Türk Kültürü ve HACI BEKTAŞ VELİ Araştırma Dergisi
The analysis of power gaining process and, the rise and fall of families influencing social devel... more The analysis of power gaining process and, the rise and fall of families influencing social developments can be an appropriate way to study history. The period from the Mongol invasion of Iran to the rise of Safavid dynasty marks one of the most complicated epochs of history in social and cultural perspectives. Perhaps the emergence of religious identity crisis resulting from the absence of a caliphate position is the most outstanding social and cultural incident in this period. Like many other regions, Azerbaijan region and Azari families were affected by these incidents. Identifying influential families in this region will be a good guide for an in-depth study of political, social and cultural developments of this time. One of the influential families in that period was Kojajani Family with a rural origin and which has risen to fame through business activities, mystical tendencies and interests. During these developments, the family shaped their political, social and cultural thou...
The main claim of the present essay is that the most important scientific responsibility of histo... more The main claim of the present essay is that the most important scientific responsibility of historians, whether ancient or modern, is to provide a thick description of important events related to the human past. Some critics of this assertion have criticized it and raised objections to it; For example, the traditional, chronistic and positivist approach is promoted in the study of history. An approach that is no longer acceptable. promoting the double false stereotype of "description or analysis"; denying the use of methods and theories in historical research, promoting a neutral and indifferent approach to the current issues of human societies (theory of history for history) and... In this essay, the author attempts to provide an appropriate response to these criticisms in addition to further explaining his claim, in order to take a step towards greater understanding among historians about the nature and main function of historiography. The author emphasizes that defending the main function of knowledge and the field of history is an attempt to prevent the decline and decay of this academic field within other areas of humanities and social sciences, especially the general sciences of sociology and politics. The way out of this critical situation is therefore to emphasize dense description as the most important disciplinary task of historians.
Hazine-i Evrak Arşiv ve Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, Dec 30, 2020
There have been different dimensions of the historical relations between Iran, Ottoman, and the n... more There have been different dimensions of the historical relations between Iran, Ottoman, and the new Turkey which have had relatively extensive impacts on the two countries relations in different periods of time. These two-way relations have continued till the present time, and the Mustafa Kemal Ataturk's reforms during the presidential era can be counted as one. This research tries to study the way the modernist activities of Ataturk, specifically his alphabetical reforms, have been reflected by the Iranian diplomats in Turkey, through analyzing the sources and archived documents. To answer the research question, all the archived documents of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Iran's Diplomatic Archives were identified and studied, and finally the researcher came to this conclusion that the alphabetical reforms of Ataturk have had different impacts on the Iranian diplomats in Turkey. The diplomats had different points of views about the reforms which had been shaped under the influence of their intellectual orientations, their social-political situations, and the historical condition of the time.
تاکنون منازعات روشی میان ما اهل تاریخ در ایران به طور جدی شکل نگرفته است. زیرا تسلط کافی به روش‌ه... more تاکنون منازعات روشی میان ما اهل تاریخ در ایران به طور جدی شکل نگرفته است. زیرا تسلط کافی به روش‌ها و پارادایم‌ها و نظریه‌های مختلف نداشته ایم. آرام آرام پس از اشراف به روش های گوناگون، لازم است وارد گفتگوهای روشی بشویم تا از پس آن گام در آزمون آنها در مطالعات موردی بگذاریم تا به محک تجربه به ضعف ها و قوت های هر کدام از پارادایم های روشی اشراف پیدا کنیم. از این رو و بدین منظور نگارنده در نوشتار حاضر مسئله ای روشی را طرح می کند: مهم ترین وظیفه رشته ای مورخان چیست؟ مدعایی که در پاسخ به پرسش یادشده در نوشتار حاضر به بحث گذاشته می شود عبارت است از این که مهم ترین وظیفه رشته ای مورخان عبارت است از توصیف فربه مهم ترین رویدادهای گذشته انسانی. زیرا قدرت دانش تاریخ در همین امر نهفته است. ضمن این که توصیف فربه به دنبال پاسخ به پرسش های چیستی و چگونگی می آید؛ پرسش هایی که به شدت مورد علاقه مورخان است.
