Papers by Rajagopal Vadivel
African Journal of Agricultural Research, Sep 16, 2014
Vinasse is a waste material from distillery industries which has lot of organic and inorganic loa... more Vinasse is a waste material from distillery industries which has lot of organic and inorganic loads. It is utilized in agriculture for cheap nutrients source, ameliorating agents and animal feed beyond the limitation of high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD; 46100 to 96000 mgL-1), chemical oxygen demand (COD; 104000 to 134400 mgL-1) and total dissolved salts (30.5 to 45.2 dSm-1) content even after the pollutant removal treatments. Vinasse treatments with combined approach of aerobic and anaerobic methods are more effective by both cost and pollutant on removal efficiency. Optimized dose of vinasse application has significance over soil properties, crop qualities and yield improvement. Globally, it has high potential to substitute potassium and nitrogen nutrients to the present level of annual consumption. It also contributes a substantial amount of phosphorous, calcium, sulphur and micronutrients to crops. In developed countries, starchy vinasse used as animal feed on a lean season to animals that improved the feed digestibility and animal quality where feed shortages are experienced. However, inadequate knowledge of vinasse properties and mode of utilization in agriculture questioned environmental quality for ground water pollution. Further research is needed to be strengthened for increased pollutant removal efficiency and diversified utilization in different cropping system (temporal scale) for effective utilization and safe disposal to the ecosystem. This article aimed to give the vinasse kinds and their characteristics features, soil-vinases interaction mechanism and its influence on plant, soil and water quality as consequence in agriculture.
Frontiers in Plant Science, Apr 18, 2023
International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2021
The increased water scarcity made the people dependent the poor quality saline water largely for ... more The increased water scarcity made the people dependent the poor quality saline water largely for agriculture and other uses. There are numerous techniques have been employed to remediate them yet they are incomplete as many of them failed to satisfy the eco-friendly and cost effective. It is aimed to develop eco-friendly techniques for amelioration of saline water chemical properties at source point to fit it more agriculture use. In this regard, saline waters 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 dS m-1 were treated with indigenous materials viz. Amla stem powder, Muringa seed powder, Tattamparai Seeds powder, dried lemon fruit powder and coconut shell biochar @ 4 g L-1 and 6 g L-1 were used for incubation duration of six hours and twelve hours. Results revealed that electrical conductivity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride and sulphate content and their effect size decreased significantly with increase of saline water EC. The six gram materials and six hours incubation were optimized for the ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences
The gravel content in the landscape varies in time and space for the interaction of external fact... more The gravel content in the landscape varies in time and space for the interaction of external factors namely climate and vegetation. The vegetation plays a greater role on gravel disintegration in the landscape at initial stage of soil development can be studied keeping other factors as constant. The objective of this study was to account the change of particle content, particle movements, regolith depth, bulk density, soil organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, pH, mineralizable nitrogen and quantification of both above and below ground biomass production of grasses/fodder crops on the gravelly land. In this regard, locally suitable fodder crops such as napier grass, stylo grass, marvel-stylo grass intercrop and marvel grass were raised. Representative soil samples (45–50 kg) were collected from the surface as well as subsurface layers and separated into different sizes for four consecutive years i.e. 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15 and 2015–16. The amount of gravel disintegration decreased with increase in gravel size, time and depth. Overall, the gravel reduction under napier grass, stylo-marvel inter cropping system, stylo and marvel grass cultivation were 91, 65, 52 and 21 g kg−1, respectively higher than that of native fallow land. The increase of soil content, regolith depth, soil organic carbon content and mineralizable nitrogen were highly associated with lowering of gravel content, bulk density and soil pH observed across the treatments. To conclude, cultivation of napier grass may be preferred in barren land for faster disintegration of gravels as well as more fodder production and benefit for the subsequent crops to be taken.
