Papers by Nabaraj Gautam
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Nov 16, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences
Background: Quality health services, education and training, play a pivotal role in expanding the... more Background: Quality health services, education and training, play a pivotal role in expanding the productivity and income of the people. The government's expenditure on education, health and social sector is increasing rapidly in developing countries like Nepal. The increasing public spending has helped achieve the MDGs targets and is helping to meet the SDGs targets. Objectives: This study is engrossed in measuring the impact of the government’s expenditure on education, health and social sector on the economic growth of Nepal. Methods: The fundamental Cobb-Douglas production function is applied to measure the economic growth of the Nepalese economy. The unit root and stationarity of variables are checked through ADF, PP and KPSS. The time series econometric model of ARDL is used to explore the short-run and long-run relationship of the variables. The validity of the ARDL model is also examined to verify the authenticity of the econometric outcome. Results: The study has antici...
Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies
PurposeAgriculture, since time immemorial, has been a major sector in reducing poverty, accelerat... more PurposeAgriculture, since time immemorial, has been a major sector in reducing poverty, accelerating economic activities and source of sustainability of a nation. As most of the youth in the 21st century are targeting the youth's career in the non-agricultural sector, attracting and involving the youths in agribusinesses is the need of the hour. In this regard, the research tries to understand the awareness and involvement of youth farmers in agripreneurship in Western Nepal.Design/methodology/approachUsing a structured questionnaire, data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. On the basis of descriptive and inferential analysis, the ordered logit model is employed in the study. The research is based on explanatory research design through identifying farmers' awareness of agriculture entrepreneurship from 324 farmers of Bedkot Municipality, Kanchanpur, Nepal.FindingsStudy findings have shown that agricultural knowledge with overall awareness is statisticall...
The effectiveness of foreign aid to reduce poverty in poor countries like Nepal is being increasi... more The effectiveness of foreign aid to reduce poverty in poor countries like Nepal is being increasingly questioned because in spite of its major significance in support of development expenditure, poverty appears to be worsening. A number of problems have been identified regarding the conditionality of aid, poor donor coordination resulting in duplication and even competition among the donors, unpredictability of aid, weak monitoring of aid impact and a number of other factors. The World Bank and the IMF have provided the leadership in influencing development approaches, the underlying conditions and the resources that would be made available. The other major donors have also accepted the recommendations of these two multilateral organizations and based their support decisions accordingly. During the mid eighties most of the developing countries seeking support from these multilaterals were introduced to the concept and a rigorous programme of Structural Adjustments focusing on growth based on liberalization, privatization, deregulation and control on domestic borrowing. Poverty reduction was expected to follow from the above changes. Foreign aid for Nepal has increased rapidly over the years. If it was Rs. 386.76 million in 1974/75, ten years later it was Rs. 2676.4 million in 1984/85. In 1994/95 it was Rs. 11249.4 million, in 2002/03 it was Rs. 15885.6 million and in 2007/08 it had reached Rs. 34060.8 million. The peak was in 2007/08 when it reached Rs. 34060.8 million. The significance of these figures is quite apparent in the context of Nepal's development expenditure. For the entire decade of the nineties, foreign aid's share in development expenditure has been more than 50% when in 2007/08 it exceeded even 60%. With such a large role in the development budget, foreign aid is clearly very significant in all aspects of development in Nepal, including poverty reduction and agricultural development. Another important characteristic of foreign aid is that the share of multilateral loans has increased quite markedly over the years. According to the fiscal year 2007/08, the breakdown between grants and loans was about 66.75 percent and 33.25 percent respectively. The external debt has also increased over the years because of the increasing loans. In 1975/76 the debt outstanding to GDP ratio was only 2.74 percent. In 1997/96 this had increased to 50.25 percent and it 2001/02 this was 52.25 percent. Another important dimension of foreign aid has been the lack of improvement in aid absorption. As more than one-third of aid commitment has remained un-utilized even after so much of efforts, there is no rational for seeking more aid without first improving the aid absorptive capacity of the economy. In this dissertation all data have been used from secondary sources collected from different government organizations and international donor agencies. The objective of the study is to find out the trend and structure of foreign aid and its contribution and impact in agricultural development of Nepal. It has been significant improvements in agriculture sector and increase in production capacity as well. So the foreign aid has played a vital role for the development of agriculture sector. The regression results also show that the contribution of total foreign aid has played significant role in the growth of total GDP while it has less impact in agriculture sector thorough the agriculture aid because the higher proportion of total foreign aid is diverting on the power and communication sector. After FY 2004/05 the ratio of aid inflow is increasing significantly on the social service sector while at the same period the aid inflow in agriculture sector is significantly decreasing. In fact foreign aid has played a remarkable role for the development of the agriculture sector. However, the total aid inflow is increasing along with decreasing in agriculture aid, the over all impact and outcome is not satisfactory. Before FY 2001/02, the flow of aid in agriculture sector is significantly higher but the outcome is very less remarkable so today in Nepal the problems such as malnutrition and starvation due to lack of proper foods supply is increasing. So it's necessary to review the foreign aid policy which really works in benefits of Nepalese people. And it's necessary to change the expenditure patterns and implementation strategies.
