Papers by Javier Chavez
Back to the Sense of the City: International Monograph Book
Homeownership has become a crucial element in constructing and confirming social position in west... more Homeownership has become a crucial element in constructing and confirming social position in western societies. Housing can be an effective social mobility strategy. In the societies of developing countries, however, the potentially positive effects of homeownership might be hindered by financial conditions and quality of housing to which large population sectors can have access. Taking into account the main implications of housing access for social welfare and the unwanted effects produced by national housing policy in Mexico, due to the distortions of the housing and land markets, is necessary to assess if such a policy has produced the desired positive effects in terms of social mobility and if those are being perceived so by the beneficiary population. Thus, the objective of this study is to assess the perception of social mobility derived from the access to social housing in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua from 2002 to 2010. For this purpose, we derive and represent spatially three in...
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Land cover change associated to urbanization processes represents one of the most insidious forms... more Land cover change associated to urbanization processes represents one of the most insidious forms of ecosystem alteration and links frequently to other types of environmental degradation. Timely and accurate remotely sensed detection of land cover change is therefore an essential requirement for a better understanding of coupled natural and human systems in urban expansion areas. Landscape dynamics represent the spatio-temporal manifestations of land cover change and are potentially useful to track the capacity of natural ecosystems to perform intrinsic functions that support socioeconomic systems. This capacity can be affected when changes occur in areas with highly vulnerable environmental conditions, such as in desert regions. Accelerated and miss-planned urban growth in the Mexican border region of Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua threats surrounding desert ecosystems viability and jeopardizes the provision of supporting environmental services. In this work, we used an integrated remote sensing approach to assess land cover change from high-resolution imagery and to derive metrics to evaluate landscape attributes and dynamic during a five-year period. Landscape attributes were estimated for each of the observation dates and potential changes in landscape function and structure were evaluated. We found an increasing trend in landscape fragmentation, which might be related to many of the environmental problems faced by the city, including atmospheric and surface water pollution, and flood risk. An extended period of analysis and more detailed data are, however, essential to establish more robust relationships between the character of the recent urbanization process and the landscape dynamics in the region.
Terra Plural, 2016
As the main interest of this article, the results of a study that reviews social mobility in Ciud... more As the main interest of this article, the results of a study that reviews social mobility in Ciudad Juárez during the period 2002-2010 are reported, following the acquisition of new housing. In the context of housing policies, perhaps as a result of it, to meet the shortfall has been identified in Mexico, increased in Ciudad Juárez, the production of social housing-principally-during this period. We assume that changing housing, social mobility of a family should be improved. Under this assumption, we scrutinize some aspects of social mobility as components of the change in the living conditions of those who purchase a new home in the real estate market in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México (2002-2010).
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2007
Traffic-related emissions have been associated with respiratory symptoms in some studies. However... more Traffic-related emissions have been associated with respiratory symptoms in some studies. However, there is limited information on how traffic-related emissions relate to lung function and airway inflammation. To determine the differential association of traffic-related exposures with exhaled nitric oxide (NO) and lung volumes and symptoms in children with and without asthma. We performed a longitudinal study of 200 children from ages 6 to 12 years of whom half had physician-diagnosed asthma. Two-week NO(2) and 48-hour average levels of elemental carbon and particulate matter of less than 2.5 microm (PM(2.5)) were measured at participating schools. Road and traffic densities were determined at schools and at each participant's house. In children with asthma, an interquartile increase in road density within the 50-, 100-, and 200-m home buffer areas was associated with increased exhaled NO (50 m: 28%; P = 0.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3-60; 100 m: 27%; P = 0.005; 95% CI, 8-49; 200 m: 17%, P = 0.09, 95% CI, -2 to 40), and reduced FEV(1) (50 m: -0.091 L; P = 0.038; 95% CI, -0.174 to -0.007; 100 m: -0.072 L, P = -0.028, 95% CI, -0.134 to -0.009; 200 m: -0.106 L, P = 0.002, 95% CI, -0.171 to -0.041]). Exposure to NO(2) at schools was marginally associated with reduced FEV(1) (-0.020; P = 0.060; 95% CI, -0.042 to 0.001). We did not observe significant associations with PM(2.5) or elemental carbon on exhaled NO. We did not observe significant reductions in lung volumes or changes in exhaled NO among healthy children. Vehicular traffic exposures are associated with increased levels of exhaled NO and reduced lung volumes in children with asthma.
