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Zoltan Cora

University of Szeged, English, Faculty Member

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Zoltán Cora is a Senior Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Szeged, Hungary. His main areas of research are 19th–20th-century European history, international relations, British and Hungarian political and social history, especially in the interwar period (1918–1939), as well as classical and modern aesthetics with a focus on the sublime. His publications include books, edited volumes, book chapters on these topics and articles published in Comparativ. Zeitschrift für Globalgeschichte und vergleichende Gesellschaftsforschung, Aetas, Múltunk, Századok, Social History, Korall, European Review of History and other journals. He participates in the Comparative History Project organised by the Central European University, Pasts Inc., and received several research grants (BKVGE Berlin, ESSE Type A Bursary London British Library, Erdős Pál Junior Research Fellowship, Magyary István Board of Trustees). In 2011 he defended his PhD dissertation entitled “A szociálpolitika válaszútjai Magyarországon: A mintakövetés lehetőségei és kényszerei (1938-1950)” [Hungarian social policy at crossroads: possibilities and necessities of pattern finding (1938-1950)]. He is currently working on the publication of a monograph on Hungarian social policy in comparative perspective.

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Papers by Zoltan Cora

Johan Béla és a modern magyar közegészségügy kiépítése

Szegedi Tudományegyetem eBooks, 2023

A szociálpolitika válaszútjai Magyarországon: a mintakövetés lehetőségei és kényszerei (1938-1950)

Aesthetical Aspects of the Gothic Revival

To attain a better understanding of the semantics of Gothic in the 18 th century, it might be wor... more To attain a better understanding of the semantics of Gothic in the 18 th century, it might be worth looking at the interpretation of Gothic in the mirror of the aesthetic system of Classicism since I intend to have an overview of the aesthetic changes that was brought about in discourses pertaining to the notions of Nature, Beauty, and Gothic in the 18 th century. Due to these changes, new dimensions were developing within the realms of arts and aesthetics, that is, the picturesque, the sublime and the infinite. Before concisely discussing the aesthetical background, however, a precise understanding of the term 'Gothic" should be offered in order to show how different paradigms of aesthetics were applied to the Revival which was one of the major cultural and artistic trends of the 18 th-19 th century in Britain. The notion of Gothic needs to be classified so that one can shape a picture of the 18 th century aesthetical change that happened, as we will see, in favour of the Gothic Revival. In Classical aesthetics 1 Gothic meant "barbarous and tasteless." 2 It is interesting though that this attitude prevailed in the years of the ascending Gothic Revival. Connotations implied that Gothic is (1) any structure not in the Classical style, (2) a style originating from Northern tribes, especially from the Goths, or (3) having an Arabian-Goth two fold origin. 3 As a matter of fact, this poliphony soon gave voice to the opinion that a certain order had to be done. The necessary distinctions led to a more precise denotation of the characteristics of Gothic. First, according to the 18 th century Classisicts, it was agreed that a lack of simplicity is evident in Gothic architecture, that is, Classical style demanded that the most excessive feature of an ideal building should be simplicity. Classicists thought that simple, majestic and regular were equalled with "natural", so the overdecorated fluttering of Gothic seemed utterly unnatural. 4 Nevertheless, others like Montesquieu, paid attention to Gothic's variety, contrast, 1 By Classical aesthetics I mean the aesthetic principles that were built upon ancient laws of the style mediated by Vitruvian terms of architecture. Lovejoy, op. cit., 136-165. 2 Even Rousseau forms the opinion of préjugé gothique (Gothic prejudice). It was a common feature of Classicism to scorn Gothic of its connotations of feudalism and medievalism. It is well represented in Thomas Warton's poem, The Triumph of Isis: "T'was theirs new plans of liberty to frame, And on the Gothic gloom of slavish sway, To shed the dawn of intellectual day." (Lovejoy, op. cit., 137-138). 3 This is finely resembled in Vasari's Lives as we have seen. See note 10. on p. 5. In Accounts of Architects and Architecture (1697), John Evelyn nurtured the twofold origin and contrasted it with Classicism's superiority. 4 This aesthetical paradigm was current in literary discourse as well. Cf. Addison in Spectator No. 62: "a thought shine in its own natural beauties. Poets want this Strength of Genius to give that majestick simplicity to Nature, which we so much admire in the Works of the Ancients, are forced to hunt after foreign Ornaments and not to let brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk

