DMVP

RESUMO: Uma formulação mineral de qualidade para bovinos precisa ser isenta de metais tóxicos e ter em sua composição a correta relação dos elementos fósforo e flúor. Além da obediência a legislação brasileira, é importante primar pela pureza das matérias-primas que compõem qualquer suplemento mineral, para que na cadeia trófica alimentar não haja vulnerabilidade ao consumo de carne e leite pelo ser humano. Para tanto, se faz necessário monitorar os suplementos minerais disponíveis no amplo mercado bovino pecuário, investigando os componentes e suas respectivas relações. Nesta finalidade, a presente pesquisa quantificou os elementos fósforo e flúor em formulações minerais comercializadas na cidade de Londrina, estado do Paraná, onde há expressivo comércio de insumos para a pecuária. Em oito importantes marcas comerciais, os autores encontraram algumas formulações com níveis elevados de flúor, promovendo alteração na relação com o elemento fósforo, caracterizando produtos com padrões fora das normas brasileiras vigentes.

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Streptococcus agalactiae (Lancefield group B; group B streptococci) is a major pathogen that causes meningoencephalitis ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 12 (3): 2902-2912 (2013) Prediction of vaccine targets in Streptococcus agalactiae in fish, mastitis in cows, and neonatal sepsis and meningitis in humans. The available prophylactic measures for conserving human and animal health are not totally effective and have limitations. Effective vaccines against the different serotypes or genotypes of pathogenic strains from the various hosts would be useful. We used an in silico strategy to identify conserved vaccine candidates in 15 genomes of group B streptococci strains isolated from human, bovine, and fish samples. The degree of conservation, subcellular localization, and immunogenic potential of S. agalactiae proteins were investigated. We identified 36 antigenic proteins that were conserved in all 15 genomes. Among these proteins, 5 and 23 were shared only by human or fish strains, respectively. These potential vaccine targets may help develop effective vaccines that will help prevent S. agalactiae infection.

Yersiniosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease that affects humans and animals, including primates. The aim of the study was to report one case of fatal Yersinia enterocolitica infection and two cases of co-infection with Escherichia coli in captive black tufted marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) in Apucarana, Paraná, south Brazil. The affected animals presented severe diarrhea and progressed to death. Gross examination showed multifocal to coalescing necrosis in the liver, mild diffuse hepatomegaly, mild diffuse necrotizing enteritis, moderate splenomegaly and focally extensive hyperemia of the leptomeninges. Microscopically, the liver lesions comprised multifocal areas of lytic necrosis with intralesional colonies of gram-negative coccobacilli, characterizing a severe, random, multifocal to coalescing necrotizing hepatitis. A moderate multifocal lymphocytic cholangiohepatitis, severe focally extensive mucosal necrosis in the small intestine, and mild multifocal lymphoplasmacytic lept...

This study aimed to identify the presence of β‐lactam‐resistant bacteria in different types of Portuguese deli meats. The numbers of ampicillin resistant bacteria varied from negative in 25 g to 1.0 × 108colony‐forming units/g. Within 78 randomly selected β‐lactam‐resistant bacteria, 24 different resistant phenotypes were found and 35.9% were multidrug resistant (MDR). The majority (87.2%) of the isolates identified belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae family. The presence of the blaTEM gene was detected in 23 out of 67 isolates (34.3%) and 16 of them presented MDR phenotypes. Four Klebsiella oxytoca isolates (6%) harbored a gene for the CTX‐M/OXY‐type enzyme. The direct sequencing of their purified amplicons confirmed the presence of three types of blaOXYgenes (blaOXY‐1, blaOXY‐2 and blaOXY‐5). These results suggest that without good hygienic practices, deli meats may act as a vehicle of transfer of β‐lactam‐resistant bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract of consumers.PRACTICAL APPL...

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis 417, a copper-resistant strain isolated from a blighted walnut fruit ( Juglans regia L. cv. Chandler). The genome consists of a single chromosome (5,218 kb).

Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the major etiological agents of streptococcosis in cultured and wild fish. Although there are ten serotypes described for this pathogen, the serotypes Ib, Ia and III are the most common fish diseases worldwide. In Brazil, only serotypes Ib and Ia have been implicated in fish disease so far, with Ia being rare. At the end of 2016, a disease outbreak resulted in high mortality rates in six tilapia farms in northeastern Brazil. Gram-positive cocci were isolated from the brain and kidney of 28 of 29 collected moribund animals, as confirmed by species-specific PCR for S. agalactiae. The isolates were resistant to all aminoglycosides tested, including sulphazotrim (sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim), tetracycline, ampicillin and all fluoroquinolones and were therefore characterized as multidrug-resistant. All of these isolates were characterized molecularly as serotype III. The biofilm formation ability of one of these isolates was higher than that of serotype Ib, which is the most frequent serotype in the country, suggesting an adaptation of the pathogen for maintenance in the aquatic environment. An experimental challenge performed with water temperatures of 22 °C and 31 °C showed mortality rates of 10% and 80%, respectively. Our findings indicate that sanitary barriers in fish culture have weak points and that field and laboratory monitoring should be intensified to prevent and control the transmission of these new strain variants to other regions. Furthermore, the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains in aquatic environments, especially fish pathogens, is alarming and may have unpredictable consequences.