This research delivers a cohesive system dynamic model for the assessment of sustainable developm... more This research delivers a cohesive system dynamic model for the assessment of sustainable development indicators, which will assist to explore the alternative scenarios of access to market, human well-being, environmental degradation, environmental balance, sustainability, and quality of life. This model is developed through the interaction of three pillars of sustainable development: social, economic, and environment. Since Nepal has adopted the agenda for sustainable development in 2003, this study helps policy makers and decision makers for sustainable development planning in Nepal. The initial simulation output shows that quality of life expands exponentially after 20 years in the modeling period. Further, the environment will be balanced within 40 years of the modeling period, but, because of increase in pollution and urbanization, the degree of environmental degradation also exhibits exponential growth. Therefore, the government of Nepal should adopt the appropriate policy measures to reduce the environmental degradation and its impacts on human beings and ecosystem. In addition, this model creates wider space for policy makers, professionals, academicians, and researchers to analyze the interconnectedness of sustainable development indicators and their future prospects.
Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 2019
Background: Hopefully, if rest of things work as expected, the adequate supply of electricity, as... more Background: Hopefully, if rest of things work as expected, the adequate supply of electricity, as one of the major industrial energy inputs, plays vital role in determining the industrial production, at large. In this paper, the present researchers assumed that the present state of scarcity of electricity may reveal their higher level of willingness to pay for higher energy efficient ratio as a pay-off of their improved industrial productivity. It is a proven fact that as one of the dominant indicators of national economic development and prosperity, effective electricity management procedures for industry increases significantly the productivity and operational efficiency. Objectives: The present paper attempts to explore the willingness of industrialists to pay more for adequate electricity supply for the industrial purpose in the present context of Nepal. Methods: Extensive desk review was carried out with a directed intension to develop insights on effective management of energy...
Scholars' Journal
Demonetisation of Indian Currency of Rs 500 and Rs 1000 notes was taken as an important tool to f... more Demonetisation of Indian Currency of Rs 500 and Rs 1000 notes was taken as an important tool to fight against crime, tax evasion, corruption and other activities held in underground economy in India. Demonetisation in India directly affected the Nepali economy as India is the largest trading partner with common cultural relationship and open-border. The objective of the study was to examine the effect of recent demonetisation (November. 8, 2016) of India to Nepal. The study used the systematic review to find the effect of Indian demonetisation to the Nepali economy. The study found that it has paved the way for digital payments and supported the process of financial inclusion. The overall transformation in the economy translates into long-term benefit for the industry in India. But, the informal firms faced the liquidity crunch to pay their suppliers and workers without the standard access to cash in India. However, business sector and general people of Nepal are hard hit by the dem...
Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences, Jan 28, 2020
Background: Hopefully, if rest of things work as expected, the adequate supply of electricity, as... more Background: Hopefully, if rest of things work as expected, the adequate supply of electricity, as one of the major industrial energy inputs, plays vital role in determining the industrial production, at large. In this paper, the present researchers assumed that the present state of scarcity of electricity may reveal their higher level of willingness to pay for higher energy efficient ratio as a pay-off of their improved industrial productivity. It is a proven fact that as one of the dominant indicators of national economic development and prosperity, effective electricity management procedures for industry increases significantly the productivity and operational efficiency.
