El presente trabajo busca identificar los mecanismos que definen el agrado (gusto) y desagrado (d... more El presente trabajo busca identificar los mecanismos que definen el agrado (gusto) y desagrado (disgusto) de la audiencia<br> lesbiana en la recepción de obras audiovisuales ambientadas en comunidades de lesbianas. Tras el visionado de dos<br> historias construidas a partir de la serie The L Word, se entrevistaron en profundidad a 25 lesbianas. A continuación, se realizó un<br> análisis de contenido cualitativo de las entrevistas. Los resultados se discuten desde las Teorías del Entretenimiento (Psicología de los medios)
This paper seeks to identify the mechanisms that define the pleasure (taste) and disgust (disgust... more This paper seeks to identify the mechanisms that define the pleasure (taste) and disgust (disgust) of the lesbian audience in receiving audiovisual set in lesbian communities. After viewing two stories constructed from the series The L Word, 25 lesbians WERE interviewed in depth. Next, we conducted a qualitative content anaLysis of the interviews. The results are discussed from the theories of Entertainment (Media Psychology).
We explore the effect of manifest sexual orientation and gender on the appreciation of lesbian na... more We explore the effect of manifest sexual orientation and gender on the appreciation of lesbian narratives using a mixed-methods approach. Appreciation is a psychological response to narratives that prompts a profound perception of meaning or a motivation to create reflections or thoughts among audiences. We conducted a quantitative study that offered magnitudes of the effects of consumption, and a qualitative study to find explanations for them. Results from both studies were interpreted in a complementary, concurrent fashion. The investigation shows that sexual orientation affects magnitudes of appreciation while gender does not. Homosexuals appreciate these narratives more than heterosexuals. The study also revealed the key role played by personal relevance in the appreciation of these narratives. Our investigation provides further proof of the complementariness of both methods and the appropriateness of their combined use. The Role of Sexual Orientation and Gender in the Apprecia...
This paper seeks to identify the mechanisms that define the pleasure (taste) and disgust (disgust... more This paper seeks to identify the mechanisms that define the pleasure (taste) and disgust (disgust) of the lesbian audience in receiving audiovisual set in lesbian communities. After viewing two stories constructed from the series The L Word, 25 lesbians WERE interviewed in depth. Next, we conducted a qualitative content anaLysis of the interviews. The results are discussed from the theories of Entertainment (Media Psychology).
Appreciation" is one of the factors that has recently been addressed in the study of psychologica... more Appreciation" is one of the factors that has recently been addressed in the study of psychological responses to entertainment. It is defined as a profound perception of meaning or a motivation to create thoughts and feelings aroused by the viewing experience. It is considered a positive evaluation of the consumption of films, motivated because the story teaches something, urges reflection, deeply touches, and is relevant to or has a special meaning for the viewer. 1 Appreciation is also defined as an audience response to entertainment portrayals concerned with the meaning of life and human existence. 2 It is related to feelings of inspiration, tenderness or awe produced by some films. Those emotions and reflections inspired by personal memories are considered able to serve as an incentive for personal growth and development. 3 Appreciation is affected by the genre of the film, but different genres can prompt it. Drama seems to trigger more reflective thoughts than comedy. A viewer can simultaneously enjoy and appreciate a film, because they are two different kinds of reaction. Appreciation is influenced by the plot, although an audience's personal characteristics mediate the effect. For example, those who intensely search for meaning in their lives enjoy films that reflect on the search for meaning in one's life. 4 However, because of the novelty of appreciation as a subject of study, there is a need for further investigation of this concept and its characteristics. 5 This investigation is designed to contribute to the understanding of appreciation as psychological response. It mainly aims to explore audience reception of audiovisual fictional narratives whose main characters are lesbians, and which depict stories set in lesbian communities. The study searches for differences and similarities in appreciation depending on the viewer's gender and their general sexual orientation (homosexuals or heterosexuals).
