This review examined the main ndings that have emerged in the last decade in relation to Positiv... more This review examined the main ndings that have emerged in the last decade in relation to Positive Psychology. The article includes a revision of theories and empirical data on happiness and subjective well-being of people. In this literature, there is a tendency to focus on mostly individual aspects. This focus raises some questions about the current body of empirical evidence. Because of the focus on individual aspects, important factors such as culture are not frequently considered in Positive Psychology. Thus, we review studies that focus on sociocultural issues and we observe that culture can have an impact on happiness. In this article we promote an insight that integrates cultural aspects to investigate these issues.
La presente revisión analizó los principales hallazgos que han surgido en la última década en relación con la Psicología Positiva. Esta revisión incluye teorías y datos empíricos sobre la felicidad y el bienestar subjetivo de las personas. En esta literatura se percibe una cierta tendencia a enfocarse en sus aspectos individuales, lo que genera interrogantes sobre cuáles y de dónde provienen los datos que respaldan sus conclusiones. En paralelo, de las investigaciones socioculturales se desprende que la cultura in uye en las personas y, por ende, en su felicidad, aspectos no siempre considerados explícitamente en la literatura sobre felicidad. En el presente artículo se promueve una mirada complementaria que integre aspectos culturales al investigar sobre estas temáticas, logrando así que sus resultados se ajusten de mejor manera a las particularidades de la cultura.
Resumen: El presente artículo propone la reflexión sobre la complejidad inherente a la dinámica d... more Resumen: El presente artículo propone la reflexión sobre la complejidad inherente a la dinámica de los grupos humanos, entre ellos, la interacción dentro de una sala de clases. Se muestra cómo las estrategias de la planificación extrema o de la improvisación absoluta pueden tener consecuencias nefastas para los procesos educativos. Precisamente, en el punto intermedio entre el completo orden y el desorden total, se encontraría la máxima complejidad, que permitiría alcanzar objetivos de alto nivel. Finalmente, se propone la utilización de simulaciones computacionales para estimar los alcances que podría tener una innovación en la interacción en aula.
In this paper an improved Fuzzy Rule-Based Trading Agent is presented. The proposal consists in a... more In this paper an improved Fuzzy Rule-Based Trading Agent is presented. The proposal consists in adding machine-learning-based methods to improve the overall performance of an automated agent that trades in futures markets. The modified Fuzzy Rule-Based Trading Agent has to decide whether to buy or sell goods, based on the spot and futures time series, gaining a profit from the price speculation. The proposal consists first in changing the membership functions of the fuzzy inference model (Gaussian and Sigmoidal, instead of triangular and trapezoidal). Then using the NFAR (Neuro-Fuzzy Autoregressive) model the relevant lags of the time series are detected, and finally a fuzzy inference system (Self-Organizing Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) is implemented to aid the decision making process of the agent. Experimental results demonstrate that with the addition of these techniques, the improved agent considerably outperforms the original one.
Inside a classroom there are many individual as well as social processes, which are integrated in... more Inside a classroom there are many individual as well as social processes, which are integrated into a bigger one: education. When one analyzes a classroom and the dynamics that exists inside it, there is no doubt that one is in presence of a system, which is composed of individuals who influence each other, and from that interactions it emerges dynamics that cannot be explained only in terms of the isolated behaviour of each individual. Hence, when speaking of human behaviour systems, as it happens in a classroom, it naturally emerges a link to complex systems, i.e. those systems which are composed of interacting and excitable parts. This interaction creates non-linear behaviour, which is not exactly predictable. This new understanding of natural phenomena has merged many different disciplines into a coherent frame, which has helped to find important common ground among them. The present paper aims at providing the elements which allow us to understand the educational phenomena in the classroom as characteristic behaviour of complex systems. At the same time, the paper introduces a tool which makes possible to model the behaviour inside a classroom, including its inherent complexity.