Összehasonlító módszer a mai európai történettudományban (Nemzetközi konferencia a CEU szervezésében)

AETAS - Történettudományi folyóirat, 2007

From the Rhetoric of Longinus to the Poetics of John Dennis

Within the huge literary and artistic tradition of the sublime in Western culture, mapping, analy... more Within the huge literary and artistic tradition of the sublime in Western culture, mapping, analysing and interpreting the relations of literary and visual sublime is a highly complex issue. 1 The affective qualities within the sublime are usually connected to the aesthetic categories of greatness, infinity and terror as well as to philosophical concepts of the transcendental. This paper endeavours to interpret the sublime as a possible aesthetic form of an ontological insight that is not gained through conventional syllogisms. 2 Additionally, the paper also investigates the role of terror in the rhetorical 1 I will dwell on art theory and art history only where it seems necessary for the coherence of the argumentation, and due to the limits of this study, this restriction will be applied to the theological implications of the sublime as well. 2 Though this statement has been pre-eminently valid since the Kantian discussion of the sublime, still with regard to classical philosophy, it is plausible to argue for a similar meaning already in Greek philosophy, especially Neoplatonism and the tradition of Hermes Trismegistos, and thereby Alexandrian Hermetism. See Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, The Western Esoteric Traditions: A Historical Introduction

Hungarian health care in the 1930s and 1940s: health care at a crossroads in East Central Europe before World War II

European Review of History: Revue europeenne d'histoire, Nov 2, 2021

ABSTRACT The relationship between the Horthy era (1920–44) and the communist era shows continuiti... more ABSTRACT The relationship between the Horthy era (1920–44) and the communist era shows continuities from a social historical perspective. The paper contributes to the reinterpretation of these relations by examining Hungarian health care in the 1930s and 1940s with a focus on the relationship between international transfers and path dependency in forging health care reforms. The author argues that the achievements communists regarded as inventions of socialism in health care and the welfare state had already been developed in the 1930s and 1940s. It was only because of the strict wartime budget of the early 1940s that these welfare reforms had not been realized. With the help of internal affairs documents, essays on health care, official statistics records in the National Archives of Hungary and the Semmelweis Library and Archives of Medical History as well as press material, Cora demonstrates that, even if communists depicted the interwar period as ‘fascist and imperialist’, the health care system of the so-called ‘productive social policy’ showed continuities. Moreover, social policy makers of the 1930s and early 1940s, such as Béla Johan, Ferenc Keresztes-Fischer and Béla Kovrig also designed welfare and health care reforms for the post-war period by both developing already existing Hungarian programmes and selectively adapting foreign welfare models (American management principles, the Alsace scheme and the Beveridge Plan). The study investigates Hungarian health care in view of the theory of path dependency and the macrohistorical convergence thesis developed by Tomka (on East–West convergence). It is within this framework that the paper addresses the issue of health care transfers to better understand the development of twentieth-century European health care systems by identifying similarities and differences in their development as well as to speculate on the trajectory of various political solutions to social challenges, including health care.

Mi a transznacionális történelem

From Rhetoric to Psychology: the Metamorphosis of the Sublime in Eighteenth-Century British Literary Aesthetics (1700–1740)