This article observes to what extent prejudice towards lesbians (homophobia) and the moral evalua... more This article observes to what extent prejudice towards lesbians (homophobia) and the moral evaluation of this sexual orientation affect responses to narratives about lesbians and towards their lesbian protagonists. Two hundred six students (79.6% women, M Age = 20.68, SD = 2.36, Rg Age = 18-33) of different sexual orientations completed a questionnaire that measured homophobia, the morality attributed to lesbians and familiarity with lesbians in everyday life. Following this, they watched a film about a lesbian community with a morally controversial lesbian protagonist. Later, they completed a questionnaire that measured the protagonist's attributes and characteristics, the perceived realism of the story, enjoyment and appreciation. Statistical analyses show that homophobia and morality impact on the evaluation of the lesbian protagonist's actions and attributes and enjoyment of the film. Nonetheless, homophobia, morality, familiarity with lesbians, and the gender and sexual orientation of the receiver do not impact on appreciation or perceived realism. In fact, appreciation and perceived realism are independent of attitudes towards lesbians. These results reveal the role of prejudice and morality in film reception. They also enable us to characterise enjoyment and appreciation of stories particularly about lesbians.
We explore factors affecting audience engagement in mainstream movies showing explicit lesbian se... more We explore factors affecting audience engagement in mainstream movies showing explicit lesbian sex. A total of 236 participants of different genders and sexual orientations completed a questionnaire measuring factors related to enjoyment immediately after watching La vie d'Adèle in commercial cinemas. Statistical analysis confirmed that positive audience engagement is explained by several factors: viewers considering that the sexual intercourse portrayed is not excessive, the artistic-dramatic justification of the scenes, the inspired appreciation, the perceived realism of the sex scenes and the sexual arousal experienced. Results also show that the use of lesbian sex as a lure is a crucial factor for eliciting enjoyment and appreciation of movies featuring images of explicit sex.
A preliminary study by Soto-Sanfiel et al. (2011) that explored engagement in narratives set in l... more A preliminary study by Soto-Sanfiel et al. (2011) that explored engagement in narratives set in lesbian communities concluded that the inclusion of sex scenes is influential on the enjoyment of these shows . Homosexual and heterosexuals of both sexes reported having enjoyed lesbian sexual act depiction to similar extent, although for different reasons. Lesbians enjoyed those scenes for two reasons: due to personal resonance and the novelty of the presence in mainstream media. Heterosexual men enjoyed them because they evoked a frequent sexual fantasy, said to be nurtured by male oriented pornography. In spite of that, and regardless of their genre and sexual orientation, all the participants of the study reported pleasant emotions while viewing lesbian sex making representations and considered this depiction a factor of enjoyment of the increasingly popular lesbian narratives. This study pretends to confirm those observations by conducting a research based on the French movie “La vi...
Introducción. Esta investigación observa la identificación de receptores homosexuales y heterosex... more Introducción. Esta investigación observa la identificación de receptores homosexuales y heterosexuales de ambos sexos con las protagonistas lesbianas de ficciones audiovisuales en España. Metodología. El estudio aplica un método mixto, compuesto por dos investigaciones independientes cuyos resultados se interpretan conjuntamente: la cuantitativa determina magnitudes de los efectos y la cualitativa los explica. Resultados. Los resultados muestran que el sexo del receptor no afecta a las magnitudes de la identificación, aunque sí a las razones por las que se produce; que la orientación sexual del receptor, en cambio, sí afecta, y que las reacciones de los hombres heterosexuales son significativamente más indiferentes. Además, revela que el peso en la identificación se halla en la empatía afectiva con los personajes. Discusión y Conclusiones. La aplicación de una metodología mixta aporta profundidad. El uso de escalas de identificación en la recolección de datos del cuantitativo obliga al participante a posicionarse dentro del rango de valores disponibles, pero las entrevistas del método cualitativo, permiten revelar la amplitud de significados vinculados a esos valores. Como se esperaba (H1), el contenido de la ficción afecta a la identificación con los personajes lesbianos. La protagonista moralmente más virtuosa induce a mayor identificación, y ésta se produce, además, por razones más homogéneas entre las poblaciones de distinto sexo u orientación sexual. Asimismo, se encuentran razones para refutar que el sexo del receptor afecta a la identificación con los personajes de lesbianas (H2). También, se confirma que existen diferencias en la identificación en función de la orientación sexual general (H3). Dichas diferencias, sin embargo, no se producen únicamente en las magnitudes generales, sino en las motivaciones para la identificación. La resonancia personal que evocan las historias y la similitud de las historias con experiencias propias, son los dos factores de peso en la identificación de los homosexuales. Además, se encuentra que estas narrativas son procesadas de forma distinta por homosexuales y
