Forecasts

Our global economic and financial forecasts

Find out what our economists and strategists are expecting over coming quarters.

Growth (GDP)

Last updated: 30 January

QoQ% Annualised (avg) 4Q25F 1Q26F 2Q26F 3Q26F 4Q26F 1Q27F 2Q27F 3Q27F 4Q27F 2025F 2026F 2027F
US 2.7 2.7 2.2 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.7 2.0
Japan 0.8 1.6 3.0 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.2
Germany 0.4 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 0.2 0.9 1.9
France 0.4 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.6 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.2 0.8 1.0 1.1
UK 0.8 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.0 1.4
Italy 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8
Canada 0.2 1.2 1.5 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.3 2.2
Australia 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 1.8 2.2 2.5
                         
Eurozone 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.6
Austria 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.4 0.6 1.3 1.7
Spain 2.6 2.2 2.1 2.3 1.7 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.9 2.3 2.1
Netherlands 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.5
Belgium 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.2
Greece 2.3 1.6 2.4 3.1 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.0
Portugal 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.1
Switzerland 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.4
Sweden 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.4
                         
YoY% (avg) 4Q25F 1Q26F 2Q26F 3Q26F 4Q26F 1Q27F 2Q27F 3Q27F 4Q27F 2025F 2026F 2027F
                         
Bulgaria 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.7 3.1 2.9 2.5
Croatia 1.9 2.3 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.7 2.0 1.7
Czech Republic 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7
Hungary 1.0 2.2 2.0 2.4 2.7 1.9 3.1 2.9 3.3 0.4 2.3 2.8
Poland 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.0 3.0 3.6 3.7 3.2
Romania 0.4 0.8 0.4 1.3 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 1.1 1.4 2.8
Turkey 4.2 4.4 3.8 3.5 4.2 5.0 4.6 4.3 4.1 3.8 4.0 4.5
Serbia 1.9 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.9 2.0 3.3 3.7
                         
Azerbaijan 1.6 3.0 2.0 4.0 1.0 4.0 1.5 2.5 4.0 1.4 2.5 3.0
Kazakhstan 5.3 3.5 4.5 5.0 6.0 4.5 4.3 3.5 3.5 6.0 4.8 4.0
Russia 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.5 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0.8 0.5 0.8
Uzbekistan 7.9 6.5 6.3 6.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 5.5 5.5 7.7 6.5 5.5
Ukraine 3.9 2.1 2.6 2.5 2.8 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.5 1.8 2.5 3.4
                         
China 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.5 4.2 4.9 4.4 4.4 5.0 4.6 4.5
India 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 7.6 6.5 6.5
Indonesia 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.9 5.0
Korea 1.5 2.4 2.2 1.2 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.0 2.0 1.8
Philippines 4.0 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 4.7 5.4 6.0
Singapore 5.7 3.5 3.2 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 4.7 2.7 1.8
Taiwan 12.7 10.2 7.4 7.1 3.3 4.2 4.8 5.0 5.1 8.6 6.9 4.7

Inflation (CPI)

Last updated: 30 January

YoY% (avg)

4Q25F 1Q26F 2Q26F 3Q26F 4Q26F 1Q27F 2Q27F 3Q27F 4Q27F 2025F 2026F 2027F
US 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.7 2.6 2.1
Japan 2.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 3.2 1.9 1.9
Germany 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2
France 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 2.1 0.9 1.3 1.5
UK 3.4 2.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 3.4 2.2 2.2
Italy 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.9
Canada 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1
Australia 3.4 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.5
                         
Eurozone 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.0
Austria 3.9 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 3.6 2.2 2.1
Spain 3.1 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.7 2.3 2.1
Netherlands 2.7 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2 3.0 1.8 2.1
Belgium 2.3 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.6 2.1 2.0
Greece 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.9 2.6 2.2
Portugal 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0
Switzerland 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.7
Sweden 2.6 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.0
                         