The Open Agriculture Journal
African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2014
Magnetic force has been used in different field of science it offers many benefits. Now days, mag... more Magnetic force has been used in different field of science it offers many benefits. Now days, magnetic device use in agriculture is getting increased for field experience of better crop growth and development with the magnetized water without much scientific evidence. In this regard, a laboratory experiment was conducted for assessing effect of magnetism on chemical properties of saline water. Water with different salinity levels viz. S1 (0.5 dS m), S2 (2.0 dS m), S3 (4.0 dS m), S4 (6.0 dS m and S5 (8.0 dS m) were exposed to magnetic strength viz. 0.18 Tesla (T), 0.29 T and 0.44 T under the south pole and north pole orientations over varied duration viz. two minutes, four minutes and six minutes. The electrical conductivities of saline water decreased significantly with increase of magnetic field strength and duration of exposure but the effects size were in reverse trend including for water salinity. The significantly and relatively high reduction of saline waters electrical conduc...
Journal of Chemical Sciences, 1992
Global Change Biology, Jan 1, 2000
When agricultural land is no longer used for cultivation and allowed to revert to natural vegetat... more When agricultural land is no longer used for cultivation and allowed to revert to natural vegetation or replanted to perennial vegetation, soil organic carbon can accumulate by processes that essentially reverse some of the effects responsible for soil organic carbon losses from when the land was converted from perennial vegetation. We discuss the essential elements of what is known about soil organic matter dynamics that may result in enhanced soil carbon sequestration with changes in land-use and soil management. We review literature that reports changes in soil organic carbon after changes in land-use that favor carbon accumulation. This data summary provides a guide to approximate rates of SOC sequestration that are possible with management, and indicates the relative importance of some factors that influence the rates of organic carbon sequestration in soil. There is a large amount of variation in rates and the length of time that carbon may accumulate in soil that are related to the productivity of the recovering vegetation, physical and biological conditions in the soil, and the past history of soil organic carbon inputs and physical disturbance. Maximum rates of C accumulation during the early aggrading stage of perennial vegetation growth, while substantial, are usually much less than 100 g C m¥ § ¦ y¥ © . Average rates of accumulation are similar for forest or grassland establishment: 33.8 g C m¥ § ¦ y¥ and 33.2 g C m¥ § ¦ y¥ respectively. These observed rates of soil organic C accumulation, when combined with the small amount of land area involved, are insufficient to account for a significant fraction of the missing C in the global carbon cycle as accumulating in the soils of formerly agricultural land.
Soil Science, Jan 1, 1997
Nutrient Cycling in …, Jan 1, 2006
Maintenance of soil organic carbon (SOC) is important for the long-term productivity of agroecosy... more Maintenance of soil organic carbon (SOC) is important for the long-term productivity of agroecosystems. An investigation was conducted to study the effects of long-term application of inorganic fertilizers and farmyard manure (FYM) on soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient content, water-stable aggregate distribution, and aggregateassociated carbon in a field experiment started in 1982 in an arid region of northwest China. Application of inorganic fertilizer alone (N, NP, or NPK treatments) did not increase SOC concentrations compared with no application of fertilizers (CK) and SOC concentration was significantly reduced, by 18% on average, compared with the initial value at the beginning of the experiment. Application of imbalanced inorganic fertilizer (N and NP), especially, resulted in a significant decrease in available phosphorus and potassium nutrients at a depth of 20 cm. This indicates that long-term application of inorganic fertilizers were inadequate to maintain levels of SOC and nutrients under conventional management with no aboveground crop residues returning to the soil. Long-term application of FYM alone or combined with inorganic fertilizers (M (FYM), MN, MNPK, or MNPK treatments), however, improved SOC and total nitrogen concentrations from initial values of 12.1 and 0.76 g kg -1 , respectively, to 15.46 and 1.28 g kg -1 , on average, and also enhanced available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations by 47, 50, and 68%, respectively, during the 23-year period. Treatment with FYM resulted in a 0.48 mm greater average mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates and a higher percentage of macro-aggregates (>2 mm) and small macroaggregates (2-0.25 mm) than treatment without FYM. The MWD increased with increasing SOC concentration (R 2 =0.75). The SOC concentration was highest in small macro-aggregates, intermediate in macro-aggregates, and lowest in microaggregates (0.25-0.05 mm). Approximately 54-60% of total SOC was stored in micro-aggregates (0.25-0.05 mm) and sand+silt fractions ( < 0.05 mm) after treatment without FYM but 57-64% of total SOC was stored in macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) after treatment with FYM. MNPK treatment had the greatest effect on improving the levels of SOC and NPK nutrients and in enhancing the formation and stability of macro-aggregates.
