Tumbuka dili
| Tumbuka dili | |
|---|---|
| Bölge | Güneydoğu Afrika |
| Etnisite | Senga (Zambiya), Tumbuka, Yombe (Zambiya), Phoka (Malavi), Henga, Nenyalar, Kuzey Ngoniler ve Tongalar (Malavi) |
| Konuşan sayısı | 8.9 milyon |
| Dil ailesi | Varsayılan
|
| Tanınmış azınlık dili | |
| Dil kodları | |
| ISO 639-3 | tum |
| Glottolog | tumb1250[1] |
| Guthrie kodu | N.21[2] |
Chitumbuka veya sadece Tumbuka (Senga (Zambiya) ve diğer adlarla da bilinir), Orta ve Güney Afrika'da konuşulan bir Bantu dilidir ve öncelikle Malavi, Zambiya, Tanzanya ve Zimbabve'de konuşulmaktadır.[3][4] En az 13 Bantu halkının ana dili ve birincil dilidir; bunlar Senga, Tumbuka, Yombe, Phoka, Henga, Balowoka, Fungwe, Hewe, Kuzey Ngoni, Kamanga ve Tonga halkıdır (Malavi) ve 12 bilinen lehçesi bulunmaktadır.[5]
Kaynakça
[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, (Ed.) (2017). "{{{name}}}". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. Guthrie Listesi Yeni Güncellemesi
- ^ Michigan State University African Studies Center information page.
- ^ PeopleGroups.org. "PeopleGroups.org - Tumbuka of Zimbabwe". peoplegroups.org. Erişim tarihi: 13 Nisan 2025.
- ^ "HISTORY OF THE KAMANGA TRIBE OF LAKE NYASA: A NATIVE ACCOUNT". African Affairs. X (XXXIX): 331-341. 1 Nisan 1911. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a101800. ISSN 0001-9909.
Bibliyografya
[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]- Botne, Robert (1999). "Future and distal -ka-'s: Proto-Bantu or nascent form(s)?". In: Jean-Marie Hombert and Larry M. Hyman (eds.), Bantu Historical Linguistics: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives. Stanford, CA: Center for the Study of Language and Information, pp. 473–515.
- Chase, Robert (2004). "A Comparison of Demonstratives in the Karonga and Henga Dialects of Tumbuka". Undergraduate paper. Amherst: Dept. of Linguistics, Univ. of Massachusetts.
- Chavula, Jean Josephine (2016). "Verbal derivation and valency in Chitumbuka". Leiden University doctoral thesis.
- Downing, Laura J. (2006). "The Prosody and Syntax of Focus in Chitumbuka". ZAS Papers in Linguistics 43, 55-79.
- Downing, Laura J. (2008). "Focus and prominence in Chichewa, Chitumbuka and Durban Zulu". ZAS Papers in Linguistics 49, 47-65.
- Downing, Laura J. (2012). "On the (Non-)congruence of Focus and Prominence in Tumbuka". Selected Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference on African Linguistics, ed. Michael R. Marlo et al., 122-133. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
- Downing, Laura J. (2017). "Tone and intonation in Chichewa and Tumbuka". In Laura J. Downing & Annie Rialland (eds) Intonation in African Tone Languages. de Gruyter, Berlin/Boston, pp. 365–392.
- Downing, Laura J. (2019). "Tumbuka prosody: Between tone and stress". In: Emily Clem et al (eds). Theory and Description in African Linguistics: Selected papers from the 47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, 75-94. Also available online at: [1]
- Elmslie, Walter Angus (1923): Introductory Grammar of the Tumbuka Language. Livingstonia Mission Press.
- Kamwendo, Gregory H. (2004). Kamwendo "Your Chitumbuka is Shallow. It's not the Real Chitumbuka: Linguistic Purism Among Chitumbuka Speakers in Malawi", Nordic Journal of African Studies 13(3): 275–288.
- Kishindo, Pascal J. et Allan L. Lipenga (2006). Parlons citumbuka : langue et culture du Malawi et de la Zambie, L'Harmattan, Paris, Budapest, Kinshasa, 138 pages. 2-296-00470-9
- Kishindo, Pascal J. (ed), Jean J. Chavula and others (2018). Tumbuka dili: Mung'anamulira mazgo wa Citumbuka (Citumbuka dictionary). Centre for Language Studies, University of Malawi. 978-99960-9-610-5
- Kiso, Andrea (2012). "Tense and Aspect in Chichewa, Citumbuka, and Cisena". Ph.D. Thesis. Stockholm University.
- McNicholl, Duncan (2010). "The No-Nonsense Guide to Learning Chitumbuka: Volume 1".
- Moto, Francis (1999). "The Tonal Phonology of Bantu Ideophones". Malilime: Malawian Journal of Linguistics no.1, 100-120. (pp. 112–119 deals with tone in Chitumbuka ideophones).
- Mphande, L. (1989). "A Phonological Analysis of the Ideophone in Chitumbuka". Ph.D. Dissertation. The University of Texas, Austin.
- Shiozaki, Lisa (2004). "Concordial agreement in the Karonga dialect of Tumbuka". Undergraduate paper. Amherst: Dept. of Linguistics, Univ. of Massachusetts.
- Turner, W.M. (1952). Tumbuka–Tonga–English Dictionary The Hetherwick Press, Blantyre, Nyasaland (now Malawi).
- University of Malawi Centre for Language Studies (2006). "Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi".
- Vail, Hazen Leroy (1971). "The noun classes of Tumbuka". African studies, v. 30, 1, p. 35-59.
- Vail, Hazen Leroy (1972). "Aspects of the Tumbuka Verb". Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin.
Dış bağlantılar
[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]- Tumbuka dili hakkında çok kısa bir rapor.
- Kuzey Malavi Dil Haritalama Araştırması . Malavi Üniversitesi Dil Çalışmaları Merkezi, 2006.
- Kuzey Malavi Dil Haritası
- Biraz daha chiTumbuka kelime bilgisi.
- Tumbuka'daki PanAfrican L10n sayfası
- Citumbuka tek dilli sözlük
