women on the basis of mode of delivery either it will be a C-Section or a normal delivery. This analysis allows classifying the subjects into caesarean and normal delivery cases, hence providing the insight to physician to take precautionary measures to ensure the health of an expecting mother and an expected child.
Analysis and Evaluation of Privacy Issues in Online Social Networks
Online social networks (OSNs) are increasingly becoming popular tools for social interactions des... more Online social networks (OSNs) are increasingly becoming popular tools for social interactions despite the prevailing ambivalence towards them. The issue of privacy is a key concern due to increasing popularity and immense growth in the volume of online data exchange between OSN users. There is a need to realize and deal with the social consequences of confession of unwanted information to unintended audiences. Despite information disclosure, the issue is more problematic due to a lack of privacy knowledge and related privacy risks on behalf of the users. The core idea of this research is to come up with comprehensive guidelines for protection against unintended information disclosure via OSNs. Although the users can tweak privacy settings related to different information items/categories, authors hypothesize that the complexity of managing privacy settings, accompanied by increasingly negligent default settings, leads to unintended information disclosure.
Internet services have become an essential part of our daily activities. Due to rapid technical p... more Internet services have become an essential part of our daily activities. Due to rapid technical progress mobile web browsing has become a reality now. User authentication is a vital component in most systems that need to assure security of services and data. A weak authentication mechanism enables hackers to steal user information or bypass authentication. In some services, such as online banking, strong authentication is needed to protect the service provider as well as the users of the services. In this research paper, a user authentication scheme for mobile devices has been proposed for Smartphone applications. The results clearly indicate that the proposed authentication scheme provide protection from attacks such as man-in-the-middle attack, shoulder surfing attack, dictionary attack, spoofing and manipulation. It also overcomes the drawbacks of internet banking authentication system and WhatsApp such as PIN eavesdropping and time synchronization. Also it authenticates the user...
Security is an important and reminisce issue of any software. To ignore security matters or leavi... more Security is an important and reminisce issue of any software. To ignore security matters or leaving them till later stages of software development could be dangerous as it is difficult to retrofit security in an application later on. In the security critical applications, it is extremely important to avoid mistakes. Therefore, the use of security patterns is important for developing a secure system. In this paper we present how security can boost up by using ten security principles. We conducted a literature review in the field of security patterns, identified problems and proposed a pattern for user authentication function in mobile devices and carried out a comparison based research. We are using ten security design principles as matrices comparing with structure patterns. We summarize which patterns fulfill which of these ten security principles. We get these security patterns from security patterns repository.
Journal of information communication technologies and robotic applications, Jun 30, 2020
Wireless sensor networks are used to monitor physical and environmental conditions. User authenti... more Wireless sensor networks are used to monitor physical and environmental conditions. User authentication is required to achieve a consistent access control. However, authenticating a user or sensor in a network is a challenging task owing to the limited resources of the sensor nodes. Therefore, to provide secure and efficient communication, numerous authentication schemes have been designed. Traditional schemes have several security vulnerabilities and significant computational overhead. In this paper, we propose an Enhanced biometric based user Authentication Scheme using Fuzzy extraction and Elliptic curve cryptography (EBAS-FeEcc) for wireless sensor networks to achieve high security level and improve the performance as well as life time of entire network. Presented technique consists of easy operations and light computations. Analysis shows that previous schemes have various security weaknesses such as a biometric recognition error, user verification problem, lack of anonymity, session key exposure by the gateway node, and perfect forward secrecy. Our proposed technique overcomes these network security issues. Our scheme additionally increases performance of the network by reducing network traffic, defending sensor network against DOS attack and increasing nodes battery life. Therefore, the functionality and performance of the entire network improves.
Security Flaws of Operating System Against Live Device Attacks: A case study on live Linux distribution device
2019 Sixth International Conference on Software Defined Systems (SDS), 2019
Live Linux distribution devices can hold Linux operating system for portability. Using such devic... more Live Linux distribution devices can hold Linux operating system for portability. Using such devices and distributions, one can access system or critical files, which otherwise cannot be accessed by guest or any unauthorized user. Events like file leakage before the official announcement. These announcements can vary from mobile companies to software industries. Damages caused by such vulnerabilities can be data theft, data tampering, or permanent deletion of certain records. This study uncovers the security flaws of operating system against live device attacks. For this study, we used live devices with different Linux distributions. Target operating systems are exposed to live device attacks and their behavior is recorded against different Linux distribution. This study also compares the robustness level of different operating system against such attacks.