The pioneering understanding of civilization, which Ibn Khaldun has introduced in Muqaddimah, was... more The pioneering understanding of civilization, which Ibn Khaldun has introduced in Muqaddimah, was a dim of light which did not receive attention in Muslim world for several centuries. A century later, a new understanding of civilization emerged among European thinkers, which was developed during 17th and 18th and flourished maturely in 19th and 20th centuries with publication of books on the history civilizations and theories of civilization. The problem of this research is when the new understanding of civilization emerged among Muslim thinkers and when they resumed totalk about concept of civilization? Reviewing literature of works by Muslim thinkers on civilization has come to conclusion that latter understanding of civilization in Islamic world was formed in 19th century by thinkers such as Tahtawi, Malkam, etc. These thinkers have, in various works, discussed the definition of civilization, its significance and the necessity of being civilized.
Avrupalı devletlerin Doğu devletleri ile siyasi ve iktisadi çıkarları için ittifak kurma çabaları... more Avrupalı devletlerin Doğu devletleri ile siyasi ve iktisadi çıkarları için ittifak kurma çabaları Akkoyunlulara hatta İlhanlılara kadar uzanmaktadır. Osmanlı Devleti'nin ilerleyişini durdurmak isteyen Venedik ve Trabzon Rum İmparatorluğu Akkoyunlu Devleti Hükümdarı Uzun Hasan'a elçiler göndermiş ve Osmanlı'ya karşı ittifak teklifinde bulunmuşlardır. XVI. yüzyıla gelindiğinde yine aynı politikanın devam ettiği görülmektedir. Bu yüzyılın başında kurulan Safevî Devleti, Avrupalı devletlerin Osmanlı karşısında ittifak yapabilecekleri siyasi ve ticari çıkarlar elde edebilecekleri stratejik bir konuma sahipti. Safevî Devleti'nin hem coğrafi konumu hem Şii mezhebini devletin resmi dini olarak kabul etmesi Osmanlı Devleti'ni kıskaca almak isteyen Avrupalı devletler için eşsiz bir fırsat sunmuştur. Aynı şekilde etrafını çevreleyen Sünni Müslüman devletler arasında sıkışan ve İslam'ın liderliği iddiasında bulunan Şii Safevî Devleti için Avrupalı devletlerle ilişki kurmak kaçınılmaz olmuştur. Safevî Devleti'nin mezhebi, siyasi ve iktisadi bakımdan en büyük rakibi olarak gördüğü Osmanlı Devleti'ne karşı tek başına mücadele etmesi mümkün değildi. Osmanlı Devleti'ne karşı üstünlük elde etmeye çalışan Safevî Devleti, bu gerçeklik doğrultusunda emperyalist hedeflerle İran sularına gelen Portekiz ile iş birliği yapmayı bir strateji olarak belirlemiştir. Bu makalede tamamıyla Farsça kaynaklar dikkate alınarak Safevî Devleti'nin siyasi ve iktisadi çıkarları için Portekiz ile ilişki kurmasını başlatan süreç, Safevî Devleti'nin takip ettiği strateji ele alınırken aynı zamanda Portekiz'in emperyalist hedeflerle hareket ederek bölge devletlerine karşı uyguladığı politika gözler önüne serilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Osmanli Devleti’nin 19.yy’da ileri gelen devlet adamlarindan birisi Mithat Pasa’dir. O, Birinci M... more Osmanli Devleti’nin 19.yy’da ileri gelen devlet adamlarindan birisi Mithat Pasa’dir. O, Birinci Mesrutiyet’in babasi unvaniyla unlu; ve 1876 Anayasasi’nin kurucusu olarak da taninmaktadir. Bu makale de, onun dusunce ve anlayisinin Iranli devlet adamlari uzerindeki etkileri degerlendirilecektir. Arastirmalar sirasinda ortaya cikarilan bulgular, Mithat Pasa’nin dusuncelerinin ve uygulamalarinin bircok Iranli devlet adaminin ilgisini cektigini gostermektedir. Fakat Iran’in sosyal ve siyasi yapisi geregi bu dusunceler, orada hic bir zaman etkili olamamistir. Buna mukabil Mithat Pasa’nin calismalarina, hem Kacar’li muhafazakâr, hem de reformist devlet adamlari dikkât etmekte ve onunla ilgili haberleri, takip etmekteydiler.
