Information Technology for Learning and Development for Women in Rural India
Tel-Nek is a not for profit project started in May 2001 in Bidadi, a small town, 35 km from Banga... more Tel-Nek is a not for profit project started in May 2001 in Bidadi, a small town, 35 km from Bangalore. The project is mainly funded by the Basque Autonomous Community through its Cooperative for Development Fund (FOCAD). In India, the implementing partner of the Tel-Nek project is Anchorage, an NGO primarily working in the area of digital divide. Tel-Nek's main objective is to foster community growth through training semi rural women in New Information and Communication Technologies (NICT) in local language adopting the suitable contextual form.
The goal of this study was first to assess the dynamics of the bacterial community during a growi... more The goal of this study was first to assess the dynamics of the bacterial community during a growing season in three Indian rain-fed wheat fields which differ mainly through their fertilizer management and yield and then to study the effects of PGPR/AMF bio-inoculations on the bacterial community structure and wheat growth. The bacterial community structure of the rhizosphere soil (RS) and the rhizoplane/endorhizosphere (RE) was determined by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Seed treatments consisted of consortia of two PGPR strains alone or combined with AMF or AMF alone. The PGPR strains were Pseudomonas spp. which included some or all of the following plant growth promoting properties: phosphate solubilisation and production of indole-3-acetic acid, siderophores, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase and diacetyl-phloroglucinol. The mycorrhizal inoculum was an indigenous AMF consortium isolated from the field with the lowest level of fertilization and yield. Variation partitioning analysis of the DGGE data indicated a predominant effect of the wheat growth stage (30.4% of the variance, PZ0.001) over the type of field (9.0%, PZ0.027) on the bacterial community structure in the RE. The impact of plant age in the RS was less than in the RE and the bacterial community structure of the field with the highest input of fertilization was very different from the low input fields. The bio-inoculants induced a significant modification in the bacterial community structure. In the RS, the bacterial consortia explained 28.3% (PZ0.001) and the presence of AMF 10.6% (PZ0.02) of the variance and the same trend was observed in the RE. Plant yield or grain quality was either increased or remained unaffected. For example, protein content was significantly higher in the treated plants' grain compared to the control plants; maximum values were obtained when the PGPR were co-inoculated with the AMF. The percentage of root colonization by AMF was significantly higher in the treatments containing a mycorrhizal inoculum than in the untreated control and remained unaffected by the PGPR treatments. In conclusion, the wheat rhizobacterial community structure is highly dynamic and influenced by different factors such as the plant's age, the fertilizer input and the type of bio-inoculant. In addition, there is a distance-related effect of the root on the bacterial community. Finally, a combined bio-inoculation of diacetyl-phloroglucinol producing PGPR strains and AMF can synergistically improve the nutritional quality of the grain without negatively affecting mycorrhizal growth.
Disposable graphite pencil electrodes (PGE) modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-s... more Disposable graphite pencil electrodes (PGE) modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-streptavidin (STR) conjugates were used for electrochemical monitoring of label-free DNA hybridization. The surface morphology of PGE electrode before and after hybridization was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to monitor each step of the construction of the DNA biosensor. The biosensor was demonstrated to have excellent selectivity, being able to differentiate complementary sequences from a noncomplementary ones and in addition select the target sequence of DNA from a mixture of other DNA without loss in current sensitivity.
Despite the recent developments in Graphene Oxide due to its importance as a host precursor of Gr... more Despite the recent developments in Graphene Oxide due to its importance as a host precursor of Graphene, the detailed electronic structure and its evolution during the thermal reduction remain largely unknown, hindering its potential applications. We show that a combination of high resolution in situ X-ray photoemission and X-ray absorption spectroscopies offer a powerful approach to monitor the deoxygenation process and comprehensively evaluate the electronic structure of Graphene Oxide thin films at different stages of the thermal reduction process. It is established that the edge plane carboxyl groups are highly unstable, whereas carbonyl groups are more difficult to remove. The results consistently support the formation of phenol groups through reaction of basal plane epoxide groups with adjacent hydroxyl groups at moderate degrees of thermal activation (~400 {\deg}C). The phenol groups are predominant over carbonyl groups and survive even at a temperature of 1000 {\deg}C. For the first time a drastic increase in the density of states (DOS) near the Fermi level at 600 {\deg}C is observed, suggesting a progressive restoration of aromatic structure in the thermally reduced graphene oxide
Low density parity check (LDPC) codes are one of the best error correcting codes in today's codin... more Low density parity check (LDPC) codes are one of the best error correcting codes in today's coding world and are known to approach the Shannon limit. As with all other channel coding schemes, LDPC codes add redundancy to the uncoded input data to make it more immune to channel impairments. In addition to coding, the best modulation techniques available today are MSK (Minimum Shift Keying) and GMSK (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying). By using these modulation techniques in combination with LDPC codes, the paper compares the performance of coded MSK and coded GMSK with each other and with their uncoded counterparts over Nakagami fading channel for different values of m. The results show that a significant coding gain is obtained by using LDPC codes. It is also seen that although the error performance of LDPC coded MSK is slightly better than LDPC coded GMSK, the former is spectrally inefficient.
In this paper, we present the implementation and verification of an secured adaptive modulation s... more In this paper, we present the implementation and verification of an secured adaptive modulation system on a Software Defined Radio (SDR) development platform. The SDR platform is supported by highly productive development system emphasizing the value of a structured development process that takes the developer through modeling, system analysis, implementation and verification by bit error rate analysis. SDR platform is a massively parallel processor in which transmitter and a part of receiver is implemented on DSP processor and demodulator is implemented on FPGA. For adaptive modulator-demodulator architecture, a bit error rate analysis is presented. Result shows that for same BER, BPSK requires minimum SNR.