Revolution in technology is changing the way visually impaired people read and write Braille easi... more Revolution in technology is changing the way visually impaired people read and write Braille easily. Learning Braille in its native language can be more convenient for its users. This study proposes an improved backend processing algorithm for an earlier developed touchscreen-based Braille text entry application. This application is used to collect Urdu Braille data, which is then converted to Urdu text. Braille to text conversion has been done on Hindi, Arabic, Bangla, Chinese, English, and other languages. For this study, Urdu Braille Grade 1 data were collected with multiclass (39 characters of Urdu represented by class 1, Alif (ﺍ), to class 39, Bri Yay (ے). Total (N = 144) cases for each class were collected. The dataset was collected from visually impaired students from The National Special Education School. Visually impaired users entered the Urdu Braille alphabets using touchscreen devices. The final dataset contained (N = 5638) cases. Reconstruction Independent Component Ana...
A hybrid architecture for resolving Cryptographic issues in internet of things (IoT), Employing Quantum computing supremacy
2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), 2021
The Internet of Things (IoT) is shaping the world of every economy and client. By 2023, clients, ... more The Internet of Things (IoT) is shaping the world of every economy and client. By 2023, clients, companies, and governments will be able to install a total of 40 billion IoT devices worldwide. The 2021's challenges simply confirmed the necessity to secure all four elements of the IoT Model: Sensors, Networks, Cloud, and Applications. Therefore, it is important to be pragmatic regarding the extreme threats and high worth of attacks on secrecy in IoT systems. Although the concept of convergence of IoT and Quantum Computing is not a standby topic, it had been mentioned in several works of literature and coated by many researchers, however, nothing is getting ready for sensible applications thus far. Quantum Computing is not prepared nevertheless, it is so far from preparation on a billboard scale. Quantum computing resolves most of the issues in IoT however it occurs yet below the analysis phase and can take over a couple of years to induce in public obtainable use. During this research, the author will start through a broad introduction to the internet of things and Quantum Computing and carry on with issues that can be featured throughout the convergence of Quantum Computing and IoT. To solve these integration issues in terms of cryptography this research will also provide the answer. At long last, this research will call attention to the hybrid of both fields to existing IoT network design.
Braille is used as a mode of communication all over the world. Technological advancements are tra... more Braille is used as a mode of communication all over the world. Technological advancements are transforming the way Braille is read and written. This study developed an English Braille pattern identification system using robust machine learning techniques using the English Braille Grade-1 dataset. English Braille Grade-1 dataset was collected using a touchscreen device from visually impaired students of the National Special Education School Muzaffarabad. For better visualization, the dataset was divided into two classes as class 1 (1–13) (a–m) and class 2 (14–26) (n–z) using 26 Braille English characters. A position-free braille text entry method was used to generate synthetic data. N = 2512 cases were included in the final dataset. Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Trees (DT) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) with Reconstruction Independent Component Analysis (RICA) and PCA-based feature extraction methods were used for Braille to English character recognition. Compared to PCA, Rand...
Vehicular Ad-hoc network (VANET) is an imminent technology having both exciting prospects and sub... more Vehicular Ad-hoc network (VANET) is an imminent technology having both exciting prospects and substantial challenges, especially in terms of security. Due to its distributed network and frequently changing topology, it is extremely prone to security attacks. The researchers have proposed different strategies for detecting various forms of network attacks. However, VANET is still exposed to several attacks, specifically Sybil attack. Sybil Attack is one of the most challenging attacks in VANETS, which forge false identities in the network to undermine communication between network nodes. This attack highly impacts transportation safety services and may create traffic congestion. In this regard, a novel collaborative framework based on majority voting is proposed to detect the Sybil attack in the network. The framework works by ensembling individual classifiers, i.e., K-Nearest Neighbor, Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, SVM, and Logistic Regression in a parallel manner. The Majority Voting...