For the first time, in 1937, in Al-Thorha Al-Urrabieh, a revolutionary was given narrative of an ... more For the first time, in 1937, in Al-Thorha Al-Urrabieh, a revolutionary was given narrative of an event that took place in the not too distant past. The movement was by Urrabi Pasha and author was Abdol-Rahman Al-Rafei. It was about twenty years after the first publication of the Al-Thorha that the summary was published by Al-Rafei, but this time under the name of “Al-Zaiem Al-Thaer, Ahmad Urrabi”. Soon readers and rulers understood the difference of the second book is not in the summary, but it is in a new and different look to Urrabi. Why did A-Rafei relate the Urrabi movement as a different revolution? Why he changed his description of the revolution leadership? What was the meaning and purpose of these texts? The approach of this paper is to answer these questions and to study features of these two the sehistoriography works. These indicators are analyzed in the form of a dialogue between the text, the author and situational, thought, social and political texture and texts of the...
Midhat Pasha is one of the renowned Ottoman statesmen of 19 th century. He is known as the father... more Midhat Pasha is one of the renowned Ottoman statesmen of 19 th century. He is known as the father of the First Constitutional system and Author of the 1876 Constitution. The present paper is an attempt to study the reflections of his thoughts and practices among Iranian elites and statesmen of his time. The findings of the research indicate that although his ideas and practices drew the attention of many Iranian statesmen and intellectuals, they could never be considered a base for a major change in political atmosphere in Iran due to structural obstacles. Nevertheless, Pasha’s measures drew the attention of Qajar reformist as well as conservative statesmen who closely watched the developments in the Ottoman Empire.
Historiography of Nassavi is one of the late Arabic writings by an Iranian literarian and histori... more Historiography of Nassavi is one of the late Arabic writings by an Iranian literarian and historianwho has left two important works, i.e. Nafsat al Masdour and Sirat Jalaluddin Mengborni. The first one’s approach is memoir writing, with anembellished and intricate style. The second one’s approach is hagiology writing style, but ends up in a memoir writing approach. Under the prevailing turbulent circumstances of his time, Nassavi tries to analyze the pathology and decline of the Khwarazmian era. These works are among the first few historiographical studies of the Mongols. Nassavi does not explicitly refer to his historiographical approach. Hence, a researcher has to find out his thought and method through the lines of his writings. Attempts have been made in the present study to analyze Nassavi’s historiographical thought as well as his method which is based on hearsay and observation.
جامعه فرهمند، چگونه جامعه‌ای است؟ فرهمندی و اجتماع در یک جامعه اسلامی چه پیوندی باهم دارند؟ فرهمن... more جامعه فرهمند، چگونه جامعه‌ای است؟ فرهمندی و اجتماع در یک جامعه اسلامی چه پیوندی باهم دارند؟ فرهمندی چگونه در بستر جامعه باقی و جاری است؟ نگاه مسلمانان در قرون اولیه به فرهمندی چگونه بوده است؟ اين‌ها مهم‌ترین سؤالاتي هستند كه پژوهش حاضر بدان‌ها می‌پردازد. پژوهش پیش رو درصدد است به‌صورت تطبیقی به دنبال پاسخ این پرسش‌ها بگردد و نگاه فرق اصلی مسلمانان را در این مورد واکاوی نماید. در نتیجه اهل سنّت بعد از رحلت پیامبر، قائل به تجزیه فرّه بوده است؛ در مقابل، اهل تشیّع آن را تجزیه نکرده و بلکه دست‌نخورده تسرّی داده است.
Türk Kültürü ve HACI BEKTAŞ VELİ Araştırma Dergisi
The analysis of power gaining process and, the rise and fall of families influencing social devel... more The analysis of power gaining process and, the rise and fall of families influencing social developments can be an appropriate way to study history. The period from the Mongol invasion of Iran to the rise of Safavid dynasty marks one of the most complicated epochs of history in social and cultural perspectives. Perhaps the emergence of religious identity crisis resulting from the absence of a caliphate position is the most outstanding social and cultural incident in this period. Like many other regions, Azerbaijan region and Azari families were affected by these incidents. Identifying influential families in this region will be a good guide for an in-depth study of political, social and cultural developments of this time. One of the influential families in that period was Kojajani Family with a rural origin and which has risen to fame through business activities, mystical tendencies and interests. During these developments, the family shaped their political, social and cultural thou...