Soil use and …, Jan 1, 2003
This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that an improved system of catchment management ... more This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that an improved system of catchment management in combination with appropriate cropping practices can sustain increased crop production and improve soil quality of Vertisols, compared with prevailing traditional farming practices. Initiated in 1976, the improved system consisted of integrated land management to conserve soil and water, with excess rainwater being removed in a controlled manner. This was combined with improved crop rotation (legume based) and integrated nutrient management. In the traditional system, sorghum or chickpea was grown in the postrainy season with organic fertilizers, and in the rainy season the ®eld was maintained as a cultivated fallow. The average grain yield of the improved system over 24 years was 4.7 t ha ±1 yr ±1 , nearly a ®ve-fold increase over the traditional system (about 1 t ha ±1 yr ±1 ). There was also evidence of increased organic C, total N and P, available N, P and K, microbial biomass C and N in the soil of the improved system. A positive relationship between soil available P and soil organic C suggested that application of P to Vertisols increased carbon sequestration by 7.4 t C ha ±1 and, in turn, the productivity of the legume-based system, thus ultimately enhancing soil quality.
Soil Science Society of America Journal, Jan 1, 2008
... Partnership (MRCSP) program launched by the US Department of Energy&amp;amp;amp;amp;#x27;... more ... Partnership (MRCSP) program launched by the US Department of Energy&amp;amp;amp;amp;#x27;s Carbon Sequestration Program in ... many uncertainties and knowledge gaps concerning the potential of SOC sequestration in croplands ... fields were next to each other and thus had similar soil and slope ...
experiments indicated that increasing crop rotation complexity increased SOC sequestration by 20 ... more experiments indicated that increasing crop rotation complexity increased SOC sequestration by 20 g C m Ϫ2 yr Ϫ1 ,
Environmental Pollution, Jan 1, 2002
Increasing soil carbon sequestration is cost-effective and credible at all levels.
Soil Science, Jan 1, 2001
... THE NATURE OF SOIL ORGANIC CARBON. ... In addressing the question of sequestration of C by th... more ... THE NATURE OF SOIL ORGANIC CARBON. ... In addressing the question of sequestration of C by the soil, the property of most importance is the stability of the different fractions or pools of the SOM and the amounts of C found in each pool. ...
Soil and Tillage …, Jan 1, 1998
Soil organic matter has recently been implicated as an important sink for atmospheric carbon diox... more Soil organic matter has recently been implicated as an important sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). However, the relative impacts of various agricultural management practices on soil organic matter dynamics and, therefore, C sequestration at spatial scales larger than a single plot or times longer than the typical three year experiment have rarely been reported. Results of maintaining agricultural management practices in the forest-derived soils of the eastern Corn (Zea mays L.) Belt states of Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio and Pennsylvania (USA) were studied. We found annual organic C input and tillage intensity were the most important factors in affecting C sequestration. The impact of rotation on C sequestration was primarily related to the way it altered annual total C inputs. The removal of above-ground plant biomass and use of cover crops were of lesser importance. The most rapid changes in soil organic matter content occurred during the ®rst ®ve years after a management practice was imposed with slower changes occurring thereafter. Certain management practices, e.g. no-tillage (NT), increased the soil's ability to sequester atmospheric CO 2 . The impact of this sequestration will be signi®cant only when these practices are used extensively on a large percentage of cropland and when the C-building practices are maintained. Any soil C sequestered will be rapidly mineralized to CO 2 if the soil organic matter building practices are not maintained. # 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Land Degradation & Development, Jan 1, 2002
... Pedogenic carbonates of aridic soils in China and its significance in carbon sequestration in... more ... Pedogenic carbonates of aridic soils in China and its significance in carbon sequestration in terrestrial ... 2002. Carbon storage in northeast China as estimated from vegetation and soil inventories. ... On the tendency of organic matter accumulation in paddy soil under triple cropping ...
Uploads
Papers by Rajagopal Vadivel