Journal of Borderlands Studies, 2001
Abstract The maquiladora (maquila) economy has brought enormous change to Mexico's northern ... more Abstract The maquiladora (maquila) economy has brought enormous change to Mexico's northern border region during the last few decades. Scholars have studied many aspects of the region's maquila economy, including bi-national trade, a range of environmental ...
Journal of Borderlands Studies, 2010
The maquiladora (maquila) economy has brought enormous change to Mexico's northern border re... more The maquiladora (maquila) economy has brought enormous change to Mexico's northern border region during the last few decades. Scholars have studied many aspects of the region's maquila economy, including bi-national trade, a range of environmental ...
Urban Geography, 2004
... Despite these worthwhile efforts, we know little about the extent to which globaliza-tion has... more ... Despite these worthwhile efforts, we know little about the extent to which globaliza-tion has affected all people living in Ciudad Juárez. ... Deprivation research is more prevalent in Europe and Canada (Townsend, 1979; Nolan and Whelan, 1996; Sloggett and Joshi, 1998), but is ...
vivienda y Comunidades Sustentables, 2019
Con enfoque en la movilidad social como posible indicador de bienestar para los ocupantes de la v... more Con enfoque en la movilidad social como posible indicador de bienestar para los ocupantes de la vivienda de interés social, en este trabajo registramos resultados de un estudio que revisa las condiciones de movilidad social en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, durante el periodo 2002- 2010, como consecuencia de la adquisición de vivienda nueva. Se toma en cuenta este periodo porque coincide con el de aplicación de la política nacional de vivienda impulsada en México durante los mismos años. Los resultados de este análisis reflejan los efectos de la política, diseñada en primer término para afrontar el déficit de vivienda que se ha identficado en México. Para el análisis utilizamos la variable del cambio de vivienda como indicador de la movilidad social, en el supuesto de que mudarse a una casa nueva debería significar una mejora en la calidad de vida de una familia. Utilizando este y otros supuestos, analizamos si la movilidad social presenta componentes de ese cambio en la vida de los habitantes, al aprovechar las múltiples ofertas del mercado inmobiliario en Ciudad Juárez.
While urbanization in Mexico's northern border region is long-standing, the pace of urban... more While urbanization in Mexico's northern border region is long-standing, the pace of urbanization has increased significantly in recent years. Many observers acknowledge the rise in urbanization, but few have examined how it is affecting Mexico's northern border cities. This dissertation fills the void by investigating the effects of rapid urbanization in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México. I focus on Ciudad Juárez because; 1] it is the fastest growing border city, and; 2] processes fueling growth in Ciudad Juárez are shared by many other Mexican border cities. The dissertation focuses on two principal aspects of urbanization in Ciudad Juárez: urban morphology (i.e., land use) and the changing socio-spatial complexion of the city. In the first instance, I investigate whether population growth and expansion of the maquiladora (maquila) economy "distorted" the development of residential and commercial land use during the period 1988-1993. The analysis builds on the comparison of land use change in Ciudad Juárez versus three cities located in Mexico's interior. In the second instance, I develop a socio-spatial deprivation index to investigate whether population growth and industrialization (the maquila economy) have affected social conditions in the city's neighborhoods. The deprivation index incorporates many types of data (variables) that are organized within a GIS platform. The analysis is dynamic, and uses the deprivation index to monitor socio-spatial change during the period 1990-1995. The results demonstrate how rapid urbanization has affected Ciudad Juárez. In terms of morphology, the analysis shows that residential land has developed more 12 quickly than expected, given rates of growth in non-border cities. In contrast, the development of commercial land use lags well behind non-border cities. In effect, proximity to the border has distorted development of both residential and commercial land uses. My analysis provides specific measures of these distortions. In the second case, population growth and industrialization have changed the social complexion of the city's neighborhoods. While it is difficult to discern whether these factors improved or worsened conditions at the neighborhood scale, the deprivation index shows clearly that neighborhood change is extensive and, as such, warrants closer inspection in subsequent research.