The Post, 2014
However, the increasing interdependence among the nations and societies is providing better oppor... more However, the increasing interdependence among the nations and societies is providing better opportunity to grab the positive synergy of globalization, although the existing socio-cultural practices and traditional norms and values are threatened because of globalization. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the globalization indicators and human development indicators in South Asia. The paper is primarily based on KOF Globalization index.
Journal of HUFS-GSIAS Development and Global Studies, Oct 1, 2013
This paper delivers a cohesive system dynamic model for the assessment of sustainable development... more This paper delivers a cohesive system dynamic model for the assessment of sustainable development indicators, which will assist to explore the alternative scenarios of access to market, human well-being, environmental degradation, pattern of energy consumption, environmental balance, sustainability, and quality of life. This model is developed through the interaction of three pillars of sustainable development: social, economic, and environment. This theoretical framework will help policy makers and decision makers for sustainable development planning of not only Nepal but also other countries. In addition, this model will create wider space for policy makers, professionals, academics, and researchers to analyze the interconnectedness of sustainable development indicators and their future prospects in the rest of the world.
Book Reviews by Nabaraj Gautam
Thesis Chapters by Nabaraj Gautam
Graduate Thesis, 2009
The effectiveness of foreign aid to reduce poverty in poor countries like Nepal is being increasi... more The effectiveness of foreign aid to reduce poverty in poor countries like Nepal is being increasingly questioned because in spite of its major significance in support of development expenditure, poverty appears to be worsening. A number of problems have been identified regarding the conditionality of aid, poor donor coordination resulting in duplication and even competition among the donors, unpredictability of aid, weak monitoring of aid impact and a number of other factors. The World Bank and the IMF have provided the leadership in influencing development approaches, the underlying conditions and the resources that would be made available. The other major donors have also accepted the recommendations of these two multilateral organizations and based their support decisions accordingly. During the mid eighties most of the developing countries seeking support from these multilaterals were introduced to the concept and a rigorous programme of Structural Adjustments focusing on growth based on liberalization, privatization, deregulation and control on domestic borrowing. Poverty reduction was expected to follow from the above changes.
Foreign aid for Nepal has increased rapidly over the years. If it was Rs. 386.76 million in 1974/75, ten years later it was Rs. 2676.4 million in 1984/85. In 1994/95 it was Rs. 11249.4 million, in 2002/03 it was Rs. 15885.6 million and in 2007/08 it had reached Rs. 34060.8 million. The peak was in 2007/08 when it reached Rs. 34060.8 million. The significance of these figures is quite apparent in the context of Nepal's development expenditure. For the entire decade of the nineties, foreign aid's share in development expenditure has been more than 50% when in 2007/08 it exceeded even 60%. With such a large role in the development budget, foreign aid is clearly very significant in all aspects of development in Nepal, including poverty reduction and agricultural development.
Another important characteristic of foreign aid is that the share of multilateral loans has increased quite markedly over the years. According to the fiscal year 2007/08, the breakdown between grants and loans was about 66.75 percent and 33.25 percent respectively. The external debt has also increased over the years because of the increasing loans. In 1975/76 the debt outstanding to GDP ratio was only 2.74 percent. In 1997/96 this had increased to 50.25 percent and it 2001/02 this was 52.25 percent. Another important dimension of foreign aid has been the lack of improvement in aid absorption. As more than one-third of aid commitment has remained un-utilized even after so much of efforts, there is no rational for seeking more aid without first improving the aid absorptive capacity of the economy.
