Papers by Jean-yves Baudouin
Psychose, langage et action, 2009
PLOS ONE, 2015
It has been established that the recognition of facial expressions integrates contextual informat... more It has been established that the recognition of facial expressions integrates contextual information. In this study, we aimed to clarify the influence of contextual odors. The participants were asked to match a target face varying in expression intensity with non-ambiguous expressive faces. Intensity variations in the target faces were designed by morphing expressive faces with neutral faces. In addition, the influence of verbal information was assessed by providing half the participants with the emotion names. Odor cues were manipulated by placing participants in a pleasant (strawberry), aversive (butyric acid), or no-odor control context. The results showed two main effects of the odor context. First, the minimum amount of visual information required to perceive an expression was lowered when the odor context was emotionally congruent: happiness was correctly perceived at lower intensities in the faces displayed in the pleasant odor context, and the same phenomenon occurred for disgust and anger in the aversive odor context. Second, the odor context influenced the false perception of expressions that were not used in target faces, with distinct patterns according to the presence of emotion names. When emotion names were provided, the aversive odor context decreased intrusions for disgust ambiguous faces but increased them for anger. When the emotion names were not provided, this effect did not occur and the pleasant odor context elicited an overall increase in intrusions for negative expressions. We conclude that olfaction plays a role in the way facial expressions are perceived in interaction with other contextual influences such as verbal information.
Journal of Vision, 2015
Horizontal information is crucial to face processing in adults (Goffaux &... more Horizontal information is crucial to face processing in adults (Goffaux & Dakin, 2010). Yet the ontogeny of this preferential type of processing remains unknown. To clarify this issue, we tested 2 groups of 16 3-month-old infants in a preferential looking paradigm with upright (Group 1) or inverted (Group 2) stimuli. Each infant was exposed to 4 x 2 (left/right position of the face counterbalanced) 15-second trial consisting in the simultaneous side-by-side presentation of a full-front female face and of a full-front car, either unfiltered (UNF) or filtered in order to selectively reveal horizontal (H), vertical (V), or both orientation bands (HV) (Figure 1). As previously suggested, 3-month-old infants looked longer at upright and richer stimuli (UNF and HV) than to inverted and poorer stimuli (H and V). At upright orientation, there was also a significant interaction between the stimulus category (face/car) and the filter type (UNF, H, V, HV) revealing that, at this early age, infants looked longer at the face than at the car stimulus when horizontal information was preserved and when it was combined to vertical information (H and HV). At inverted orientation, the same interaction did not reach significance. These results suggest that horizontal information drives face processing during infancy, as it does at adulthood, and emphasize the predominant role of this band of information in the refinement of the face processing system with age. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2015.
Neuropsychologia, Jan 14, 2015
We studied the time course of the cerebral integration of olfaction in the visual processing of e... more We studied the time course of the cerebral integration of olfaction in the visual processing of emotional faces during an orthogonal task asking for detection of red-colored faces among expressive faces. Happy, angry, disgust, fearful, sad, and neutral faces were displayed in pleasant, aversive or no odor control olfactory contexts while EEG was recorded to extract event-related potentials (ERPs). Results indicated that the expressive faces modulated the cerebral responses at occipito-parietal, central and central-parietal electrodes from around 100 ms and until 480 ms after face onset. The response was divided in different successive stages corresponding to different ERP components (P100, N170, P200 and N250 (EPN), and LPP). The olfactory contexts influenced the ERPs in response to facial expressions in two phases. First, regardless of their emotional content, the response to faces was enhanced by both odors compared with no odor approximately 160 ms after face-onset at several cen...
Journal of Vision
Our perception and cognitive integration of the environment are based on multisensory processes. ... more Our perception and cognitive integration of the environment are based on multisensory processes. Thus, all sensory-perceptual systems reciprocally influence each other. This is also true for the less-studied olfactory sense, which has repeatedly been shown to modulate visual exploratory behavior. For example, when they explore a complex visual scene adult subjects orient their gaze more rapidly and for shorter duration to the stimuli that are congruent, rather than incongruent, with the odor context (Seigneuric et al., 2010). Such an odor-based visual bias can be mediated by emotional processes, as the valence of odors can modulate how efficiently facial expressions are processed (e.g., Leppänen & Hietanen, 2003). So far, only few studies have assessed whether and how odorants administered at subliminal levels affect visual processing. In this study, odorants chosen to be hedonically contrasted (i.e. strawberry and Butiric Acid) were delivered at subliminal levels to evaluate whethe...