Eger Journal of English Studies, 2018

In the first half of the eighteenth century the notion of the sublime was becoming increasingly h... more In the first half of the eighteenth century the notion of the sublime was becoming increasingly heterogeneous. It can be explained, as I have recently argued, by an intensifying psychologizing tendency driven by a growing sensitivity in aesthetic perceptions (Cora 2014, 2016). In this paper I intend to further examine the diversification of the concept through looking at the eighteenth-century British reception of Longinus' On Great Writing (On the Sublime), an open text continuously read and reread by British authors, thus tracing the genealogy of the concept from Alexander Pope to John Baillie. Samuel Johnson's magnum opus, A Dictionary of the English Language (1755) serves as a starting point for my inquiry, as it sums up all the major features associated with sublimity in the examined period. When defining the sublime as "the grand or lofty style," Johnson cites Pope's praise of Longinus, quotes Addison and identifies John Milton's work as the best English example of sublime poetry (Wood 195). Johnson's entry on the sublime also draws attention to the fact that not only did the concept undergo a considerable alteration, but it also became widely known by the end of the examined period. Alexander Pope and the Longinian Tradition of the Sublime Gaining considerable plaudits in a relatively short period, Alexander Pope, the 'national critic' and the author of An Essay on Criticism (1711) became an arbiter elegantiae besides Addison and Shaftesbury in the early eighteenth century. Samuel Johnson praises Pope's style for "exhibit[ing] every mode of excellence that can embellish or dignify composition-selection of matter, novelty of arrangement, justness of precept, splendour of illustration, and propriety of digression" (qtd. in Fairer 25). In relation to the Essay, Johnson primarily focuses on Pope's congeniality and the sublimity of his style, the latter in line with Pope's own praise of Longinus. Interpreting Pope's thought within the wider context of literary taste, Johnson evaluates stylistic merits simultaneously with their propriety and rationality, justifiably, as in Pope's work the great thought of Longinus, which inspires the sublime, also becomes coupled with Wit on the wings of Pegasus:

The Value of Labor

The Value of Labor, 2015

Review of The Capitalist University : the transformation of higher education in the United States, 1945-2016

Review of The Capitalist University: The Transformation of Higher Education in the United States, 1945-2016, 2017

Soviet nuclear espionage in the USA during world War II. the case of oppenheimer and bohr

Kovrig Béla és a produktív szociálpolitika Magyarországon

Review of Diana C. Gill's How we are changed by War

British Perspectives on the Hungarian Post-war Settlement and the Treaty of Trianon

British foreign policy examined Hungary’s role with respect to its effect on the European powerba... more British foreign policy examined Hungary’s role with respect to its effect on the European powerbalance: it judged Hungary favourably as long as it was part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, but, as Hungarian separatist ambitions grew stronger, the country was treated as a threat. The paper looks at how the members of the British delegation at the Paris Peace Conference saw differently the way through which the maintenance of the above mentioned power balance could have been reached. Moreover, it is also scrutinised how various interest groups could exercise considerable impact on the outcome of the negotiations. On the one hand, Arthur Balfour, head of the British Foreign Office, thought that a long-term peace was possible only by strengthening the new, winner nation states, whose tasks were to hinder further German expansion towards the Balkans, and Bolshevism towards Europe. On the other hand, David Lloyd George, head of the British Cabinet, was on the opinion that only the extens...

Comparing societies or unfolding entanglements ?

Soviet Nuclear Espionage in the USA During World War II . The Case of Oppenheimer and Bohr " by Zoltán

Zoltan Cora is a Senior Assistant Professor at the Institute of English and American Studies, Fac... more Zoltan Cora is a Senior Assistant Professor at the Institute of English and American Studies, Faculty of Arts, University of Szeged, Hungary. His main areas of research are 19th–20thcentury European history, international relations, British and Hungarian political and social history, especially in the interwar period (1918-1939), as well as classical and modern aesthetics with a focus on the sublime. His publications include book chapters on these topics and articles published in Comparativ. Zeitschrift für Globalgeschichte und vergleichende Gesellschaftsforschung, Aetas, Múltunk, and other journals. Among several research projects, he participates in the Comparative History Project organised by the Central European University, Pasts Inc. In 2011 he defended his PhD dissertation entitled ―A szociálpolitika válaszútjai Magyarországon: A mintakövetés lehetőségei és kényszerei (1938-1950)‖ [Hungarian social policy at crossroads: possibilities and necessities of pattern finding (1938195...

Cora_Zoltan_Kovrig_Bela_es_a_produktiv_szocialpolitika_magyarorszagon_NKP_Tanulmanykotet.pdf