The Internet of Things (IoT) strongly influences the world economy; this emphasizes the importanc... more The Internet of Things (IoT) strongly influences the world economy; this emphasizes the importance of securing all four aspects of the IoT model: sensors, networks, cloud, and applications. Considering the significant value of public-key cryptography threats on IoT system confidentiality, it is vital to secure it. One of the potential candidates to assist in securing public key cryptography in IoT is quantum computing. Although the notion of IoT and quantum computing convergence is not new, it has been referenced in various works of literature and covered by many scholars. Quantum computing eliminates most of the challenges in IoT. This research provides a comprehensive introduction to the Internet of Things and quantum computing before moving on to public-key cryptography difficulties that may be encountered across the convergence of quantum computing and IoT. An enhanced architecture is then proposed for resolving these public-key cryptography challenges using SimuloQron to implem...
The transfer of information is a demanding issue, particularly due to the presence of a large num... more The transfer of information is a demanding issue, particularly due to the presence of a large number of eavesdroppers on communication channels. Sharing medical service records between different clinical jobs is a basic and testing research topic. The particular characteristics of blockchains have attracted a large amount of attention and resulted in revolutionary changes to various business applications, including medical care. A blockchain is based on a distributed ledger, which tends to improve cyber security. A number of proposals have been made with respect to the sharing of basic medical records using a blockchain without needing earlier information or the trust of patients. Specialist service providers and insurance agencies are not secure against data breaches. The safe sharing of clinical records between different countries, to ensure an incorporated and universal medical service, is also a significant issue for patients who travel. The medical data of patients normally res...
The growing collection of scientific data in various web repositories is referred to as Scientifi... more The growing collection of scientific data in various web repositories is referred to as Scientific Big Data, as it fulfills the four "V's" of Big Data-volume, variety, velocity, and veracity. This phenomenon has created new opportunities for startups; for instance, the extraction of pertinent research papers from enormous knowledge repositories using certain innovative methods has become an important task for researchers and entrepreneurs. Traditionally, the content of the papers are compared to list the relevant papers from a repository. The conventional method results in a long list of papers that is often impossible to interpret productively. Therefore, the need for a novel approach that intelligently utilizes the available data is imminent. Moreover, the primary element of the scientific knowledge base is a research article, which consists of various logical sections such as the Abstract, Introduction, Related Work, Methodology, Results, and Conclusion. Thus, this study utilizes these logical sections of research articles, because they hold significant potential in finding relevant papers. In this study, comprehensive experiments were performed to determine the role of the logical sections-based terms indexing method in improving the quality of results (i.e., retrieving relevant papers). Therefore, we proposed, implemented, and evaluated the logical sections-based content comparisons method to address the research objective with a standard method of indexing terms. The section-based approach outperformed the standard content-based approach in identifying relevant documents from all classified topics of computer science. Overall, the proposed approach extracted 14% more relevant results from the entire dataset. As the experimental results suggested that employing a finer content similarity This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.
The growing collection of scientific data in various web repositories is referred to as Scientifi... more The growing collection of scientific data in various web repositories is referred to as Scientific Big Data, as it fulfills the four "V's" of Big Data-volume, variety, velocity, and veracity. This phenomenon has created new opportunities for startups; for instance, the extraction of pertinent research papers from enormous knowledge repositories using certain innovative methods has become an important task for researchers and entrepreneurs. Traditionally, the content of the papers are compared to list the relevant papers from a repository. The conventional method results in a long list of papers that is often impossible to interpret productively. Therefore, the need for a novel approach that intelligently utilizes the available data is imminent. Moreover, the primary element of the scientific knowledge base is a research article, which consists of various logical sections such as the Abstract, Introduction, Related Work, Methodology, Results, and Conclusion. Thus, this study utilizes these logical sections of research articles, because they hold significant potential in finding relevant papers. In this study, comprehensive experiments were performed to determine the role of the logical sections-based terms indexing method in improving the quality of results (i.e., retrieving relevant papers). Therefore, we proposed, implemented, and evaluated the logical sections-based content comparisons method to address the research objective with a standard method of indexing terms. The section-based approach outperformed the standard content-based approach in identifying relevant documents from all classified topics of computer science. Overall, the proposed approach extracted 14% more relevant results from the entire dataset. As the experimental results suggested that employing a finer content similarity This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.
Gray Hat hackers/Insider can use Live Linux distribution to get into the resources of primary/sec... more Gray Hat hackers/Insider can use Live Linux distribution to get into the resources of primary/secondary installed Operating system. By using such devices and distributions they can access the critical point of an Operating system which make them able to control User/Critical files that cannot be accessed within the operating system or can accessed either by Administrator or Operating system due to windows Security policy. Here we discuss that the Insider/ Gray hat hacker, by using such device, can manipulate windows operating system registries to get desired information. These accessed file can be copied to device for further change and analysis in secure place.
