La historia política del siglo XIX español se caracteriza por su agitación y, por el continuo got... more La historia política del siglo XIX español se caracteriza por su agitación y, por el continuo goteo de liberales fuera de las fronteras españolas, en especial durante la década de los años 20. Bien estudiado y conocido de todos ha sido el exilio español en tierras inglesas, francesas y americanas pero más extrañas son las investigaciones de ese mismo exilio en el continente africano que, efectivamente, registró escasas llegadas pero muy significativas. Significativas porque la mayor parte de quienes eligieron Marruecos o algún otro país árabe para su destierro lo hicieron con la secreta esperanza de regresar a España inscritos en algún movimiento de tipo insurreccional. El artículo da noticia de un testimonio singular sobre esta situación escrito en forma de memoria seminovelada por su protagonista: un caballero culto y liberal de San Clemente (Cuenca) que permanece tres años en Marruecos fugado, renegado, convertido en médico y colaborando en una conspiración capitaneada, nada menos, que por el general Torrijos. Una descripción del contenido de la obra y su posterior recepción en la España de Isabel II son, pues, los temas centrales del presente trabajo.
Graphene-based materials (GBMs) are a broad family of novel carbon-based nanomaterials with many ... more Graphene-based materials (GBMs) are a broad family of novel carbon-based nanomaterials with many nanotechnology applications. The increasing market of GBMs raises concerns on their possible impact on human health. Here, we review the existing literature on the genotoxic potential of GBMs over the last ten years. A total of 50 articles including in vitro, in vivo, in silico, and human biomonitoring studies were selected. Graphene oxides were the most analyzed materials, followed by reduced graphene oxides. Most of the evaluations were performed in vitro using the comet assay (detecting DNA damage). The micronucleus assay (detecting chromosome damage) was the most used validated assay, whereas only two publications reported results on mammalian gene mutations. The same material was rarely assessed with more than one assay. Despite inhalation being the main exposure route in occupational settings, only one in vivo study used intratracheal instillation, and another one reported human bi...
Background The increasing accumulation of plastic waste and the widespread presence of its deriva... more Background The increasing accumulation of plastic waste and the widespread presence of its derivatives, micro- and nanoplastics (MNPLs), call for an urgent evaluation of their potential health risks. In the environment, MNPLs coexist with other known hazardous contaminants and, thus, an interesting question arises as to whether MNPLs can act as carriers of such pollutants, modulating their uptake and their harmful effects. In this context, we have examined the interaction and joint effects of two relevant water contaminants: arsenic and polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPLs), this last being a model of nanoplastic. Methods Since both agents are persistent pollutants, the potential effects have been evaluated under a chronic exposure scenario and measuring different effect biomarkers involved in the cell transformation process. Thus, cells previously transformed by chronic arsenic exposure were further exposed to PSNPLs, arsenic, and the combination PSNPLs/arsenic for 12 weeks. Results In...
Accumulation of plastic and its derivatives, micro- and nanoplastics (MNPLs), is a substantial en... more Accumulation of plastic and its derivatives, micro- and nanoplastics (MNPLs), is a substantial environmental and ecological problem that could potentially become a serious health concern to humans.
The increasing presence of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPLs) in the environment, and their conseque... more The increasing presence of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPLs) in the environment, and their consequent accumulation in trophic niches, could pose a potential health threat to humans, especially due to their chronic ingestion. In vitro studies using human cells are considered pertinent approaches to determine potential health risks to humans. Nevertheless, most of such studies have been conducted using short exposure times and high concentrations. Since human exposure to MNPLs is supposed to be chronic, there is a lack of information regarding the potential in vitro MNPLs effects under chronic exposure conditions. To this aim, we assessed the accumulation and potential outcomes of polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs), as a model of MNPLs, in undifferentiated Caco-2 cells (as models of cell target in ingestion exposures) under a relevant long-term exposure scenario, consisting of eight weeks of exposure to sub-toxic PSNPs concentrations. In such exposure conditions, culture-media was change...
Nanomaterials in general and cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) in particular are of great interest not... more Nanomaterials in general and cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) in particular are of great interest not only because of their multiple applications and environmental impact, but also for their potential toxicity and safety issues.
In vitro models of the intestinal barrier are being increasingly used to evaluate nanoparticles (... more In vitro models of the intestinal barrier are being increasingly used to evaluate nanoparticles (NPs) exposure risk. Nevertheless, most of these studies have focused on short-term exposures lasting no more than 24 h of duration, which could underestimate the toxic effects of a given compound under a more realistic setting. Since the assessment of longer exposure time-points is crucial to evaluate the risk of cumulative exposure to NPs, we have analyzed the effects of AgNPs at different exposure time-points between 6 h and 4 days on the barrier model system constituted by Caco-2/HT29 cells. Our results indicate that i) the system is stable during this time frame; ii) AgNPs affect the barrier's integrity only at the highest concentration tested (100 µg/mL), and only after 96 h of exposure; iii) cellular uptake of AgNPs showed a time-dependent and concentrationdependent increase; iv) translocation through the barrier was only observed at the highest concentration and only after 96 h of exposure; v) the expression of genes involved in the barrier's structure differs depending on the exposure time analyzed. All these results reinforce our proposal of expanding exposure times beyond 24 h when performing assays for hazard assessment of NPs using in vitro models of the intestinal barrier.