Kovrig Béla és a produktív szociálpolitika Magyarországon, 2014

A magyar jóléti állam kutatásának utóbbi évtizedben bekövetkezett fejlődése ellenére több terület... more A magyar jóléti állam kutatásának utóbbi évtizedben bekövetkezett fejlődése ellenére több terület alig, vagy egyáltalán nem kutatott. Az eddigi vizsgálatok alapján nem alakult ki meggyőző tudományos vita a magyar jóléti állam 20. századi periodizációját és a második világháború előtti s azt követő periódusának kapcsolatát illetően. Legfőképp pedig nincs konszenzus az 1930-as évek végétől az 1950-es évek elejéig terjedő átmeneti periódus szociálpolitikájának összefüggő értékelését illetően. A tanulmányban e fenti problémakör egy szűk, ám annál fontosabb területét vizsgálom: először röviden elemzem, hogy Kovrig Béla, a két világháború közötti magyarországi szociálpolitika egyik meghatározó alakjának kifejezését használva miért vagyunk "korfordulón" az 1930-as évek végén, másodsorban hogy a kor társadalompolitikai gondolkodásában maga Kovrig hogyan helyezhető el, s szociális reformmal kapcsolatban kifejtett nézetei miért jelentősek a későbbi gyakorlati szociálpolitika szempontjából. A 21. századi európai államok egyik általános jellemzője a kiterjedt jóléti rendszerek jelenléte. Ez jórészt az 1945 után kibontakozó történeti fejlődés eredménye, ugyanakkor alapjai a jóval távolabbi múltban alakultak ki. A jóléti állam fogalma (welfare state v. Wohlfahrtsstaat) a második világháború alatt született meg, amikor Nagy-Britanniában a rekonstrukcióra kidolgozott állami terveket szembeállították a náci Németország háborús gazdálkodásával. 2 A brit kifejezés az 1940-es években terjedt el Európában. Országonként eltérő, ugyanakkor rugalmas fogalomként jelent meg. Németországban a Wohlfahrtsstaat és a Sozialstaat fogalmaival kapcsolódott egybe. A német jóléti állam koncepciója azonban az aufklérista abszolutizmus államjogi hagyományai és a Gustav Schmoller nevével fémjelezhető nemzetgazdasági iskola révén szélesebb 1 A kutatás a TÁMOP 4.2.4.A/1-11-1-2012-0001 azonosító számú "Nemzeti Kiválóság Program -Hazai hallgatói, illetve kutatói személyi támogatást biztosító rendszer kidolgozása és működtetése országos program" című kiemelt projekt keretében zajlott. A projekt az Európai Unió és Magyarország támogatásával, az Európai Szociális Alap társfinanszírozásával valósult meg. Szegedi Tudományegyetem,[email protected] 2 William Temple canterbury-i érsek szóhasználatában a welfare state tehát így került szembe a warfare statetel. Flora, Peter -Heidenheimer, Arnold J.: The Historical Core and Changing Boundaries of the Welfare State. In: uők (eds.): The Development of Welfare States in Europe and America. New Brunswick -London, Transaction Books, 1981, 17-18.; Gardiner, Juliet -Wenborn, Neil (ed.): The History Today Companion to British History. London, Collins & Brown, 1995, 798-799.

Johan Béla és a modern magyar közegészségügy kiépítése

Szegedi Tudományegyetem eBooks, 2023

A szociálpolitika válaszútjai Magyarországon: a mintakövetés lehetőségei és kényszerei (1938-1950)

