toki Mase
| toki Mase
Kajin M̧aje anu Kajin Majõl | |
|---|---|
| ma |  kulupu Mase pi ma telo ma Nawelo |
| kulupu toki | Osonesija |
| nanpa toki | |
| ISO 639-1 | mh |
| ISO 639-2 | mah |
| ISO 639-3 | mah |
toki Mase (toki Mase: Kajin M̧aje anu Kajin Majõl, kalama: [kɑ͡æzʲinʲ(e͡ɤ) mˠɑɑ̯zʲɛ͡ʌɫ]) li toki lon kulupu Mase pi ma telo.
kalama
[o ante | o ante e toki ilo]kalama pini
[o ante | o ante e toki ilo]toki Mase li jo e kalama pini mute tu.
| selo uta | sinpin pi palisa uta | monsi pi palisa uta | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sewi kiwen | sewi ko | sewi kiwen | sewi ko | selo sike | (sewi ko) | selo sike | |
| lili | suli | lili | suli | suli | |||
| pini | pʲ | pˠ | tʲ | tˠ | k | kʷ | |
| nena | mʲ | mˠ | nʲ | nˠ | nʷ | ŋ | ŋʷ |
| palisa uta li kama sewi | rʲ | rˠ | rʷ | ||||
| poka | lʲ | lˠ | lʷ | ||||
| kalama open | j | (ɰ)[a] | w | ||||
kalama open
[o ante | o ante e toki ilo]toki Mase li jo e kalama open tu tu, ona mute li ken ante.
| kalama open pi toki Mase | ante | sitelen | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sewi | kalama | sike ala | sike | sike ala | sike | |||
| sinpin | monsi | sinpin | monsi | |||||
| sewi | (pini) | /ɨ/ | [i] | [ɯ] | [u] | i | u | |
| meso sewi | (pini sama) | /ɘ/ | [ɪ] | [ɤ] (suli) | [ʊ] | i (anu ę) | o | ū (anu ü) |
| meso anpa | (open sama) | /ɜ/ | [e] | [ʌ] (lili) |
[o] | e | o̧ (anu o̠) | ō (anu ü) |
| anpa | (open) | /ɐ/ | [ɛ] | [ɑ] | [ɔ] | a | ā (anu ä) | |
nasin sitelen
[o ante | o ante e toki ilo]| sitelen lili meso | kalama | sitelen lili ante | kalama | sitelen lili li jo e | kalama | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | A | /ɐ/ [ɛ] /ɐ/ [ɑ] |
ā (anu ä) | Ā (anu Ä) | /ɐ/ [ɔ] | |||||
| b | B | /bˠ/ | ||||||||
| d | D | /r̪ˠ/ | ||||||||
| e | E | /ɜ/ [e] | ||||||||
| i | I | /ɨ/ [i] /ɘ/ [ɪ] |
||||||||
| j (anu y) | J (anu Y) | /j/ [ʒ] /j/ [j] |
||||||||
| k | K | /k/ | ||||||||
| l | L | /l̪ʲ/ | ļ (anu ł) | Ļ (anu Ł) | /l̪ˠ/ | |||||
| m | M | /mʲ/ | m̧ (anu m̠) | M̧ (anu M̠) | /mˠ/ | |||||
| n | N | /n̪ʲ/ | ņ (anu n̠) | Ņ (anu N̠) | /n̪ˠ/ | n̄ (anu ñ anu ŋ) | N̄ (anu Ñ anu Ŋ) | /ŋ/ | ||
| o | O | /ɘ/ [ɤ] (suli) | o̧ (anu o̠) | O̧ (anu O̠) | /ɜ/ [ʌ] (lili) | ō (anu ö) | Ō (anu Ö) | /ɜ/ [o] | ||
| p | P | /pʲ/ | ||||||||
| r | R | /r̪ʲ/ | ||||||||
| t | T | /t̪ˠ/ | ||||||||
| u | U | /ɨ/ [ɯ] /ɨ/ [u] |
ū (anu ü) | Ū (anu Ü) | /ɘ/ [ʊ] | |||||
| w | W | /w/ /ʷ/ |
||||||||
tan sona
[o ante | o ante e toki ilo]- Bender, Byron W. (1968). Marshallese phonology. Oceanic Linguistics, 7, 16-35.
- Bender, Byron W. (1969). Spoken Marshallese: an intensive language course with grammatical notes and glossary. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0870220705
- Bender, Byron W. (1969). Vowel dissimilation in Marshallese. In Working papers in linguistics (No. 11, pp. 88-96). University of Hawaii.
- Bender, Byron W. (1973). Parallelisms in the morphophonemics of several Micronesian languages. Oceanic Linguistics, 12, 455-477.
- Choi, John D. (1992). Phonetic underspecification and target interpolation: An acoustic study of Marshallese vowel allophony. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics (No. 82). (o lukin e ona lon lipu Internet Archive.)
- Hale, Mark. (2007) Chapter 5 of Historical Linguistics: Theory and Method. Blackwell
- Hale, Mark. (2000). Marshallese phonology, the phonetics-phonology interface and historical linguistics. The Linguistic Review, 17, 241-257.
sona namako
[o ante | o ante e toki ilo]- ↑ nasin sitelen la jan li sitelen ala e ona