This study observed the effects of explicit sexual orientation in Appreciation by using a mixed q... more This study observed the effects of explicit sexual orientation in Appreciation by using a mixed qualitative and quantitative methodology in a complementary way: quantitative data provided information about general magnitudes of the influence, and qualitative data helped to confirm and give explanations about those observed effects. The study sought to know if there were differences in the meaningfulness (Appreciation) of lesbian world based narratives depending on whether audiences were homosexuals or heterosexuals. Appreciation is a concept just recently addressed by media reception scholars. It has been defined by Oliver and Bartsch (2011) as an audience’s response concerned with meaningfulness of the entertainment experience; with the moral legacy or gratification obtained from it. It is close to aspects such as significance, internal impact, reflection, personal relevance and/or life-learning derived from the consumption. In order to find answers for its main research question, ...
This study observed the effects of explicit sexual orientation in Appreciation by using a mixed q... more This study observed the effects of explicit sexual orientation in Appreciation by using a mixed qualitative and quantitative methodology in a complementary way: quantitative data provided information about general magnitudes of the influence, and qualitative data helped to confirm and give explanations about those observed effects. The study sought to know if there were differences in the meaningfulness (Appreciation) of lesbian world based narratives depending on whether audiences were homosexuals or heterosexuals. Appreciation is a concept just recently addressed by media reception scholars. It has been defined by Oliver and Bartsch (2011) as an audience’s response concerned with meaningfulness of the entertainment experience; with the moral legacy or gratification obtained from it. It is close to aspects such as significance, internal impact, reflection, personal relevance and/or life-learning derived from the consumption. In order to find answers for its main research question, ...
A preliminary study by Soto-Sanfiel et al. (2011) that explored engagement in narratives set in l... more A preliminary study by Soto-Sanfiel et al. (2011) that explored engagement in narratives set in lesbian communities concluded that the inclusion of sex scenes is influential on the enjoyment of these shows . Homosexual and heterosexuals of both sexes reported having enjoyed lesbian sexual act depiction to similar extent, although for different reasons. Lesbians enjoyed those scenes for two reasons: due to personal resonance and the novelty of the presence in mainstream media. Heterosexual men enjoyed them because they evoked a frequent sexual fantasy, said to be nurtured by male oriented pornography. In spite of that, and regardless of their genre and sexual orientation, all the participants of the study reported pleasant emotions while viewing lesbian sex making representations and considered this depiction a factor of enjoyment of the increasingly popular lesbian narratives. This study pretends to confirm those observations by conducting a research based on the French movie “La vi...
We explore the effect of manifest sexual orientation and gender on the appreciation of lesbian na... more We explore the effect of manifest sexual orientation and gender on the appreciation of lesbian narratives using a mixed-methods approach. Appreciation is a psychological response to narratives that prompts a profound perception of meaning or a motivation to create reflections or thoughts among audiences. We conducted a quantitative study that offered magnitudes of the effects of consumption, and a qualitative study to find explanations for them. Results from both studies were interpreted in a complementary, concurrent fashion. The investigation shows that sexual orientation affects magnitudes of appreciation while gender does not. Homosexuals appreciate these narratives more than heterosexuals. The study also revealed the key role played by personal relevance in the appreciation of these narratives. Our investigation provides further proof of the complementariness of both methods and the appropriateness of their combined use.