C Ce en nt tr ro o d de e I In nf fo or rm ma ac ci ió ón n G Ge eo og gr rá áf fi ic ca a, , U U... more C Ce en nt tr ro o d de e I In nf fo or rm ma ac ci ió ón n G Ge eo og gr rá áf fi ic ca a, , U Un ni iv ve er rs si id da ad d A Au ut tó ón no om ma a d de e C Ci iu ud da ad d J Ju uá ár re ez z. . A Al lf fr re ed do o G Gr ra an na ad do os s O Ol li iv va as s, , P Pr ro of fe es ss so or r o of f H Hy yd dr ro ol lo og gy y a an nd d G GI IS S C Co oo or rd di in na at to or r P Pa an n--A Am me er ri ic ca an n C Ce en nt te er r f fo or r E Ea ar rt th h a an nd d E En nv vi ir ro on nm me en nt ta al l S Sc ci ie en nc ce es s, , U Un ni iv ve er rs si it ty y o of f T Te ex xa as s a at t E El l P Pa as so o Raed Aldouri, S So of ft tw wa ar re e E En ng gi in ne ee er r D Dr r. . R Ra an nd dy y K Ke el ll le er r, , P Pr ro oj je ec ct t M Ma an na ag ge er r F Fo or r t th he e: : P Pa as so o d de el l N No or rt te e W Wa at te er r T Ta as sk k F Fo or rc ce e M Ma ay y 2 20 00 02 2 T Th he e r re es se ea ar rc ch h o on n w wh hi ic ch h t th hi is s r re ep po or rt t i is s b ba as se ed d w wa as s f fi in na an nc ce ed d i in n p pa ar rt t b by y t th he e W Wi il ll li ia am m a an nd d F Fl lo or ra a H He ew wl le et tt t F Fo ou un nd da at ti io on n. . ii D DI IS SC CL LA AI IM ME ER R T Th hi is s r re ep po or rt t i is s p pu ub bl li is sh he ed d b by y t th he e W Wa at te er r R Re es so ou ur rc ce es s R Re es se ea ar rc ch h I In ns st ti it tu ut te e, , N Ne ew w M Me ex xi ic co o S St ta at te e U Un ni iv ve er rs si it ty y o on n b be eh ha al lf f o of f t th he e t th hr re ee e c co oo op pe er ra at ti in ng g e en nt ti it ti ie es s: : New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute, New Mexico State University C Ce en nt tr ro o d de e I In nf fo or rm ma ac ci ió ón n G Ge eo og gr rá áf fi ic ca a, , U Un ni iv ve er rs si id da ad d A Au ut tó ón no om ma a d de e C Ci iu ud da ad d J Ju uá ár re ez z P Pa an n--A Am me er ri ic ca an n C Ce en nt te er r f fo or r E Ea ar rt th h a an nd d E En nv vi ir ro on nm me en nt ta al l S Sc ci ie en nc ce es s, , U Un ni iv ve er rs si it ty y o of f T Te ex xa as s a at t E El l P Pa as so o T Th he e p pu ur rp po os se e o of f t th he es se e t te ec ch hn ni ic ca al l r re ep po or rt ts s i is s t to o p pr ro ov vi id de e a a t ti im me el ly y o ou ut tl le et t f fo or r r re es se ea ar rc ch h r re es su ul lt ts s o ob bt ta ai in ne ed d o on n p pr ro oj je ec ct ts s s su up pp po or rt te ed d i in n w wh ho ol le e o or r i in n p pa ar rt t b by y t th he e i in ns st ti it tu ut te e. . T Th hr ro ou ug gh h t th he es se e r re ep po or rt ts s, , w we e a ar re e p pr ro om mo ot ti in ng g t th he e f fr re ee e e ex xc ch ha an ng ge e o of f i in nf fo or rm ma at ti io on n a an nd d i id de ea as s, , a an nd d h ho op pe e t to o s st ti im mu ul la at te e t th ho ou ug gh ht tf fu ul l d di is sc cu us ss si io on ns s a an nd d a ac ct ti io on ns s t th ha at t m ma ay y l le ea ad d t to o r re es so ol lu ut ti io on n o of f w wa at te er r p pr ro ob bl le em ms s. . T Th hr ro ou ug gh h p pe ee er r r re ev vi ie ew