The main claim of the present essay is that the most important scientific responsibility of histo... more The main claim of the present essay is that the most important scientific responsibility of historians, whether ancient or modern, is to provide a thick description of important events related to the human past. Some critics of this assertion have criticized it and raised objections to it; For example, the traditional, chronistic and positivist approach is promoted in the study of history. An approach that is no longer acceptable. promoting the double false stereotype of "description or analysis"; denying the use of methods and theories in historical research, promoting a neutral and indifferent approach to the current issues of human societies (theory of history for history) and... In this essay, the author attempts to provide an appropriate response to these criticisms in addition to further explaining his claim, in order to take a step towards greater understanding among historians about the nature and main function of historiography. The author emphasizes that defending the main function of knowledge and the field of history is an attempt to prevent the decline and decay of this academic field within other areas of humanities and social sciences, especially the general sciences of sociology and politics. The way out of this critical situation is therefore to emphasize dense description as the most important disciplinary task of historians.
Hazine-i Evrak Arşiv ve Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, Dec 30, 2020
There have been different dimensions of the historical relations between Iran, Ottoman, and the n... more There have been different dimensions of the historical relations between Iran, Ottoman, and the new Turkey which have had relatively extensive impacts on the two countries relations in different periods of time. These two-way relations have continued till the present time, and the Mustafa Kemal Ataturk's reforms during the presidential era can be counted as one. This research tries to study the way the modernist activities of Ataturk, specifically his alphabetical reforms, have been reflected by the Iranian diplomats in Turkey, through analyzing the sources and archived documents. To answer the research question, all the archived documents of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Iran's Diplomatic Archives were identified and studied, and finally the researcher came to this conclusion that the alphabetical reforms of Ataturk have had different impacts on the Iranian diplomats in Turkey. The diplomats had different points of views about the reforms which had been shaped under the influence of their intellectual orientations, their social-political situations, and the historical condition of the time.
تاکنون منازعات روشی میان ما اهل تاریخ در ایران به طور جدی شکل نگرفته است. زیرا تسلط کافی به روش‌ه... more تاکنون منازعات روشی میان ما اهل تاریخ در ایران به طور جدی شکل نگرفته است. زیرا تسلط کافی به روش‌ها و پارادایم‌ها و نظریه‌های مختلف نداشته ایم. آرام آرام پس از اشراف به روش های گوناگون، لازم است وارد گفتگوهای روشی بشویم تا از پس آن گام در آزمون آنها در مطالعات موردی بگذاریم تا به محک تجربه به ضعف ها و قوت های هر کدام از پارادایم های روشی اشراف پیدا کنیم. از این رو و بدین منظور نگارنده در نوشتار حاضر مسئله ای روشی را طرح می کند: مهم ترین وظیفه رشته ای مورخان چیست؟ مدعایی که در پاسخ به پرسش یادشده در نوشتار حاضر به بحث گذاشته می شود عبارت است از این که مهم ترین وظیفه رشته ای مورخان عبارت است از توصیف فربه مهم ترین رویدادهای گذشته انسانی. زیرا قدرت دانش تاریخ در همین امر نهفته است. ضمن این که توصیف فربه به دنبال پاسخ به پرسش های چیستی و چگونگی می آید؛ پرسش هایی که به شدت مورد علاقه مورخان است.
The pioneering understanding of civilization, which Ibn Khaldun has introduced in Muqaddimah, was... more The pioneering understanding of civilization, which Ibn Khaldun has introduced in Muqaddimah, was a dim of light which did not receive attention in Muslim world for several centuries. A century later, a new understanding of civilization emerged among European thinkers, which was developed during 17th and 18th and flourished maturely in 19th and 20th centuries with publication of books on the history civilizations and theories of civilization. The problem of this research is when the new understanding of civilization emerged among Muslim thinkers and when they resumed totalk about concept of civilization? Reviewing literature of works by Muslim thinkers on civilization has come to conclusion that latter understanding of civilization in Islamic world was formed in 19th century by thinkers such as Tahtawi, Malkam, etc. These thinkers have, in various works, discussed the definition of civilization, its significance and the necessity of being civilized.