In this dissertation all data have been used from secondary sources collected from different government organizations and international donor agencies. The objective of the study is to find out the trend and structure of foreign aid and its contribution and impact in agricultural development of Nepal. It has been significant improvements in agriculture sector and increase in production capacity as well. So the foreign aid has played a vital role for the development of agriculture sector. The regression results also show that the contribution of total foreign aid has played significant role in the growth of total GDP while it has less impact in agriculture sector thorough the agriculture aid because the higher proportion of total foreign aid is diverting on the power and communication sector. After FY 2004/05 the ratio of aid inflow is increasing significantly on the social service sector while at the same period the aid inflow in agriculture sector is significantly decreasing.
In fact foreign aid has played a remarkable role for the development of the agriculture sector. However, the total aid inflow is increasing along with decreasing in agriculture aid, the over all impact and outcome is not satisfactory. Before FY 2001/02, the flow of aid in agriculture sector is significantly higher but the outcome is very less remarkable so today in Nepal the problems such as malnutrition and starvation due to lack of proper foods supply is increasing. So it's necessary to review the foreign aid policy which really works in benefits of Nepalese people. And it's necessary to change the expenditure patterns and implementation strategies.
This research delivers a cohesive system dynamic model for the assessment of sustainable developm... more This research delivers a cohesive system dynamic model for the assessment of sustainable development indicators, which will assist to explore the alternative scenarios of access to market, human well-being, environmental degradation, environmental balance, sustainability, and quality of life. This model is developed through the interaction of three pillars of sustainable development: social, economic, and environment. Since Nepal has adopted the agenda for sustainable development in 2003, this study helps policy makers and decision makers for sustainable development planning in Nepal.
The initial simulation output shows that quality of life expands exponentially after 20 years in the modeling period. Further, the environment will be balanced within 40 years of the modeling period, but, because of increase in pollution and urbanization, the degree of environmental degradation also exhibits exponential growth. Therefore, the government of Nepal should adopt the appropriate policy measures to reduce the environmental degradation and its impacts on human beings and ecosystem. In addition, this model creates wider space for policy makers, professionals, academicians, and researchers to analyze the interconnectedness of sustainable development indicators and their future prospects.
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Papers by Nabaraj Gautam
Book Reviews by Nabaraj Gautam
Thesis Chapters by Nabaraj Gautam
Foreign aid for Nepal has increased rapidly over the years. If it was Rs. 386.76 million in 1974/75, ten years later it was Rs. 2676.4 million in 1984/85. In 1994/95 it was Rs. 11249.4 million, in 2002/03 it was Rs. 15885.6 million and in 2007/08 it had reached Rs. 34060.8 million. The peak was in 2007/08 when it reached Rs. 34060.8 million. The significance of these figures is quite apparent in the context of Nepal's development expenditure. For the entire decade of the nineties, foreign aid's share in development expenditure has been more than 50% when in 2007/08 it exceeded even 60%. With such a large role in the development budget, foreign aid is clearly very significant in all aspects of development in Nepal, including poverty reduction and agricultural development.
Another important characteristic of foreign aid is that the share of multilateral loans has increased quite markedly over the years. According to the fiscal year 2007/08, the breakdown between grants and loans was about 66.75 percent and 33.25 percent respectively. The external debt has also increased over the years because of the increasing loans. In 1975/76 the debt outstanding to GDP ratio was only 2.74 percent. In 1997/96 this had increased to 50.25 percent and it 2001/02 this was 52.25 percent. Another important dimension of foreign aid has been the lack of improvement in aid absorption. As more than one-third of aid commitment has remained un-utilized even after so much of efforts, there is no rational for seeking more aid without first improving the aid absorptive capacity of the economy.
In this dissertation all data have been used from secondary sources collected from different government organizations and international donor agencies. The objective of the study is to find out the trend and structure of foreign aid and its contribution and impact in agricultural development of Nepal. It has been significant improvements in agriculture sector and increase in production capacity as well. So the foreign aid has played a vital role for the development of agriculture sector. The regression results also show that the contribution of total foreign aid has played significant role in the growth of total GDP while it has less impact in agriculture sector thorough the agriculture aid because the higher proportion of total foreign aid is diverting on the power and communication sector. After FY 2004/05 the ratio of aid inflow is increasing significantly on the social service sector while at the same period the aid inflow in agriculture sector is significantly decreasing.