Bulgaria 5.1 3.1 3.4 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.6 4.6 2.6 2.4
Croatia 3.6 3.1 3.3 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.7 2.9 2.7
Czech Republic 2.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.5 1.1 2.2
Hungary 3.7 2.1 3.2 3.8 4.8 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.6 4.4 3.5 4.3
Poland 2.6 2.0 2.3 1.9 2.4 2.8 2.3 1.9 1.6 3.6 2.2 2.2
Romania 9.7 9.1 9.4 5.1 4.5 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.8 7.3 7.1 4.1
Turkey 30.9 27.2 24.5 22.4 22.0 20.6 19.4 17.6 17.0 34.9 24.4 18.9
Serbia 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.5 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.9 4.3 3.9 2.9 3.8
                         
Azerbaijan 5.6 5.1 5.0 4.8 5.1 8.3 9.3 9.2 9.0 5.6 5.0 8.9
Kazakhstan 12.4 14.1 13.5 12.0 11.2 8.3 7.3 7.3 7.4 11.4 12.7 7.6
Russia 6.7 6.3 5.6 4.5 4.8 3.4 4.1 5.1 4.5 8.7 5.3 4.2
Uzbekistan 7.5 7.2 6.6 6.4 6.8 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 8.8 6.8 6.8
Ukraine 10.5 9.2 8.5 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.3 6.1 5.7 13.2 8.1 6.2
                         
China 0.7 1.1 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.1 0.9 1.2
India 1.1 2.8 3.5 3.5 4.8 4.5 4.8 4.8 5.0 2.3 3.7 5.0
Indonesia 2.5 3.0 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 1.8 2.6 2.5
Korea 2.4 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.0
Philippines 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.8 3.0 3.0
Singapore 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.8 1.3 2.0
Taiwan 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.6

Policy rates

Last updated: 30 January

G10 (%, eop) 1Q26F 2Q26F 3Q26F 4Q26F 1Q27F 2Q27F 3Q27F 4Q27F
US (upper bound) 3.75 3.50 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25
Eurozone (deposit rate) 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
Japan (upper bound) 0.75 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.50
UK 3.50 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25
Switzerland 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sweden 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75
Norway 3.75 3.50 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25
Canada 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00
Australia 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60
EMEA (%, eop)                
Czech Republic 3.50 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25
Hungary 6.00 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.00 4.50
Poland 3.75 3.50 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25
Romania 6.50 6.25 6.00 5.50 5.00 4.50 4.50 4.50
Turkey 35.00 32.00 29.00 27.00 25.00 23.00 22.00 21.00
Serbia 5.50 5.25 5.00 5.00 4.75 4.50 4.50 4.50
                 
Azerbaijan 6.75 6.75 6.75 7.75 10.75 10.50 10.50 10.25
Kazakhstan 19.00 18.00 17.50 17.00 16.00 15.00 14.00 14.00
Russia 16.00 14.00 13.00 13.00 11.00 9.50 9.00 9.00
Uzbekistan 14.00 13.00 12.00 12.00 11.75 11.50 11.25 11.00
Ukraine 14.50 14.00 13.00 13.00 12.50 12.50 12.00 11.50
Asia (%, eop)                
China (7 day reverse repo rate) 1.40 1.30 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20
India 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.25 5.25 5.50
Indonesia 4.50 4.25 4.25 4.25 5.00 5.00 5.25 5.25
Korea 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50
Philippines 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.75 4.75 5.00 5.00
Taiwan 2.00 2.00 1.88 1.88 1.88 1.88 1.88 1.88

3 month rates

Last updated: 30 January

G10 (%, eop) 1Q26F 2Q26F 3Q26F 4Q26F 1Q27F 2Q27F 3Q27F 4Q27F
US 3.70 3.50 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30
Eurozone 2.00 2.00 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10
Japan 1.15 1.20 1.20 1.30 1.50 1.50 1.70 1.70
UK 3.70 3.35 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20 3.20
Switzerland 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Canada 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.40 2.60 2.90 3.10
Australia 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50
EMEA (%, eop) 1Q26F 2Q26F 3Q26F 4Q26F 1Q27F 2Q27F 3Q27F 4Q27F
Czech Republic 3.46 3.26 3.26 3.26 3.26 3.26 3.26 3.26
Hungary 5.85 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.75 5.60 4.85 4.35
Poland 3.83 3.58 3.33 3.33 3.33 3.33 3.33 3.33
Romania 6.20 5.75 5.25 5.00 4.50 4.10 4.00 4.00
Turkey 34.80 31.95 29.00 26.50 25.25 23.40 22.00 21.10
Serbia 4.50 4.25 4.00 4.00 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90
                 