Valle Inclan En El Siglo Xxi Actas Del Segundo Congreso Internacional Celebrado Los Dias 20 21 Y 22 De Noviembre De 2002 En La Universitat Autonoma De Barcelona 2004 Isbn 84 8485 151 6 Pags 333 348, 2004
La historia política del siglo XIX español se caracteriza por su agitación y, por el continuo got... more La historia política del siglo XIX español se caracteriza por su agitación y, por el continuo goteo de liberales fuera de las fronteras españolas, en especial durante la década de los años 20. Bien estudiado y conocido de todos ha sido el exilio español en tierras inglesas, francesas y americanas pero más extrañas son las investigaciones de ese mismo exilio en el continente africano que, efectivamente, registró escasas llegadas pero muy significativas. Significativas porque la mayor parte de quienes eligieron Marruecos o algún otro país árabe para su destierro lo hicieron con la secreta esperanza de regresar a España inscritos en algún movimiento de tipo insurreccional. El artículo da noticia de un testimonio singular sobre esta situación escrito en forma de memoria seminovelada por su protagonista: un caballero culto y liberal de San Clemente (Cuenca) que permanece tres años en Marruecos fugado, renegado, convertido en médico y colaborando en una conspiración capitaneada, nada menos, que por el general Torrijos. Una descripción del contenido de la obra y su posterior recepción en la España de Isabel II son, pues, los temas centrales del presente trabajo.
Graphene-based materials (GBMs) are a broad family of novel carbon-based nanomaterials with many ... more Graphene-based materials (GBMs) are a broad family of novel carbon-based nanomaterials with many nanotechnology applications. The increasing market of GBMs raises concerns on their possible impact on human health. Here, we review the existing literature on the genotoxic potential of GBMs over the last ten years. A total of 50 articles including in vitro, in vivo, in silico, and human biomonitoring studies were selected. Graphene oxides were the most analyzed materials, followed by reduced graphene oxides. Most of the evaluations were performed in vitro using the comet assay (detecting DNA damage). The micronucleus assay (detecting chromosome damage) was the most used validated assay, whereas only two publications reported results on mammalian gene mutations. The same material was rarely assessed with more than one assay. Despite inhalation being the main exposure route in occupational settings, only one in vivo study used intratracheal instillation, and another one reported human bi...
Background The increasing accumulation of plastic waste and the widespread presence of its deriva... more Background The increasing accumulation of plastic waste and the widespread presence of its derivatives, micro- and nanoplastics (MNPLs), call for an urgent evaluation of their potential health risks. In the environment, MNPLs coexist with other known hazardous contaminants and, thus, an interesting question arises as to whether MNPLs can act as carriers of such pollutants, modulating their uptake and their harmful effects. In this context, we have examined the interaction and joint effects of two relevant water contaminants: arsenic and polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPLs), this last being a model of nanoplastic. Methods Since both agents are persistent pollutants, the potential effects have been evaluated under a chronic exposure scenario and measuring different effect biomarkers involved in the cell transformation process. Thus, cells previously transformed by chronic arsenic exposure were further exposed to PSNPLs, arsenic, and the combination PSNPLs/arsenic for 12 weeks. Results In...
Accumulation of plastic and its derivatives, micro- and nanoplastics (MNPLs), is a substantial en... more Accumulation of plastic and its derivatives, micro- and nanoplastics (MNPLs), is a substantial environmental and ecological problem that could potentially become a serious health concern to humans.
The increasing presence of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPLs) in the environment, and their conseque... more The increasing presence of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPLs) in the environment, and their consequent accumulation in trophic niches, could pose a potential health threat to humans, especially due to their chronic ingestion. In vitro studies using human cells are considered pertinent approaches to determine potential health risks to humans. Nevertheless, most of such studies have been conducted using short exposure times and high concentrations. Since human exposure to MNPLs is supposed to be chronic, there is a lack of information regarding the potential in vitro MNPLs effects under chronic exposure conditions. To this aim, we assessed the accumulation and potential outcomes of polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs), as a model of MNPLs, in undifferentiated Caco-2 cells (as models of cell target in ingestion exposures) under a relevant long-term exposure scenario, consisting of eight weeks of exposure to sub-toxic PSNPs concentrations. In such exposure conditions, culture-media was change...
Nanomaterials in general and cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) in particular are of great interest not... more Nanomaterials in general and cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) in particular are of great interest not only because of their multiple applications and environmental impact, but also for their potential toxicity and safety issues.
In vitro models of the intestinal barrier are being increasingly used to evaluate nanoparticles (... more In vitro models of the intestinal barrier are being increasingly used to evaluate nanoparticles (NPs) exposure risk. Nevertheless, most of these studies have focused on short-term exposures lasting no more than 24 h of duration, which could underestimate the toxic effects of a given compound under a more realistic setting. Since the assessment of longer exposure time-points is crucial to evaluate the risk of cumulative exposure to NPs, we have analyzed the effects of AgNPs at different exposure time-points between 6 h and 4 days on the barrier model system constituted by Caco-2/HT29 cells. Our results indicate that i) the system is stable during this time frame; ii) AgNPs affect the barrier's integrity only at the highest concentration tested (100 µg/mL), and only after 96 h of exposure; iii) cellular uptake of AgNPs showed a time-dependent and concentrationdependent increase; iv) translocation through the barrier was only observed at the highest concentration and only after 96 h of exposure; v) the expression of genes involved in the barrier's structure differs depending on the exposure time analyzed. All these results reinforce our proposal of expanding exposure times beyond 24 h when performing assays for hazard assessment of NPs using in vitro models of the intestinal barrier.
Valle Inclan En El Siglo Xxi Actas Del Segundo Congreso Internacional Celebrado Los Dias 20 21 Y 22 De Noviembre De 2002 En La Universitat Autonoma De Barcelona 2004 Isbn 84 8485 151 6 Pags 333 348, 2004
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