w o of f d dr ra af ft t r re ep po or rt ts s, , c co on ns si id de er ra ab bl le e a at tt te em mp pt ts s a ar re e m ma ad de e t to o s su ub bs st ta an nt ti ia at te e t th he e a ac cc cu ur ra ac cy y o of f i in nf fo or rm ma at ti io on n c co on nt ta ai in ne ed d i in n i it ts s r re ep po or rt ts s, , b bu ut t t th he e v vi ie ew ws s e ex xp pr re es ss se ed d a ar re e t th ho os se e o of f t th he e a au ut th ho or rs s a an nd d d do o n no ot t n ne ec ce es ss sa ar ri il ly y r re ef fl le ec ct t t th ho os se e o of f t th he e c co oo op pe er ra at ti in ng g e en nt ti it ti ie es s. . C Co on nt te en nt ts s o of f t th hi is s p pu ub bl li ic ca at ti io on n d do o n no ot t n ne ec ce es ss sa ar ri il ly y r re ef fl le ec ct t t th he e v vi ie ew ws s a an nd d p po ol li ic ci ie es s o of f t th he e r re es sp pe ec ct ti iv ve e S St ta at te e o or r F Fe ed de er ra al l G Go ov ve er rn nm me en nt ts s, , n no or r d do oe es s t th he e m me en nt ti io on n o of f t tr ra ad de e n na am me es s o or r c co om mm me er rc ci ia al l p pr ro od du uc ct ts s c co on ns st ti it tu ut te e t th he ei ir r e en nd do or rs se em me en nt t b by y t th he e U Un ni it te ed d S St ta at te es s o or r M Me ex xi ic ca an n g go ov ve er rn nm me en nt ts s. . iii
The maquiladora (maquila) economy has brought enormous change to Mexico's northern border region ... more The maquiladora (maquila) economy has brought enormous change to Mexico's northern border region during the last few decades. Scholars have studied many aspects of the region's maquila economy, including bi‐national trade, a range of environmental issues, and social and cultural impacts arising from rapid industrialization. Few, however, have examined the relationship between industrialization and the development of urban land. We respond to this deficiency by investigating land use change in Ciudad Juárez, México, during the 1988-1993 period. Two objectives guide the research. First, we document the extent to which the maquila economy has fostered rapid population growth and employment change in Ciudad Juárez and other Mexican border cities. Second, a simple simulation procedure is used to show how growth of the maquila economy has distorted residential and commercial land development in the city. The results indicate that during the 1988-1993 period residential land in the city was “overdeveloped” while commercial land was “underdeveloped.” The results offer important clues for understanding the impacts of rapid industrialization, and for guiding urban planning efforts in Mexican border cities.
Urban Geography, 2004
... Despite these worthwhile efforts, we know little about the extent to which globaliza-tion has... more ... Despite these worthwhile efforts, we know little about the extent to which globaliza-tion has affected all people living in Ciudad Juárez. ... Deprivation research is more prevalent in Europe and Canada (Townsend, 1979; Nolan and Whelan, 1996; Sloggett and Joshi, 1998), but is ...
Papers - publicaciones by Javier Chavez
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Papers by Javier Chavez
Papers - publicaciones by Javier Chavez