Generally, concepts are treated as individual-level phenomena. Here, we develop an ABM that treat... more Generally, concepts are treated as individual-level phenomena. Here, we develop an ABM that treats concepts as group-level phenomena. We make simple assumptions: (1) Different versions exist of one similar conceptualization, (2) When we infer that our view agrees with someone else's view, we are subject to true agreement (i.e., we really share the concept with probability p(a1), but also to illusory agreement (i.e., we do not really share the concept) with probability p(a2), (3) Regardless whether agreement is true or illusory, it strengthens a concept's salience in individual minds, and increases the probability of seeking future interactions with that person or source of information. When agents interact using these rules, our ABM shows that three dynamics emerge, depending on the combination of values that p(a1) and p(a2) may take. In general: (a) for high values of p(a1) and p(a2), all versions of the same conceptualization strengthen their salience, (b) for medium values of p(a1) and p(a2), some versions strengthen while others weaken their salience, (c) for low values of p(a1) and p(a2), all versions weaken their salience. To further analyze these initial results, we performed additional experiments varying the number of different versions of the concepts and the initial strength of them. The analyses show that as the number of different versions of concepts decreases, the type of dynamic obtained mainly depends on the initial strength of the concepts. Contrarily, as the number of versions increases, the influence of p(a1) and p(a2) on the dynamics augments. Those results allow the derivation of intuitively correct predictions that support our model's face validity. We believe the ABM may explain the spread or demise of conceptualizations in social groups, and the emergence of polarized social views, all important issues to sociology and psychology.
This review examined the main ndings that have emerged in the last decade in relation to Positiv... more This review examined the main ndings that have emerged in the last decade in relation to Positive Psychology. The article includes a revision of theories and empirical data on happiness and subjective well-being of people. In this literature, there is a tendency to focus on mostly individual aspects. This focus raises some questions about the current body of empirical evidence. Because of the focus on individual aspects, important factors such as culture are not frequently considered in Positive Psychology. Thus, we review studies that focus on sociocultural issues and we observe that culture can have an impact on happiness. In this article we promote an insight that integrates cultural aspects to investigate these issues.
La presente revisión analizó los principales hallazgos que han surgido en la última década en relación con la Psicología Positiva. Esta revisión incluye teorías y datos empíricos sobre la felicidad y el bienestar subjetivo de las personas. En esta literatura se percibe una cierta tendencia a enfocarse en sus aspectos individuales, lo que genera interrogantes sobre cuáles y de dónde provienen los datos que respaldan sus conclusiones. En paralelo, de las investigaciones socioculturales se desprende que la cultura in uye en las personas y, por ende, en su felicidad, aspectos no siempre considerados explícitamente en la literatura sobre felicidad. En el presente artículo se promueve una mirada complementaria que integre aspectos culturales al investigar sobre estas temáticas, logrando así que sus resultados se ajusten de mejor manera a las particularidades de la cultura.
Resumen: El presente artículo propone la reflexión sobre la complejidad inherente a la dinámica d... more Resumen: El presente artículo propone la reflexión sobre la complejidad inherente a la dinámica de los grupos humanos, entre ellos, la interacción dentro de una sala de clases. Se muestra cómo las estrategias de la planificación extrema o de la improvisación absoluta pueden tener consecuencias nefastas para los procesos educativos. Precisamente, en el punto intermedio entre el completo orden y el desorden total, se encontraría la máxima complejidad, que permitiría alcanzar objetivos de alto nivel. Finalmente, se propone la utilización de simulaciones computacionales para estimar los alcances que podría tener una innovación en la interacción en aula.
In this paper an improved Fuzzy Rule-Based Trading Agent is presented. The proposal consists in a... more In this paper an improved Fuzzy Rule-Based Trading Agent is presented. The proposal consists in adding machine-learning-based methods to improve the overall performance of an automated agent that trades in futures markets. The modified Fuzzy Rule-Based Trading Agent has to decide whether to buy or sell goods, based on the spot and futures time series, gaining a profit from the price speculation. The proposal consists first in changing the membership functions of the fuzzy inference model (Gaussian and Sigmoidal, instead of triangular and trapezoidal). Then using the NFAR (Neuro-Fuzzy Autoregressive) model the relevant lags of the time series are detected, and finally a fuzzy inference system (Self-Organizing Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) is implemented to aid the decision making process of the agent. Experimental results demonstrate that with the addition of these techniques, the improved agent considerably outperforms the original one.