Avrupalı devletlerin Doğu devletleri ile siyasi ve iktisadi çıkarları için ittifak kurma çabaları... more Avrupalı devletlerin Doğu devletleri ile siyasi ve iktisadi çıkarları için ittifak kurma çabaları Akkoyunlulara hatta İlhanlılara kadar uzanmaktadır. Osmanlı Devleti'nin ilerleyişini durdurmak isteyen Venedik ve Trabzon Rum İmparatorluğu Akkoyunlu Devleti Hükümdarı Uzun Hasan'a elçiler göndermiş ve Osmanlı'ya karşı ittifak teklifinde bulunmuşlardır. XVI. yüzyıla gelindiğinde yine aynı politikanın devam ettiği görülmektedir. Bu yüzyılın başında kurulan Safevî Devleti, Avrupalı devletlerin Osmanlı karşısında ittifak yapabilecekleri siyasi ve ticari çıkarlar elde edebilecekleri stratejik bir konuma sahipti. Safevî Devleti'nin hem coğrafi konumu hem Şii mezhebini devletin resmi dini olarak kabul etmesi Osmanlı Devleti'ni kıskaca almak isteyen Avrupalı devletler için eşsiz bir fırsat sunmuştur. Aynı şekilde etrafını çevreleyen Sünni Müslüman devletler arasında sıkışan ve İslam'ın liderliği iddiasında bulunan Şii Safevî Devleti için Avrupalı devletlerle ilişki kurmak kaçınılmaz olmuştur. Safevî Devleti'nin mezhebi, siyasi ve iktisadi bakımdan en büyük rakibi olarak gördüğü Osmanlı Devleti'ne karşı tek başına mücadele etmesi mümkün değildi. Osmanlı Devleti'ne karşı üstünlük elde etmeye çalışan Safevî Devleti, bu gerçeklik doğrultusunda emperyalist hedeflerle İran sularına gelen Portekiz ile iş birliği yapmayı bir strateji olarak belirlemiştir. Bu makalede tamamıyla Farsça kaynaklar dikkate alınarak Safevî Devleti'nin siyasi ve iktisadi çıkarları için Portekiz ile ilişki kurmasını başlatan süreç, Safevî Devleti'nin takip ettiği strateji ele alınırken aynı zamanda Portekiz'in emperyalist hedeflerle hareket ederek bölge devletlerine karşı uyguladığı politika gözler önüne serilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Osmanli Devleti’nin 19.yy’da ileri gelen devlet adamlarindan birisi Mithat Pasa’dir. O, Birinci M... more Osmanli Devleti’nin 19.yy’da ileri gelen devlet adamlarindan birisi Mithat Pasa’dir. O, Birinci Mesrutiyet’in babasi unvaniyla unlu; ve 1876 Anayasasi’nin kurucusu olarak da taninmaktadir. Bu makale de, onun dusunce ve anlayisinin Iranli devlet adamlari uzerindeki etkileri degerlendirilecektir. Arastirmalar sirasinda ortaya cikarilan bulgular, Mithat Pasa’nin dusuncelerinin ve uygulamalarinin bircok Iranli devlet adaminin ilgisini cektigini gostermektedir. Fakat Iran’in sosyal ve siyasi yapisi geregi bu dusunceler, orada hic bir zaman etkili olamamistir. Buna mukabil Mithat Pasa’nin calismalarina, hem Kacar’li muhafazakâr, hem de reformist devlet adamlari dikkât etmekte ve onunla ilgili haberleri, takip etmekteydiler.