2020 European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design (ECCTD), 2020
This paper presents a generalization of the classical phase-locked loop (PLL) theory. It includes... more This paper presents a generalization of the classical phase-locked loop (PLL) theory. It includes the effects of time-delays and mutual coupling between PLLs. Two methods for finding stable solutions to locked states and their transient dynamics are discussed. The theoretical predictions of these methods are verified by experimental measurements obtained of a classical PLL entrained by a clock. For entrainment the generalized and classical PLL theory overlap. The analysis correctly predicts the phase-relations of phase-locked states, the loop-gain dependency on the component characteristics and time-delays and the transient dynamics, i.e., perturbation decay rate and the frequency of perturbation decay. Thus the generalized theory allows a deeper understanding of a PLL’s response. The model covers PLLs of arbitrary order and number of inputs.
International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
Urban green spaces are really vital for the well-being of human in urban areas. In urban planning... more Urban green spaces are really vital for the well-being of human in urban areas. In urban planning for green space site selection, the study of the bond among the usage of green spaces and their categories that really influence their use can provide useful references. A spatial and temporal research on the allocation of visitors in 157 green areas was carried out in Shanghai to know which green spaces are denser or crowdsourced by utilizing social media big data. We evaluated the association with statistical testing and Kernel Density Estimation among the spatial pattern of the visitor spread in urban green areas. We used check-in data from social media to test this study comparing the number of humans who visit various green parks. We have classified green areas into various categories and our main findings are focused on their characteristics: (1) famous category of green parks according to visitors’ preferences, (2) Differences in the number of visitors by daytime, and (3) crowdso...
The uses of machine learning techniques in medical diagnosis are very helpful tools now-a-days. B... more The uses of machine learning techniques in medical diagnosis are very helpful tools now-a-days. By using machine learning algorithms and techniques, many complex medical problems can be solved easily and quickly. Without these techniques, it was a difficult task to find the causes of a problem or to suggest most appropriate solution for the problem with high accuracy. The machine learning techniques are used in almost every field of medical sciences such as heart diseases, diabetes, cancer prediction, blood transfusion, gender prediction and many more. Both supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques are applied in the field of medical and health sciences to find the best solution for any medical illness. In this paper, the implementation of supervised machine learning techniques is performed for classifying the data of the pregnant women on the basis of mode of delivery either it will be a C-Section or a normal delivery. This analysis allows classifying the subjects into caesarean and normal delivery cases, hence providing the insight to physician to take precautionary measures to ensure the health of an expecting mother and an expected child.
Analysis and Evaluation of Privacy Issues in Online Social Networks
Online social networks (OSNs) are increasingly becoming popular tools for social interactions des... more Online social networks (OSNs) are increasingly becoming popular tools for social interactions despite the prevailing ambivalence towards them. The issue of privacy is a key concern due to increasing popularity and immense growth in the volume of online data exchange between OSN users. There is a need to realize and deal with the social consequences of confession of unwanted information to unintended audiences. Despite information disclosure, the issue is more problematic due to a lack of privacy knowledge and related privacy risks on behalf of the users. The core idea of this research is to come up with comprehensive guidelines for protection against unintended information disclosure via OSNs. Although the users can tweak privacy settings related to different information items/categories, authors hypothesize that the complexity of managing privacy settings, accompanied by increasingly negligent default settings, leads to unintended information disclosure.
Internet services have become an essential part of our daily activities. Due to rapid technical p... more Internet services have become an essential part of our daily activities. Due to rapid technical progress mobile web browsing has become a reality now. User authentication is a vital component in most systems that need to assure security of services and data. A weak authentication mechanism enables hackers to steal user information or bypass authentication. In some services, such as online banking, strong authentication is needed to protect the service provider as well as the users of the services. In this research paper, a user authentication scheme for mobile devices has been proposed for Smartphone applications. The results clearly indicate that the proposed authentication scheme provide protection from attacks such as man-in-the-middle attack, shoulder surfing attack, dictionary attack, spoofing and manipulation. It also overcomes the drawbacks of internet banking authentication system and WhatsApp such as PIN eavesdropping and time synchronization. Also it authenticates the user...
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