Aesthetical Aspects of the Gothic Revival

To attain a better understanding of the semantics of Gothic in the 18 th century, it might be wor... more To attain a better understanding of the semantics of Gothic in the 18 th century, it might be worth looking at the interpretation of Gothic in the mirror of the aesthetic system of Classicism since I intend to have an overview of the aesthetic changes that was brought about in discourses pertaining to the notions of Nature, Beauty, and Gothic in the 18 th century. Due to these changes, new dimensions were developing within the realms of arts and aesthetics, that is, the picturesque, the sublime and the infinite. Before concisely discussing the aesthetical background, however, a precise understanding of the term 'Gothic" should be offered in order to show how different paradigms of aesthetics were applied to the Revival which was one of the major cultural and artistic trends of the 18 th-19 th century in Britain. The notion of Gothic needs to be classified so that one can shape a picture of the 18 th century aesthetical change that happened, as we will see, in favour of the Gothic Revival. In Classical aesthetics 1 Gothic meant "barbarous and tasteless." 2 It is interesting though that this attitude prevailed in the years of the ascending Gothic Revival. Connotations implied that Gothic is (1) any structure not in the Classical style, (2) a style originating from Northern tribes, especially from the Goths, or (3) having an Arabian-Goth two fold origin. 3 As a matter of fact, this poliphony soon gave voice to the opinion that a certain order had to be done. The necessary distinctions led to a more precise denotation of the characteristics of Gothic. First, according to the 18 th century Classisicts, it was agreed that a lack of simplicity is evident in Gothic architecture, that is, Classical style demanded that the most excessive feature of an ideal building should be simplicity. Classicists thought that simple, majestic and regular were equalled with "natural", so the overdecorated fluttering of Gothic seemed utterly unnatural. 4 Nevertheless, others like Montesquieu, paid attention to Gothic's variety, contrast, 1 By Classical aesthetics I mean the aesthetic principles that were built upon ancient laws of the style mediated by Vitruvian terms of architecture. Lovejoy, op. cit., 136-165. 2 Even Rousseau forms the opinion of préjugé gothique (Gothic prejudice). It was a common feature of Classicism to scorn Gothic of its connotations of feudalism and medievalism. It is well represented in Thomas Warton's poem, The Triumph of Isis: "T'was theirs new plans of liberty to frame, And on the Gothic gloom of slavish sway, To shed the dawn of intellectual day." (Lovejoy, op. cit., 137-138). 3 This is finely resembled in Vasari's Lives as we have seen. See note 10. on p. 5. In Accounts of Architects and Architecture (1697), John Evelyn nurtured the twofold origin and contrasted it with Classicism's superiority. 4 This aesthetical paradigm was current in literary discourse as well. Cf. Addison in Spectator No. 62: "a thought shine in its own natural beauties. Poets want this Strength of Genius to give that majestick simplicity to Nature, which we so much admire in the Works of the Ancients, are forced to hunt after foreign Ornaments and not to let brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk

Összehasonlító módszer a mai európai történettudományban (Nemzetközi konferencia a CEU szervezésében)

AETAS - Történettudományi folyóirat, 2007

From the Rhetoric of Longinus to the Poetics of John Dennis

Within the huge literary and artistic tradition of the sublime in Western culture, mapping, analy... more Within the huge literary and artistic tradition of the sublime in Western culture, mapping, analysing and interpreting the relations of literary and visual sublime is a highly complex issue. 1 The affective qualities within the sublime are usually connected to the aesthetic categories of greatness, infinity and terror as well as to philosophical concepts of the transcendental. This paper endeavours to interpret the sublime as a possible aesthetic form of an ontological insight that is not gained through conventional syllogisms. 2 Additionally, the paper also investigates the role of terror in the rhetorical 1 I will dwell on art theory and art history only where it seems necessary for the coherence of the argumentation, and due to the limits of this study, this restriction will be applied to the theological implications of the sublime as well. 2 Though this statement has been pre-eminently valid since the Kantian discussion of the sublime, still with regard to classical philosophy, it is plausible to argue for a similar meaning already in Greek philosophy, especially Neoplatonism and the tradition of Hermes Trismegistos, and thereby Alexandrian Hermetism. See Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, The Western Esoteric Traditions: A Historical Introduction

Hungarian health care in the 1930s and 1940s: health care at a crossroads in East Central Europe before World War II

European Review of History: Revue europeenne d'histoire, Nov 2, 2021

ABSTRACT The relationship between the Horthy era (1920–44) and the communist era shows continuiti... more ABSTRACT The relationship between the Horthy era (1920–44) and the communist era shows continuities from a social historical perspective. The paper contributes to the reinterpretation of these relations by examining Hungarian health care in the 1930s and 1940s with a focus on the relationship between international transfers and path dependency in forging health care reforms. The author argues that the achievements communists regarded as inventions of socialism in health care and the welfare state had already been developed in the 1930s and 1940s. It was only because of the strict wartime budget of the early 1940s that these welfare reforms had not been realized. With the help of internal affairs documents, essays on health care, official statistics records in the National Archives of Hungary and the Semmelweis Library and Archives of Medical History as well as press material, Cora demonstrates that, even if communists depicted the interwar period as ‘fascist and imperialist’, the health care system of the so-called ‘productive social policy’ showed continuities. Moreover, social policy makers of the 1930s and early 1940s, such as Béla Johan, Ferenc Keresztes-Fischer and Béla Kovrig also designed welfare and health care reforms for the post-war period by both developing already existing Hungarian programmes and selectively adapting foreign welfare models (American management principles, the Alsace scheme and the Beveridge Plan). The study investigates Hungarian health care in view of the theory of path dependency and the macrohistorical convergence thesis developed by Tomka (on East–West convergence). It is within this framework that the paper addresses the issue of health care transfers to better understand the development of twentieth-century European health care systems by identifying similarities and differences in their development as well as to speculate on the trajectory of various political solutions to social challenges, including health care.