In fact foreign aid has played a remarkable role for the development of the agriculture sector. However, the total aid inflow is increasing along with decreasing in agriculture aid, the over all impact and outcome is not satisfactory. Before FY 2001/02, the flow of aid in agriculture sector is significantly higher but the outcome is very less remarkable so today in Nepal the problems such as malnutrition and starvation due to lack of proper foods supply is increasing. So it's necessary to review the foreign aid policy which really works in benefits of Nepalese people. And it's necessary to change the expenditure patterns and implementation strategies.
The initial simulation output shows that quality of life expands exponentially after 20 years in the modeling period. Further, the environment will be balanced within 40 years of the modeling period, but, because of increase in pollution and urbanization, the degree of environmental degradation also exhibits exponential growth. Therefore, the government of Nepal should adopt the appropriate policy measures to reduce the environmental degradation and its impacts on human beings and ecosystem. In addition, this model creates wider space for policy makers, professionals, academicians, and researchers to analyze the interconnectedness of sustainable development indicators and their future prospects.
Foreign aid for Nepal has increased rapidly over the years. If it was Rs. 386.76 million in 1974/75, ten years later it was Rs. 2676.4 million in 1984/85. In 1994/95 it was Rs. 11249.4 million, in 2002/03 it was Rs. 15885.6 million and in 2007/08 it had reached Rs. 34060.8 million. The peak was in 2007/08 when it reached Rs. 34060.8 million. The significance of these figures is quite apparent in the context of Nepal's development expenditure. For the entire decade of the nineties, foreign aid's share in development expenditure has been more than 50% when in 2007/08 it exceeded even 60%. With such a large role in the development budget, foreign aid is clearly very significant in all aspects of development in Nepal, including poverty reduction and agricultural development.
Another important characteristic of foreign aid is that the share of multilateral loans has increased quite markedly over the years. According to the fiscal year 2007/08, the breakdown between grants and loans was about 66.75 percent and 33.25 percent respectively. The external debt has also increased over the years because of the increasing loans. In 1975/76 the debt outstanding to GDP ratio was only 2.74 percent. In 1997/96 this had increased to 50.25 percent and it 2001/02 this was 52.25 percent. Another important dimension of foreign aid has been the lack of improvement in aid absorption. As more than one-third of aid commitment has remained un-utilized even after so much of efforts, there is no rational for seeking more aid without first improving the aid absorptive capacity of the economy.
In this dissertation all data have been used from secondary sources collected from different government organizations and international donor agencies. The objective of the study is to find out the trend and structure of foreign aid and its contribution and impact in agricultural development of Nepal. It has been significant improvements in agriculture sector and increase in production capacity as well. So the foreign aid has played a vital role for the development of agriculture sector. The regression results also show that the contribution of total foreign aid has played significant role in the growth of total GDP while it has less impact in agriculture sector thorough the agriculture aid because the higher proportion of total foreign aid is diverting on the power and communication sector. After FY 2004/05 the ratio of aid inflow is increasing significantly on the social service sector while at the same period the aid inflow in agriculture sector is significantly decreasing.
In fact foreign aid has played a remarkable role for the development of the agriculture sector. However, the total aid inflow is increasing along with decreasing in agriculture aid, the over all impact and outcome is not satisfactory. Before FY 2001/02, the flow of aid in agriculture sector is significantly higher but the outcome is very less remarkable so today in Nepal the problems such as malnutrition and starvation due to lack of proper foods supply is increasing. So it's necessary to review the foreign aid policy which really works in benefits of Nepalese people. And it's necessary to change the expenditure patterns and implementation strategies.
The initial simulation output shows that quality of life expands exponentially after 20 years in the modeling period. Further, the environment will be balanced within 40 years of the modeling period, but, because of increase in pollution and urbanization, the degree of environmental degradation also exhibits exponential growth. Therefore, the government of Nepal should adopt the appropriate policy measures to reduce the environmental degradation and its impacts on human beings and ecosystem. In addition, this model creates wider space for policy makers, professionals, academicians, and researchers to analyze the interconnectedness of sustainable development indicators and their future prospects.