El presente trabajo busca identificar los mecanismos que definen el agrado (gusto) y desagrado (d... more El presente trabajo busca identificar los mecanismos que definen el agrado (gusto) y desagrado (disgusto) de la audiencia<br> lesbiana en la recepción de obras audiovisuales ambientadas en comunidades de lesbianas. Tras el visionado de dos<br> historias construidas a partir de la serie The L Word, se entrevistaron en profundidad a 25 lesbianas. A continuación, se realizó un<br> análisis de contenido cualitativo de las entrevistas. Los resultados se discuten desde las Teorías del Entretenimiento (Psicología de los medios)
This paper seeks to identify the mechanisms that define the pleasure (taste) and disgust (disgust... more This paper seeks to identify the mechanisms that define the pleasure (taste) and disgust (disgust) of the lesbian audience in receiving audiovisual set in lesbian communities. After viewing two stories constructed from the series The L Word, 25 lesbians WERE interviewed in depth. Next, we conducted a qualitative content anaLysis of the interviews. The results are discussed from the theories of Entertainment (Media Psychology).
We explore the effect of manifest sexual orientation and gender on the appreciation of lesbian na... more We explore the effect of manifest sexual orientation and gender on the appreciation of lesbian narratives using a mixed-methods approach. Appreciation is a psychological response to narratives that prompts a profound perception of meaning or a motivation to create reflections or thoughts among audiences. We conducted a quantitative study that offered magnitudes of the effects of consumption, and a qualitative study to find explanations for them. Results from both studies were interpreted in a complementary, concurrent fashion. The investigation shows that sexual orientation affects magnitudes of appreciation while gender does not. Homosexuals appreciate these narratives more than heterosexuals. The study also revealed the key role played by personal relevance in the appreciation of these narratives. Our investigation provides further proof of the complementariness of both methods and the appropriateness of their combined use. The Role of Sexual Orientation and Gender in the Apprecia...
This paper seeks to identify the mechanisms that define the pleasure (taste) and disgust (disgust... more This paper seeks to identify the mechanisms that define the pleasure (taste) and disgust (disgust) of the lesbian audience in receiving audiovisual set in lesbian communities. After viewing two stories constructed from the series The L Word, 25 lesbians WERE interviewed in depth. Next, we conducted a qualitative content anaLysis of the interviews. The results are discussed from the theories of Entertainment (Media Psychology).
Appreciation" is one of the factors that has recently been addressed in the study of psychologica... more Appreciation" is one of the factors that has recently been addressed in the study of psychological responses to entertainment. It is defined as a profound perception of meaning or a motivation to create thoughts and feelings aroused by the viewing experience. It is considered a positive evaluation of the consumption of films, motivated because the story teaches something, urges reflection, deeply touches, and is relevant to or has a special meaning for the viewer. 1 Appreciation is also defined as an audience response to entertainment portrayals concerned with the meaning of life and human existence. 2 It is related to feelings of inspiration, tenderness or awe produced by some films. Those emotions and reflections inspired by personal memories are considered able to serve as an incentive for personal growth and development. 3 Appreciation is affected by the genre of the film, but different genres can prompt it. Drama seems to trigger more reflective thoughts than comedy. A viewer can simultaneously enjoy and appreciate a film, because they are two different kinds of reaction. Appreciation is influenced by the plot, although an audience's personal characteristics mediate the effect. For example, those who intensely search for meaning in their lives enjoy films that reflect on the search for meaning in one's life. 4 However, because of the novelty of appreciation as a subject of study, there is a need for further investigation of this concept and its characteristics. 5 This investigation is designed to contribute to the understanding of appreciation as psychological response. It mainly aims to explore audience reception of audiovisual fictional narratives whose main characters are lesbians, and which depict stories set in lesbian communities. The study searches for differences and similarities in appreciation depending on the viewer's gender and their general sexual orientation (homosexuals or heterosexuals).