Mi a transznacionális történelem

From Rhetoric to Psychology: the Metamorphosis of the Sublime in Eighteenth-Century British Literary Aesthetics (1700–1740)

Eger Journal of English Studies, 2018

In the first half of the eighteenth century the notion of the sublime was becoming increasingly h... more In the first half of the eighteenth century the notion of the sublime was becoming increasingly heterogeneous. It can be explained, as I have recently argued, by an intensifying psychologizing tendency driven by a growing sensitivity in aesthetic perceptions (Cora 2014, 2016). In this paper I intend to further examine the diversification of the concept through looking at the eighteenth-century British reception of Longinus' On Great Writing (On the Sublime), an open text continuously read and reread by British authors, thus tracing the genealogy of the concept from Alexander Pope to John Baillie. Samuel Johnson's magnum opus, A Dictionary of the English Language (1755) serves as a starting point for my inquiry, as it sums up all the major features associated with sublimity in the examined period. When defining the sublime as "the grand or lofty style," Johnson cites Pope's praise of Longinus, quotes Addison and identifies John Milton's work as the best English example of sublime poetry (Wood 195). Johnson's entry on the sublime also draws attention to the fact that not only did the concept undergo a considerable alteration, but it also became widely known by the end of the examined period. Alexander Pope and the Longinian Tradition of the Sublime Gaining considerable plaudits in a relatively short period, Alexander Pope, the 'national critic' and the author of An Essay on Criticism (1711) became an arbiter elegantiae besides Addison and Shaftesbury in the early eighteenth century. Samuel Johnson praises Pope's style for "exhibit[ing] every mode of excellence that can embellish or dignify composition-selection of matter, novelty of arrangement, justness of precept, splendour of illustration, and propriety of digression" (qtd. in Fairer 25). In relation to the Essay, Johnson primarily focuses on Pope's congeniality and the sublimity of his style, the latter in line with Pope's own praise of Longinus. Interpreting Pope's thought within the wider context of literary taste, Johnson evaluates stylistic merits simultaneously with their propriety and rationality, justifiably, as in Pope's work the great thought of Longinus, which inspires the sublime, also becomes coupled with Wit on the wings of Pegasus:

The Value of Labor

The Value of Labor, 2015

Review of The Capitalist University : the transformation of higher education in the United States, 1945-2016

Review of The Capitalist University: The Transformation of Higher Education in the United States, 1945-2016, 2017

Soviet nuclear espionage in the USA during world War II. the case of oppenheimer and bohr

Kovrig Béla és a produktív szociálpolitika Magyarországon

Review of Diana C. Gill's How we are changed by War

British Perspectives on the Hungarian Post-war Settlement and the Treaty of Trianon

British foreign policy examined Hungary’s role with respect to its effect on the European powerba... more British foreign policy examined Hungary’s role with respect to its effect on the European powerbalance: it judged Hungary favourably as long as it was part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, but, as Hungarian separatist ambitions grew stronger, the country was treated as a threat. The paper looks at how the members of the British delegation at the Paris Peace Conference saw differently the way through which the maintenance of the above mentioned power balance could have been reached. Moreover, it is also scrutinised how various interest groups could exercise considerable impact on the outcome of the negotiations. On the one hand, Arthur Balfour, head of the British Foreign Office, thought that a long-term peace was possible only by strengthening the new, winner nation states, whose tasks were to hinder further German expansion towards the Balkans, and Bolshevism towards Europe. On the other hand, David Lloyd George, head of the British Cabinet, was on the opinion that only the extens...

Comparing societies or unfolding entanglements ?