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2015
Difficulties in the recognition of emotions in expressive faces have been reported in people with... more Difficulties in the recognition of emotions in expressive faces have been reported in people with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). However, while low-intensity expressive faces are frequent in everyday life, nothing is known about their ability to perceive facial emotions depending on the intensity of expression. Through a visual matching task, children and adolescents with 22q11.2DS as well as gender- and age-matched healthy participants were asked to categorise the emotion of a target face among six possible expressions. Static pictures of morphs between neutrality and expressions were used to parametrically manipulate the intensity of the target face. In comparison to healthy controls, results showed higher perception thresholds (i.e. a more intense expression is needed to perceive the emotion) and lower accuracy for the most expressive faces indicating reduced categorisation abilities in the 22q11.2DS group. The number of intrusions (i.e. each time an emotion is perceived as another one) and a more gradual perception performance indicated smooth boundaries between emotional categories. Correlational analyses with neuropsychological and clinical measures suggested that reduced visual skills may be associated with impaired categorisation of facial emotions. Overall, the present study indicates greater difficulties for children and adolescents with 22q11.2DS to perceive an emotion in low-intensity expressive faces. This disability is subtended by emotional categories that are not sharply organised. It also suggests that these difficulties may be associated with impaired visual cognition, a hallmark of the cognitive deficits observed in the syndrome. These data yield promising tracks for future experimental and clinical investigations.
Developmental science, Jan 17, 2015
Recognition of emotional facial expressions is a crucial skill for adaptive behavior. Past resear... more Recognition of emotional facial expressions is a crucial skill for adaptive behavior. Past research suggests that at 5 to 7 months of age, infants look longer to an unfamiliar dynamic angry/happy face which emotionally matches a vocal expression. This suggests that they can match stimulations of distinct modalities on their emotional content. In the present study, olfaction-vision matching abilities were assessed across different age groups (3, 5 and 7 months) using dynamic expressive faces (happy vs. disgusted) and distinct hedonic odor contexts (pleasant, unpleasant and control) in a visual-preference paradigm. At all ages the infants were biased toward the disgust faces. This visual bias reversed into a bias for smiling faces in the context of the pleasant odor context in the 3-month-old infants. In infants aged 5 and 7 months, no effect of the odor context appeared in the present conditions. This study highlights the role of the olfactory context in the modulation of visual beha...
PloS one, 2013
This study investigated whether an odor can affect infants' attention to visually presented o... more This study investigated whether an odor can affect infants' attention to visually presented objects and whether it can selectively direct visual gaze at visual targets as a function of their meaning. Four-month-old infants (n = 48) were exposed to their mother's body odors while their visual exploration was recorded with an eye-movement tracking system. Two groups of infants, who were assigned to either an odor condition or a control condition, looked at a scene composed of still pictures of faces and cars. As expected, infants looked longer at the faces than at the cars but this spontaneous preference for faces was significantly enhanced in presence of the odor. As expected also, when looking at the face, the infants looked longer at the eyes than at any other facial regions, but, again, they looked at the eyes significantly longer in the presence of the odor. Thus, 4-month-old infants are sensitive to the contextual effects of odors while looking at faces. This suggests th...
Psychological Assessment, 2008
The attentional blink (AB) is a robust phenomenon that has been consistently reported in the cogn... more The attentional blink (AB) is a robust phenomenon that has been consistently reported in the cognitive literature. The AB is found when two target images (T1, T2) are presented within 500 ms of each other and errors are induced on the perceptual report of T2. The AB may increase when T1 has some salience to the viewer. This study examined the effects of using pictures of children as T1 on the AB in a sample of child molesters. A larger AB emerged in this sample when T1was a picture of a child compared with when T1 was a picture of an animal. It is argued that this task may be potentially useful to assess child molesters' level of interest in children.
Pragmatics & Cognition, 2000
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.
Perception, 2006
The role of configural information in gender categorisation was studied by aligning the top half ... more The role of configural information in gender categorisation was studied by aligning the top half of one face with the bottom half of another. The two faces had the same or different genders. Experiment 1 shows that participants were slower and made more errors in categorising the gender in either half of these composite faces when the two faces had a different gender, relative to control conditions where the two faces were nonaligned or had the same gender. This result parallels the composite effect for face recognition (Young et al, 1987 Perception 16 747-759) and facial-expression recognition (Calder et al, 2000 Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 26 527-551). Similarly to responses to face identity and expression, the composite effect on gender discrimination was disrupted by inverting the faces (experiment 2). Both experiments also show that the composite paradigm is sensitive to general contextual interference in gender categorisation.
Perception, 2010
CITATIONS 45 READS 278 5 authors, including: Some of the authors of this publication are also wor... more CITATIONS 45 READS 278 5 authors, including: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: OPALINE observatory of food preferences and eating behaviors in children View project Facial perception in schizophrenia View project Alix Seigneuric Université Paris 13 Nord
Uploads
Papers by Jean-yves Baudouin