Inside a classroom there are many individual as well as social processes, which are integrated in... more Inside a classroom there are many individual as well as social processes, which are integrated into a bigger one: education. When one analyzes a classroom and the dynamics that exists inside it, there is no doubt that one is in presence of a system, which is composed of individuals who influence each other, and from that interactions it emerges dynamics that cannot be explained only in terms of the isolated behaviour of each individual. Hence, when speaking of human behaviour systems, as it happens in a classroom, it naturally emerges a link to complex systems, i.e. those systems which are composed of interacting and excitable parts. This interaction creates non-linear behaviour, which is not exactly predictable. This new understanding of natural phenomena has merged many different disciplines into a coherent frame, which has helped to find important common ground among them. The present paper aims at providing the elements which allow us to understand the educational phenomena in the classroom as characteristic behaviour of complex systems. At the same time, the paper introduces a tool which makes possible to model the behaviour inside a classroom, including its inherent complexity.
Generally, concepts are treated as individual-level phenomena. Here, we develop an ABM that treat... more Generally, concepts are treated as individual-level phenomena. Here, we develop an ABM that treats concepts as group-level phenomena. We make simple assumptions: (1) Different versions exist of one similar conceptualization, (2) When we infer that our view agrees with someone else's view, we are subject to true agreement (i.e., we really share the concept with probability p(a1), but also to illusory agreement (i.e., we do not really share the concept) with probability p(a2), (3) Regardless whether agreement is true or illusory, it strengthens a concept's salience in individual minds, and increases the probability of seeking future interactions with that person or source of information. When agents interact using these rules, our ABM shows that three dynamics emerge, depending on the combination of values that p(a1) and p(a2) may take. In general: (a) for high values of p(a1) and p(a2), all versions of the same conceptualization strengthen their salience, (b) for medium values of p(a1) and p(a2), some versions strengthen while others weaken their salience, (c) for low values of p(a1) and p(a2), all versions weaken their salience. To further analyze these initial results, we performed additional experiments varying the number of different versions of the concepts and the initial strength of them. The analyses show that as the number of different versions of concepts decreases, the type of dynamic obtained mainly depends on the initial strength of the concepts. Contrarily, as the number of versions increases, the influence of p(a1) and p(a2) on the dynamics augments. Those results allow the derivation of intuitively correct predictions that support our model's face validity. We believe the ABM may explain the spread or demise of conceptualizations in social groups, and the emergence of polarized social views, all important issues to sociology and psychology.
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Papers by Ariel Quezada
La presente revisión analizó los principales hallazgos que han surgido en la última década en relación con la Psicología Positiva. Esta revisión incluye teorías y datos empíricos sobre la felicidad y el bienestar subjetivo de las personas. En esta literatura se percibe una cierta tendencia a enfocarse en sus aspectos individuales, lo que genera interrogantes sobre cuáles y de dónde provienen los datos que respaldan sus conclusiones. En paralelo, de las investigaciones socioculturales se desprende que la cultura in uye en las personas y, por ende, en su felicidad, aspectos no siempre considerados explícitamente en la literatura sobre felicidad. En el presente artículo se promueve una mirada complementaria que integre aspectos culturales al investigar sobre estas temáticas, logrando así que sus resultados se ajusten de mejor manera a las particularidades de la cultura.
La presente revisión analizó los principales hallazgos que han surgido en la última década en relación con la Psicología Positiva. Esta revisión incluye teorías y datos empíricos sobre la felicidad y el bienestar subjetivo de las personas. En esta literatura se percibe una cierta tendencia a enfocarse en sus aspectos individuales, lo que genera interrogantes sobre cuáles y de dónde provienen los datos que respaldan sus conclusiones. En paralelo, de las investigaciones socioculturales se desprende que la cultura in uye en las personas y, por ende, en su felicidad, aspectos no siempre considerados explícitamente en la literatura sobre felicidad. En el presente artículo se promueve una mirada complementaria que integre aspectos culturales al investigar sobre estas temáticas, logrando así que sus resultados se ajusten de mejor manera a las particularidades de la cultura.