This article observes to what extent prejudice towards lesbians (homophobia) and the moral evalua... more This article observes to what extent prejudice towards lesbians (homophobia) and the moral evaluation of this sexual orientation affect responses to narratives about lesbians and towards their lesbian protagonists. Two hundred six students (79.6% women, M Age = 20.68, SD = 2.36, Rg Age = 18-33) of different sexual orientations completed a questionnaire that measured homophobia, the morality attributed to lesbians and familiarity with lesbians in everyday life. Following this, they watched a film about a lesbian community with a morally controversial lesbian protagonist. Later, they completed a questionnaire that measured the protagonist's attributes and characteristics, the perceived realism of the story, enjoyment and appreciation. Statistical analyses show that homophobia and morality impact on the evaluation of the lesbian protagonist's actions and attributes and enjoyment of the film. Nonetheless, homophobia, morality, familiarity with lesbians, and the gender and sexual orientation of the receiver do not impact on appreciation or perceived realism. In fact, appreciation and perceived realism are independent of attitudes towards lesbians. These results reveal the role of prejudice and morality in film reception. They also enable us to characterise enjoyment and appreciation of stories particularly about lesbians.
We explore factors affecting audience engagement in mainstream movies showing explicit lesbian se... more We explore factors affecting audience engagement in mainstream movies showing explicit lesbian sex. A total of 236 participants of different genders and sexual orientations completed a questionnaire measuring factors related to enjoyment immediately after watching La vie d'Adèle in commercial cinemas. Statistical analysis confirmed that positive audience engagement is explained by several factors: viewers considering that the sexual intercourse portrayed is not excessive, the artistic-dramatic justification of the scenes, the inspired appreciation, the perceived realism of the sex scenes and the sexual arousal experienced. Results also show that the use of lesbian sex as a lure is a crucial factor for eliciting enjoyment and appreciation of movies featuring images of explicit sex.
A preliminary study by Soto-Sanfiel et al. (2011) that explored engagement in narratives set in l... more A preliminary study by Soto-Sanfiel et al. (2011) that explored engagement in narratives set in lesbian communities concluded that the inclusion of sex scenes is influential on the enjoyment of these shows . Homosexual and heterosexuals of both sexes reported having enjoyed lesbian sexual act depiction to similar extent, although for different reasons. Lesbians enjoyed those scenes for two reasons: due to personal resonance and the novelty of the presence in mainstream media. Heterosexual men enjoyed them because they evoked a frequent sexual fantasy, said to be nurtured by male oriented pornography. In spite of that, and regardless of their genre and sexual orientation, all the participants of the study reported pleasant emotions while viewing lesbian sex making representations and considered this depiction a factor of enjoyment of the increasingly popular lesbian narratives. This study pretends to confirm those observations by conducting a research based on the French movie “La vi...
Introducción. Esta investigación observa la identificación de receptores homosexuales y heterosex... more Introducción. Esta investigación observa la identificación de receptores homosexuales y heterosexuales de ambos sexos con las protagonistas lesbianas de ficciones audiovisuales en España. Metodología. El estudio aplica un método mixto, compuesto por dos investigaciones independientes cuyos resultados se interpretan conjuntamente: la cuantitativa determina magnitudes de los efectos y la cualitativa los explica. Resultados. Los resultados muestran que el sexo del receptor no afecta a las magnitudes de la identificación, aunque sí a las razones por las que se produce; que la orientación sexual del receptor, en cambio, sí afecta, y que las reacciones de los hombres heterosexuales son significativamente más indiferentes. Además, revela que el peso en la identificación se halla en la empatía afectiva con los personajes. Discusión y Conclusiones. La aplicación de una metodología mixta aporta profundidad. El uso de escalas de identificación en la recolección de datos del cuantitativo obliga al participante a posicionarse dentro del rango de valores disponibles, pero las entrevistas del método cualitativo, permiten revelar la amplitud de significados vinculados a esos valores. Como se esperaba (H1), el contenido de la ficción afecta a la identificación con los personajes lesbianos. La protagonista moralmente más virtuosa induce a mayor identificación, y ésta se produce, además, por razones más homogéneas entre las poblaciones de distinto sexo u orientación sexual. Asimismo, se encuentran razones para refutar que el sexo del receptor afecta a la identificación con los personajes de lesbianas (H2). También, se confirma que existen diferencias en la identificación en función de la orientación sexual general (H3). Dichas diferencias, sin embargo, no se producen únicamente en las magnitudes generales, sino en las motivaciones para la identificación. La resonancia personal que evocan las historias y la similitud de las historias con experiencias propias, son los dos factores de peso en la identificación de los homosexuales. Además, se encuentra que estas narrativas son procesadas de forma distinta por homosexuales y