For the first time, in 1937, in Al-Thorha Al-Urrabieh, a revolutionary was given narrative of an ... more For the first time, in 1937, in Al-Thorha Al-Urrabieh, a revolutionary was given narrative of an event that took place in the not too distant past. The movement was by Urrabi Pasha and author was Abdol-Rahman Al-Rafei. It was about twenty years after the first publication of the Al-Thorha that the summary was published by Al-Rafei, but this time under the name of “Al-Zaiem Al-Thaer, Ahmad Urrabi”. Soon readers and rulers understood the difference of the second book is not in the summary, but it is in a new and different look to Urrabi. Why did A-Rafei relate the Urrabi movement as a different revolution? Why he changed his description of the revolution leadership? What was the meaning and purpose of these texts? The approach of this paper is to answer these questions and to study features of these two the sehistoriography works. These indicators are analyzed in the form of a dialogue between the text, the author and situational, thought, social and political texture and texts of the...
Midhat Pasha is one of the renowned Ottoman statesmen of 19 th century. He is known as the father... more Midhat Pasha is one of the renowned Ottoman statesmen of 19 th century. He is known as the father of the First Constitutional system and Author of the 1876 Constitution. The present paper is an attempt to study the reflections of his thoughts and practices among Iranian elites and statesmen of his time. The findings of the research indicate that although his ideas and practices drew the attention of many Iranian statesmen and intellectuals, they could never be considered a base for a major change in political atmosphere in Iran due to structural obstacles. Nevertheless, Pasha’s measures drew the attention of Qajar reformist as well as conservative statesmen who closely watched the developments in the Ottoman Empire.
Historiography of Nassavi is one of the late Arabic writings by an Iranian literarian and histori... more Historiography of Nassavi is one of the late Arabic writings by an Iranian literarian and historianwho has left two important works, i.e. Nafsat al Masdour and Sirat Jalaluddin Mengborni. The first one’s approach is memoir writing, with anembellished and intricate style. The second one’s approach is hagiology writing style, but ends up in a memoir writing approach. Under the prevailing turbulent circumstances of his time, Nassavi tries to analyze the pathology and decline of the Khwarazmian era. These works are among the first few historiographical studies of the Mongols. Nassavi does not explicitly refer to his historiographical approach. Hence, a researcher has to find out his thought and method through the lines of his writings. Attempts have been made in the present study to analyze Nassavi’s historiographical thought as well as his method which is based on hearsay and observation.
جامعه فرهمند، چگونه جامعه‌ای است؟ فرهمندی و اجتماع در یک جامعه اسلامی چه پیوندی باهم دارند؟ فرهمن... more جامعه فرهمند، چگونه جامعه‌ای است؟ فرهمندی و اجتماع در یک جامعه اسلامی چه پیوندی باهم دارند؟ فرهمندی چگونه در بستر جامعه باقی و جاری است؟ نگاه مسلمانان در قرون اولیه به فرهمندی چگونه بوده است؟ اين‌ها مهم‌ترین سؤالاتي هستند كه پژوهش حاضر بدان‌ها می‌پردازد. پژوهش پیش رو درصدد است به‌صورت تطبیقی به دنبال پاسخ این پرسش‌ها بگردد و نگاه فرق اصلی مسلمانان را در این مورد واکاوی نماید. در نتیجه اهل سنّت بعد از رحلت پیامبر، قائل به تجزیه فرّه بوده است؛ در مقابل، اهل تشیّع آن را تجزیه نکرده و بلکه دست‌نخورده تسرّی داده است.
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In this essay, the author attempts to provide an appropriate response to these criticisms in addition to further explaining his claim, in order to take a step towards greater understanding among historians about the nature and main function of historiography. The author emphasizes that defending the main function of knowledge and the field of history is an attempt to prevent the decline and decay of this academic field within other areas of humanities and social sciences, especially the general sciences of sociology and politics. The way out of this critical situation is therefore to emphasize dense description as the most important disciplinary task of historians.
In this essay, the author attempts to provide an appropriate response to these criticisms in addition to further explaining his claim, in order to take a step towards greater understanding among historians about the nature and main function of historiography. The author emphasizes that defending the main function of knowledge and the field of history is an attempt to prevent the decline and decay of this academic field within other areas of humanities and social sciences, especially the general sciences of sociology and politics. The way out of this critical situation is therefore to emphasize dense description as the most important disciplinary task of historians.