Kazakhstan 16.50 16.00 16.00 16.00 15.80 14.80 13.80 13.80
Russia 14.00 12.00 11.00 10.00 10.00 9.00 8.50 8.50
Asia (%, eop) 1Q26F 2Q26F 3Q26F 4Q26F 1Q27F 2Q27F 3Q27F 4Q27F
China* 1.60 1.55 1.50 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45
India 6.10 6.10 6.10 6.10 6.10 6.30 6.30 6.50
Indonesia 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.30 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00
Korea 2.75 2.70 2.65 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.70
Philippines* 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.50 4.50 4.75 4.75
Singapore 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50
Taiwan* 1.65 1.65 1.55 1.55 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50

10-year yields

Last updated: 30 January

G10 (%, eop) 1Q26F 2Q26F 3Q26F 4Q26F 1Q27F 2Q27F 3Q27F 4Q27F
US: Fed funds 3.75 3.50 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25
3M 3.70 3.50 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30
2Y 3.50 3.50 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60
5Y 4.00 4.00 3.90 3.90 3.70 3.70 3.70 3.70
10Y 4.50 4.50 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.25 4.25
30Y 5.05 5.05 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.75
                 
ECB deposit* 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
3M 2.00 2.00 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10
2Y 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.15 2.20 2.20 2.25 2.25
5Y 2.45 2.50 2.55 2.65 2.70 2.70 2.75 2.75
10Y 2.90 2.95 3.00 3.10 3.15 3.20 3.25 3.25
30Y 3.60 3.65 3.65 3.75 3.85 3.85 3.85 3.85
                 
Japan 2.25 2.50 2.50 2.75 2.75 2.75 3.00 3.00
France 3.50 3.60 3.65 3.85 3.90 3.95 3.90 3.90
Italy 3.55 3.65 3.70 3.80 3.85 3.90 3.90 3.90
Spain 3.30 3.35 3.40 3.55 3.60 3.65 3.70 3.70
UK 4.50 4.40 4.30 4.30 4.30 4.30 4.30 4.30
Netherlands 3.05 3.05 3.10 3.15 3.20 3.25 3.30 3.30
Belgium 3.45 3.50 3.55 3.65 3.70 3.75 3.80 3.80
Austria 3.10 3.15 3.20 3.30 3.45 3.50 3.55 3.55
Ireland 3.15 3.20 3.25 3.25 3.30 3.35 3.40 3.40
Portugal 3.25 3.30 3.35 3.45 3.45 3.50 3.55 3.55
Switzerland 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.75
Sweden 3.10 3.15 3.20 3.30 3.35 3.40 3.45 3.45
Finland 3.15 3.20 3.25 3.45 3.50 3.55 3.60 3.60
Canada 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.75 3.75 4.00 4.00
Australia 4.25 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
EMEA (%, eop)                
Bulgaria 3.60 3.50 3.60 3.50 3.20 3.15 3.15 3.20
Czech Republic 4.37 4.05 3.91 3.87 3.87 3.87 3.87 3.87
Hungary 6.00 6.15 6.20 6.15 6.15 6.05 5.35 5.00
Poland 5.10 4.85 4.65 4.60 4.65 4.70 4.75 4.80
Romania 6.80 6.70 6.50 6.30 6.20 6.00 5.80 5.75
Russia 14.50 12.50 12.00 12.00 11.00 10.00 10.00 10.50
Turkey 27.50 26.10 24.50 23.60 21.40 20.30 18.90 18.00
Asia (%, eop)                
China 1.90 1.90 1.95 2.00 2.00 2.05 2.10 2.15
India 6.50 6.50 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40 6.40
Indonesia 6.10 6.10 6.00 6.00 6.60 6.60 6.60 6.60
Korea 3.30 3.00 3.00 3.15 3.00 3.00 3.15 3.15
Philippines 5.70 5.60 5.50 5.50 5.75 5.75 6.00 6.00
Singapore 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.70 2.70 2.70 2.70
Taiwan 1.50 1.50 1.40 1.40 1.45 1.45 1.50 1.55