This study observed the effects of explicit sexual orientation in Appreciation by using a mixed q... more This study observed the effects of explicit sexual orientation in Appreciation by using a mixed qualitative and quantitative methodology in a complementary way: quantitative data provided information about general magnitudes of the influence, and qualitative data helped to confirm and give explanations about those observed effects. The study sought to know if there were differences in the meaningfulness (Appreciation) of lesbian world based narratives depending on whether audiences were homosexuals or heterosexuals. Appreciation is a concept just recently addressed by media reception scholars. It has been defined by Oliver and Bartsch (2011) as an audience’s response concerned with meaningfulness of the entertainment experience; with the moral legacy or gratification obtained from it. It is close to aspects such as significance, internal impact, reflection, personal relevance and/or life-learning derived from the consumption. In order to find answers for its main research question, ...
This study observed the effects of explicit sexual orientation in Appreciation by using a mixed q... more This study observed the effects of explicit sexual orientation in Appreciation by using a mixed qualitative and quantitative methodology in a complementary way: quantitative data provided information about general magnitudes of the influence, and qualitative data helped to confirm and give explanations about those observed effects. The study sought to know if there were differences in the meaningfulness (Appreciation) of lesbian world based narratives depending on whether audiences were homosexuals or heterosexuals. Appreciation is a concept just recently addressed by media reception scholars. It has been defined by Oliver and Bartsch (2011) as an audience’s response concerned with meaningfulness of the entertainment experience; with the moral legacy or gratification obtained from it. It is close to aspects such as significance, internal impact, reflection, personal relevance and/or life-learning derived from the consumption. In order to find answers for its main research question, ...
A preliminary study by Soto-Sanfiel et al. (2011) that explored engagement in narratives set in l... more A preliminary study by Soto-Sanfiel et al. (2011) that explored engagement in narratives set in lesbian communities concluded that the inclusion of sex scenes is influential on the enjoyment of these shows . Homosexual and heterosexuals of both sexes reported having enjoyed lesbian sexual act depiction to similar extent, although for different reasons. Lesbians enjoyed those scenes for two reasons: due to personal resonance and the novelty of the presence in mainstream media. Heterosexual men enjoyed them because they evoked a frequent sexual fantasy, said to be nurtured by male oriented pornography. In spite of that, and regardless of their genre and sexual orientation, all the participants of the study reported pleasant emotions while viewing lesbian sex making representations and considered this depiction a factor of enjoyment of the increasingly popular lesbian narratives. This study pretends to confirm those observations by conducting a research based on the French movie “La vi...
We explore the effect of manifest sexual orientation and gender on the appreciation of lesbian na... more We explore the effect of manifest sexual orientation and gender on the appreciation of lesbian narratives using a mixed-methods approach. Appreciation is a psychological response to narratives that prompts a profound perception of meaning or a motivation to create reflections or thoughts among audiences. We conducted a quantitative study that offered magnitudes of the effects of consumption, and a qualitative study to find explanations for them. Results from both studies were interpreted in a complementary, concurrent fashion. The investigation shows that sexual orientation affects magnitudes of appreciation while gender does not. Homosexuals appreciate these narratives more than heterosexuals. The study also revealed the key role played by personal relevance in the appreciation of these narratives. Our investigation provides further proof of the complementariness of both methods and the appropriateness of their combined use.
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