Information Technology for Learning and Development for Women in Rural India
Tel-Nek is a not for profit project started in May 2001 in Bidadi, a small town, 35 km from Banga... more Tel-Nek is a not for profit project started in May 2001 in Bidadi, a small town, 35 km from Bangalore. The project is mainly funded by the Basque Autonomous Community through its Cooperative for Development Fund (FOCAD). In India, the implementing partner of the Tel-Nek project is Anchorage, an NGO primarily working in the area of digital divide. Tel-Nek's main objective is to foster community growth through training semi rural women in New Information and Communication Technologies (NICT) in local language adopting the suitable contextual form.
The goal of this study was first to assess the dynamics of the bacterial community during a growi... more The goal of this study was first to assess the dynamics of the bacterial community during a growing season in three Indian rain-fed wheat fields which differ mainly through their fertilizer management and yield and then to study the effects of PGPR/AMF bio-inoculations on the bacterial community structure and wheat growth. The bacterial community structure of the rhizosphere soil (RS) and the rhizoplane/endorhizosphere (RE) was determined by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Seed treatments consisted of consortia of two PGPR strains alone or combined with AMF or AMF alone. The PGPR strains were Pseudomonas spp. which included some or all of the following plant growth promoting properties: phosphate solubilisation and production of indole-3-acetic acid, siderophores, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase and diacetyl-phloroglucinol. The mycorrhizal inoculum was an indigenous AMF consortium isolated from the field with the lowest level of fertilization and yield. Variation partitioning analysis of the DGGE data indicated a predominant effect of the wheat growth stage (30.4% of the variance, PZ0.001) over the type of field (9.0%, PZ0.027) on the bacterial community structure in the RE. The impact of plant age in the RS was less than in the RE and the bacterial community structure of the field with the highest input of fertilization was very different from the low input fields. The bio-inoculants induced a significant modification in the bacterial community structure. In the RS, the bacterial consortia explained 28.3% (PZ0.001) and the presence of AMF 10.6% (PZ0.02) of the variance and the same trend was observed in the RE. Plant yield or grain quality was either increased or remained unaffected. For example, protein content was significantly higher in the treated plants' grain compared to the control plants; maximum values were obtained when the PGPR were co-inoculated with the AMF. The percentage of root colonization by AMF was significantly higher in the treatments containing a mycorrhizal inoculum than in the untreated control and remained unaffected by the PGPR treatments. In conclusion, the wheat rhizobacterial community structure is highly dynamic and influenced by different factors such as the plant's age, the fertilizer input and the type of bio-inoculant. In addition, there is a distance-related effect of the root on the bacterial community. Finally, a combined bio-inoculation of diacetyl-phloroglucinol producing PGPR strains and AMF can synergistically improve the nutritional quality of the grain without negatively affecting mycorrhizal growth.
Disposable graphite pencil electrodes (PGE) modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-s... more Disposable graphite pencil electrodes (PGE) modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-streptavidin (STR) conjugates were used for electrochemical monitoring of label-free DNA hybridization. The surface morphology of PGE electrode before and after hybridization was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to monitor each step of the construction of the DNA biosensor. The biosensor was demonstrated to have excellent selectivity, being able to differentiate complementary sequences from a noncomplementary ones and in addition select the target sequence of DNA from a mixture of other DNA without loss in current sensitivity.
Despite the recent developments in Graphene Oxide due to its importance as a host precursor of Gr... more Despite the recent developments in Graphene Oxide due to its importance as a host precursor of Graphene, the detailed electronic structure and its evolution during the thermal reduction remain largely unknown, hindering its potential applications. We show that a combination of high resolution in situ X-ray photoemission and X-ray absorption spectroscopies offer a powerful approach to monitor the deoxygenation process and comprehensively evaluate the electronic structure of Graphene Oxide thin films at different stages of the thermal reduction process. It is established that the edge plane carboxyl groups are highly unstable, whereas carbonyl groups are more difficult to remove. The results consistently support the formation of phenol groups through reaction of basal plane epoxide groups with adjacent hydroxyl groups at moderate degrees of thermal activation (~400 {\deg}C). The phenol groups are predominant over carbonyl groups and survive even at a temperature of 1000 {\deg}C. For the first time a drastic increase in the density of states (DOS) near the Fermi level at 600 {\deg}C is observed, suggesting a progressive restoration of aromatic structure in the thermally reduced graphene oxide
Low density parity check (LDPC) codes are one of the best error correcting codes in today's codin... more Low density parity check (LDPC) codes are one of the best error correcting codes in today's coding world and are known to approach the Shannon limit. As with all other channel coding schemes, LDPC codes add redundancy to the uncoded input data to make it more immune to channel impairments. In addition to coding, the best modulation techniques available today are MSK (Minimum Shift Keying) and GMSK (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying). By using these modulation techniques in combination with LDPC codes, the paper compares the performance of coded MSK and coded GMSK with each other and with their uncoded counterparts over Nakagami fading channel for different values of m. The results show that a significant coding gain is obtained by using LDPC codes. It is also seen that although the error performance of LDPC coded MSK is slightly better than LDPC coded GMSK, the former is spectrally inefficient.
In this paper, we present the implementation and verification of an secured adaptive modulation s... more In this paper, we present the implementation and verification of an secured adaptive modulation system on a Software Defined Radio (SDR) development platform. The SDR platform is supported by highly productive development system emphasizing the value of a structured development process that takes the developer through modeling, system analysis, implementation and verification by bit error rate analysis. SDR platform is a massively parallel processor in which transmitter and a part of receiver is implemented on DSP processor and demodulator is implemented on FPGA. For adaptive modulator-demodulator architecture, a bit error rate analysis is presented. Result shows that for same BER, BPSK requires minimum SNR.
Uploads
Papers by surbhi sharma