The bacterial resistance for antibiotics is one of the most important problems in public health and only a small number of new products are in development. Antagonistic microorganisms from soil are a promising source of new candidate molecules. Products of secondary metabolism confer adaptive advantages for their producer, in the competition for nutrients in the microbial community. The biosynthesis process of compounds with antibiotic activity is the key to optimize their production and the transcriptomic study of microorganisms is of great benefit for the discovery of these metabolic pathways. Pseudomonas aeruginosa LV strain growing in the presence of copper chloride produces a bioactive organometallic compound, which has a potent antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms. The objective of this study was to verify overexpressed genes and evaluate their relation to the organometallic biosynthesis in this microorganism. P. aeruginosa LV strain was cultured in presence and absence of copper chloride. Two methods were used for transcriptomic analysis, genome reference-guided assembly and de novo assembly. The genome referenced analysis identified nine upregulated genes when bacteria were exposed to copper chloride, while the De Novo Assembly identified 12 upregulated genes. Nineteen genes can be related to an increased microbial metabolism for the extrusion process of exceeding intracellular copper. Two important genes are related to the biosynthesis of phenazine and tetrapyrroles compounds, which can be involved in the bioremediation of intracellular copper and we suggesting that may involve in the biosynthesis of the organometallic compound. Additional studies are being carried out to further prove the function of the described genes and relate them to the biosynthetic pathway of the organometallic compound.

The Leptospira serovar Hedjo belongs to the serogroup sejroe and this serovar is the most prevalent in bovine herds worldwide. The sejroe serogroup is the most frequently detected by serology in Brazilian cattle herds suggesting that it is due serovar Hardjo. In the molecular classification, this serovar has two genotypes: Hardjobovis and Hardjoprajitno. This serovar is as considered as fastidious pathogens, and their isolation is one of the bottlenecks in leptospirosis laboratories. In addition, its molecular characterization using genomic approaches is oftentimes not simple and time-consuming. This study describes a method for isolating the two genotypes of serovar Hardjo using culture medium formulations and suggests a get-at-able molecular characterization. Ten cows naturally infected which were seropositive were selected from small dairy farms, and their urine was collected for bacterial isolation. We evaluated three modifications of liquid Leptospira medium culture supplemente...

This study describes the etiological diversity observed in a severe neonatal diarrhea outbreak with morbidity and mortality rates of 80 and 20%, respectively, with detection of mixed infections with viral, bacterial, and protozoan disease agents in a dairy calf rearing unit. Diarrheic fecal samples were collected from eight 5 to 18 days of age calves and were submitted to the investigation of the presence of rotavirus A (RVA), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine kobuvirus (BKV), bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2 (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Salmonella sp., and Cryptosporidium spp. Fragments of the small intestine of one calf with diarrhea that spontaneously died were submitted for histopathological analyses. The most frequent infectious agent detected in diarrheic fecal samples was BKV (8/8-100%), followed by RVA (5/8-62.5%), BVDV (5/8-62.5%), Cryptosporidium parvum (5/8-62.5%), ETEC (4/8-50%), and Cryptosporidium ryanae (1/8-12.5%). These etiological agents were found in mixed infections with two or more pathogens per diarrheic fecal sample. The association of viral and protozoan pathogens was the most frequently identified (37.5%) in these samples, followed by viral and bacterial (25%); viral, bacterial, and protozoan (25%); and only viral agents (12.5%). BCoV and Salmonella sp. were not identified in the diarrheic fecal samples analyzed. Additionally, histopathology of the small intestine diagnosed chronic lymphocytic enteritis. In conclusion, in calf rearing units, the adoption and strict monitoring of health management practices are critical to the success of this calf creation system.

UFC.cm², demonstrado a maior eficiência do óleo com microencapsulação. O uso de óleo essencial de Syzygium aromaticum microencapsulado poderia servir com uma alternativa promissora no controle de bactérias multirresistentes e formadoras de biofilmes em superfícies de aço inoxidável apresentando algumas vantagens em comparação com o utilizado em sua forma original, principalmente no que diz respeito ao transporte, preservação do conteúdo, manipulação e utilização em matrizes alimentares.