Soviet Nuclear Espionage in the USA During World War II . The Case of Oppenheimer and Bohr " by Zoltán

Zoltan Cora is a Senior Assistant Professor at the Institute of English and American Studies, Fac... more Zoltan Cora is a Senior Assistant Professor at the Institute of English and American Studies, Faculty of Arts, University of Szeged, Hungary. His main areas of research are 19th–20thcentury European history, international relations, British and Hungarian political and social history, especially in the interwar period (1918-1939), as well as classical and modern aesthetics with a focus on the sublime. His publications include book chapters on these topics and articles published in Comparativ. Zeitschrift für Globalgeschichte und vergleichende Gesellschaftsforschung, Aetas, Múltunk, and other journals. Among several research projects, he participates in the Comparative History Project organised by the Central European University, Pasts Inc. In 2011 he defended his PhD dissertation entitled ―A szociálpolitika válaszútjai Magyarországon: A mintakövetés lehetőségei és kényszerei (1938-1950)‖ [Hungarian social policy at crossroads: possibilities and necessities of pattern finding (1938195...

Cora_Zoltan_Kovrig_Bela_es_a_produktiv_szocialpolitika_magyarorszagon_NKP_Tanulmanykotet.pdf

Kovrig Béla és a produktív szociálpolitika Magyarországon, 2014

A magyar jóléti állam kutatásának utóbbi évtizedben bekövetkezett fejlődése ellenére több terület... more A magyar jóléti állam kutatásának utóbbi évtizedben bekövetkezett fejlődése ellenére több terület alig, vagy egyáltalán nem kutatott. Az eddigi vizsgálatok alapján nem alakult ki meggyőző tudományos vita a magyar jóléti állam 20. századi periodizációját és a második világháború előtti s azt követő periódusának kapcsolatát illetően. Legfőképp pedig nincs konszenzus az 1930-as évek végétől az 1950-es évek elejéig terjedő átmeneti periódus szociálpolitikájának összefüggő értékelését illetően. A tanulmányban e fenti problémakör egy szűk, ám annál fontosabb területét vizsgálom: először röviden elemzem, hogy Kovrig Béla, a két világháború közötti magyarországi szociálpolitika egyik meghatározó alakjának kifejezését használva miért vagyunk "korfordulón" az 1930-as évek végén, másodsorban hogy a kor társadalompolitikai gondolkodásában maga Kovrig hogyan helyezhető el, s szociális reformmal kapcsolatban kifejtett nézetei miért jelentősek a későbbi gyakorlati szociálpolitika szempontjából. A 21. századi európai államok egyik általános jellemzője a kiterjedt jóléti rendszerek jelenléte. Ez jórészt az 1945 után kibontakozó történeti fejlődés eredménye, ugyanakkor alapjai a jóval távolabbi múltban alakultak ki. A jóléti állam fogalma (welfare state v. Wohlfahrtsstaat) a második világháború alatt született meg, amikor Nagy-Britanniában a rekonstrukcióra kidolgozott állami terveket szembeállították a náci Németország háborús gazdálkodásával. 2 A brit kifejezés az 1940-es években terjedt el Európában. Országonként eltérő, ugyanakkor rugalmas fogalomként jelent meg. Németországban a Wohlfahrtsstaat és a Sozialstaat fogalmaival kapcsolódott egybe. A német jóléti állam koncepciója azonban az aufklérista abszolutizmus államjogi hagyományai és a Gustav Schmoller nevével fémjelezhető nemzetgazdasági iskola révén szélesebb 1 A kutatás a TÁMOP 4.2.4.A/1-11-1-2012-0001 azonosító számú "Nemzeti Kiválóság Program -Hazai hallgatói, illetve kutatói személyi támogatást biztosító rendszer kidolgozása és működtetése országos program" című kiemelt projekt keretében zajlott. A projekt az Európai Unió és Magyarország támogatásával, az Európai Szociális Alap társfinanszírozásával valósult meg. Szegedi Tudományegyetem,[email protected] 2 William Temple canterbury-i érsek szóhasználatában a welfare state tehát így került szembe a warfare statetel. Flora, Peter -Heidenheimer, Arnold J.: The Historical Core and Changing Boundaries of the Welfare State. In: uők (eds.): The Development of Welfare States in Europe and America. New Brunswick -London, Transaction Books, 1981, 17-18.; Gardiner, Juliet -Wenborn, Neil (ed.): The History Today Companion to British History. London, Collins & Brown, 1995, 798-799.