FX

Last updated: 10 February

G10 (eop)   1Q26F 2Q26F 3Q26F 4Q26F 2027F
Euro EUR/USD 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.22
Japan USD/JPY 155 153 153 152 145
UK GBP/USD 1.35 1.35 1.36 1.36 1.36
Japan EUR/JPY 184 184 185 185 177
UK EUR/GBP 0.88 0.89 0.89 0.90 0.90
Canada USD/CAD 1.38 1.37 1.35 1.34 1.33
Australia AUD/USD 0.70 0.71 0.72 0.73 0.71
New Zealand NZD/USD 0.60 0.61 0.61 0.62 0.61
             
Switzerland EUR/CHF 0.93 0.94 0.94 0.95 0.98
Sweden EUR/SEK 10.75 10.60 10.50 10.30 10.30
Norway EUR/NOK 11.50 11.30 11.20 11.10 10.90
Denmark EUR/DKK 7.47 7.46 7.46 7.46 7.46
EMEA (eop)   1Q26F 2Q26F 3Q26F 4Q26F 2027F
Serbia EUR/RSD 117.30 117.20 117.20 117.15 117.10
Czech Republic EUR/CZK 24.24 24.21 24.17 24.13 24.05
Hungary EUR/HUF 385 385 390 385 395
Poland EUR/PLN 4.21 4.23 4.24 4.22 4.25
Romania EUR/RON 5.09 5.10 5.15 5.15 5.18
Turkey USD/TRY 45.15 47.12 49.20 51.00 59.00
South Africa USD/ZAR 16.25 16.00 15.75 15.50 15.50
Israel USD/ILS 3.15 3.10 3.10 3.05 3.05
CIS (eop)   1Q26F 2Q26F 3Q26F 4Q26F 2027F
Azerbaijan USD/AZN 1.70 1.70 1.70 2.21 2.21
Kazakhstan USD/KZT 530 545 555 560 580
Russia USD/RUB 75.00 80.00 85.00 95.00 105.00
  EUR/RUB 87.75 94.40 102.00 115.90 128.10
Uzbekistan USD/UZS 12009 12129 12189 12249 12862
Ukraine USD/UAH 42.60 42.80 42.80 42.80 43.50
Latam (eop)   1Q26F 2Q26F 3Q26F 4Q26F 2027F
Brazil USD/BRL 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50
Mexico USD/MXN 17.75 17.75 17.75 17.50 17.50
Chile USD/CLP 925 900 875 850 850
Asia (eop)   1Q26F 2Q26F 3Q26F 4Q26F 2027F
China USD/CNY 6.95 6.95 6.90 6.90 6.80
India USD/INR 90.30 90.00 89.50 89.00 88.50
Indonesia USD/IDR 16700 16700 16800 16800 17000
Korea USD/KRW 1425 1400 1375 1400 1400
Philippines USD/PHP 59.20 59.00 59.00 59.00 59.00
Singapore USD/SGD 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.28 1.30
Taiwan USD/TWD 31.50 31.10 30.70 30.50 29.60

Commodities

Last updated: 30 January

Oil and natural gas forecasts (avg) 1Q26F 2Q26F 3Q26F 4Q26F 1Q27F 2Q27F 3Q27F 4Q27F 2026F 2027F
Brent ($/bbl) 58 56 58 54 58 60 66 63 57 62
Dutch TTF (EUR/MWh) 33 28 27 30 30 24 24 27 30 26
Metal Forecasts (avg) 1Q26F 2Q26F 3Q26F 4Q26F 2026F
Copper ($/t) 12,500 13,500 12,500 11,500 12,500
Aluminium ($/t) 3,150 3,200 3,200 3,250 3,200
Nickel ($/t) 17,500 17,000 16,500 17,000 17,000
Zinc ($/t) 3,250 3,200 3,150 3,150 3,200
Lead ($/t) 2,100 2,050 2,000 2,100 2,062
Gold ($/oz) 4,900 5,100 5,300 5,450 5,190
Silver ($/oz) 89.00 85.00 81.00 78.00 83.00
Iron Ore ($/t) 100.00 95.00 90.00 95.00 95.00