Isolamento de Prototheca spp. de vacas com mastite, de leite de tanques de expansão e do ambiente dos animais ... Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Londrina, v. 28, n. 1, p. 105-114, jan./mar. 2007 Recebido para publicação 14/09/06 Aprovado em 17/01/07

O grupo das tilápias é um dos mais importantes entre os peixes cultivados. O sistema de cultivo mais utilizado é o intensivo, caracterizado por alta taxa de estocagem de peixes tornando-os susceptíveis às doenças infecciosas. A estreptococose é uma das enfermidades que causam grandes prejuízos econômicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar uma vacina de Streptococcus agalactiae inativado aplicada por banho de imersão (b.i) e desafio com cepa homóloga. Foram utilizados 421 tilapia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) com peso médio de 38,38 gramas, distribuídas em dois tratamentos (T1 e T2) e um grupo controle. No T1, os peixes foram vacinados com uma dose da vacina por b.i., com concentração de 5,4 x 10 8 UFC mL-1. O T2 recebeu duas doses da mesma vacina por b.i., com intervalo de 25 dias. O grupo controle recebeu água ultrapura por b.i. Os peixes foram desafiados por via intraperitoneal (i.p.), com concentração de 3,0 x 10 8 UFC mL-1 43 dias após a primeira ou segunda dose da vacina, de acordo com o tratamento. Os peixes dos tratamentos e controle foram monitorados durante 16 dias após o desafio. Comparativamente ao grupo controle os resultados obtidos para o T1 foram: p = 0,0805, RR = 0,79 (IC 95%: 0,61-1,01) e RPS = 21%. Para o T2 foram: p = 0,0296, RR = 0,74 (IC 95%: 0,56-0,96) e RPS = 26%. A mortalidade após o desafio foi de 57 peixes (40,71%) no T1, 51 (38,06%) no T2, e 76 (51,7%) no grupo controle. Não houve diferença significativa entre T1 e T2 e p=0,7445. Este resultado permite concluir que a vacina testada por b.i. com uma e duas doses apresentou baixa eficácia na imunização das tilápias.

Predominance of ectoparasites and bacteria diagnosis were identified in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), GIFT strain, bred in net-tanks at different densities. Current experiment was performed in the Corvo's river, State of Paraná, Brazil, in two cycles: cycle A installed in August 2010 with 155 days, and cycle B, installed in February 2011 with 128 days. Twenty 6.8 m-3 (2.0 x 2.0 x 1.7 m) net-tanks were employed, using 6.0 m-3 and five densities (150, 175, 200, 225 and 250 fish/m-3), with four replications each. No significant difference was registered with regard to the prevalence of ectoparasites due to densities in the two experimental cycles. In the months of September to November cycle A displayed increase in the predominance of Trichodina and a decrease in the prevalence of Monogenoidea and mixed parasites. Further, an inverse relationship with a decrease in the prevalence of Trichodina and an increase in the prevalence of Monogenoidea and mixed parasites occurred during October and November. Trochodina prevalence occurred in October and November. Cycle B showed a significant difference in total prevalence of ectoparasites due to months. There was an increase in tricodinid infestation between March and June in proportion to increase of density and throughout the experiment. More care should be taken with regard to densities during the period. No positive result was registered in the diagnosis of bacteria in Nile tilapias in the two cycles. The above was perhaps due to the water quality standards for the species and the cleanliness of the net-tanks for the experiments. Density increase did not affect the prevalence of ectoparasites and influenced tricodinid infestation between March and June.

Streptococcus iniae is associated with morbidity in commercial fish species, especially in olive flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus), and was recently identified as an emerging human pathogen. Here, we report the complete 2.09-Mb genome sequence of S. iniae strain YSFST01-82, isolated from an olive flounder with streptococcosis disease in Jeju, South Korea.

This study evaluated the population dynamics and ownerships of dogs and cats from the city of Jaguapitã, southern Brazil. The human to dog and cat ratios were 4.6 and 21.5, respectively. Comparatively more dogs (n=2,460) than cats (n=571) were within the households and there were significantly more male (55.8%; 679/1,217) dogs relative to females (44.2%; 538/1217). Most cats (69.2%; 180/260) did not received any antiparasitic medication, were not immunized against rabies (91.2%; 237/260) or any specific infectious disease (91.5%; 238/260). Less than half (40.8%; 106/260) of these was below oneyear-of age, but a significant number of cats was without any definite breed (81.2%; 211/260), and not spayed (93.5%; 243/260). Most dogs were of the mixed breed (69.5%; 846/1217), between one and four-years old (42.6%; 519/1217), and not spayed (96.3%; 1172/1,217). An elevated population of dogs received anthelminthic drugs (71%; 865/1,217), but most of these were not immunized against rabies (63.8% 777/1,217) or other infectious disease (58.6%; 713/1,217). Most (68.7%; 770/1,120) households were owners of a pet dog and/or cat; 54.4% (610/1,120) of these owned only dogs, 4.9% (55/1,120) were the owners of cats only, while 9.4% (105/1,120) owned pet dogs and cats. The results obtained are similar to those described in populated cities of Brazil and other countries. However, the free street access of pets associated with the reduced level of immunization against canine and feline infectious diseases coupled with the responsibility of ownership demonstrated by most residents make these animals highly susceptible to zoonotic and infectious diseases. Additionally, the free street access of unsprayed pets increases the risk of contact with other animals and the transmission of disease.