Papers by avery faigenbaum
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Oct 28, 2020
The aim was to systematically review and meta-analyze the current evidence for the effects of res... more The aim was to systematically review and meta-analyze the current evidence for the effects of resistance training (RT) on blood pressure (BP) as the main outcome and body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents. Two authors systematically searched the PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science Core Collection and EMBASE electronic databases. Inclusion criteria were: (1) children and adolescents (aged 8 to 18 years); (2) intervention studies including RT and (3) outcome measures of BP and BMI. The selected studies were analyzed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool. Eight articles met inclusion criteria totaling 571 participants. The mean age ranged from 9.3 to 15.9 years and the mean BMI of 29.34 (7.24) kg/m 2 ). Meta-analysis indicated that RT reduced BMI significantly (mean difference (MD): -0.43 kg/m 2 (95% CI: -0.82, -0.03), P = 0.03; I 2 = 5%) and a non-significant decrease in systolic BP (SBP) (MD: -1.09 mmHg (95% CI: -3.24, 1.07), P = 0.32; I 2 = 67%) and diastolic BP (DBP) (MD: -0.93 mmHg (95% CI: -2.05, 0.19), P = 0.10; I 2 = 37%). Limited evidence suggests that RT has no adverse effects on BP and may positively affect BP in youths. More high-quality studies are needed to clarify the association between RT and BP in light of body composition changes throughout childhood and adolescence.
Frontiers for Young Minds, Apr 5, 2022
Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach, Oct 30, 2015
n the United States, nearly 72% of school-aged youth (69% of girls and 75% of boys aged 8 to 17 y... more n the United States, nearly 72% of school-aged youth (69% of girls and 75% of boys aged 8 to 17 years) participate in at least 1 organized sport team or club. This equates to nearly 29 million youth playing organized sports. Similar growth in sports participation is increasing across the globe in children of all ages, and it is recognized that sports participation has many benefits, including living a healthy lifestyle, having a positive self-image, and building social relationships. In combination 614811S PHXXX10.
Background: Physical illiteracy is often referred as a lack of movement competence and is a serio... more Background: Physical illiteracy is often referred as a lack of movement competence and is a serious concern, especially among children. Physical tests to evaluate physical literacy are understudied, especially potential sex effects. To evaluate selected tests of physical literacy in children and to compare the outcomes by sex.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate children 6 -11 years who completed five physical tests: hand grip, vertical jump, sit and reach, Y-balance, and obstacle course (time and score). The obstacle course consisted of hopping, kicking a ball, catching a ball, throwing a ball, and sliding tasks. Outcome measures including test results were descriptively examined and compared by sex using the Wilcoxon rank sum test, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The study cohort was comprised of 133 children (62 males and 71 females, with a median age of 7.8 years). The median values for the physical tests were 34.0 kg in hand...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020
The aim was to systematically review and meta-analyze the current evidence for the effects of res... more The aim was to systematically review and meta-analyze the current evidence for the effects of resistance training (RT) on blood pressure (BP) as the main outcome and body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents. Two authors systematically searched the PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science Core Collection and EMBASE electronic databases. Inclusion criteria were: (1) children and adolescents (aged 8 to 18 years); (2) intervention studies including RT and (3) outcome measures of BP and BMI. The selected studies were analyzed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool. Eight articles met inclusion criteria totaling 571 participants. The mean age ranged from 9.3 to 15.9 years and the mean BMI of 29.34 (7.24) kg/m2). Meta-analysis indicated that RT reduced BMI significantly (mean difference (MD): −0.43 kg/m2 (95% CI: −0.82, −0.03), P = 0.03; I2 = 5%) and a non-significant decrease in systolic BP (SBP) (MD: −1.09 mmHg (95% CI: −3.24, 1.07), P = 0.32; I2 = 67%) and diastolic BP (DBP) (MD: −0.9...
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 2019
Integrative neuromuscular training (INT) has emerged as an effective strategy for improving healt... more Integrative neuromuscular training (INT) has emerged as an effective strategy for improving health- and skill-related components of physical fitness, yet few studies have explored the cardiometabolic demands of this type of training in children. The aim of this study was to examine the acute cardiometabolic responses to a multi-modal INT protocol and to compare these responses to a bout of moderate-intensity treadmill (TM) walking in children. Participants (n = 14, age 10.7 ± 1.1 years) were tested for peak oxygen uptake (VO2) and peak heart rate (HR) on a maximal TM test and subsequently participated in two experimental conditions on nonconsecutive days: a 12-min INT protocol of six different exercises performed twice for 30 s with a 30 s rest interval between sets and exercises and a 12-min TM protocol of walking at 50% VO2peak. Throughout the INT protocol mean VO2 and HR increased significantly from 14.9 ± 3.6 mL∙kg−1∙min−1 (28.2% VO2 peak) to 34.0 ± 6.4 mL∙kg−1∙min−1 (64.3% VO2 ...
Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach, 2015
Context: There is increased growth in sports participation across the globe. Sports specializatio... more Context: There is increased growth in sports participation across the globe. Sports specialization patterns, which include year-round training, participation on multiple teams of the same sport, and focused participation in a single sport at a young age, are at high levels. The need for this type of early specialized training in young athletes is currently under debate. Evidence Acquisition: Nonsystematic review. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Conclusion: Sports specialization is defined as year-round training (greater than 8 months per year), choosing a single main sport, and/or quitting all other sports to focus on 1 sport. Specialized training in young athletes has risks of injury and burnout, while the degree of specialization is positively correlated with increased serious overuse injury risk. Risk factors for injury in young athletes who specialize in a single sport include year-round single-sport training, participation in more competition, decreas...
Current sports medicine reports
Growing numbers of youth participating in competitive, organized physical activity have led to a ... more Growing numbers of youth participating in competitive, organized physical activity have led to a concern for the risk of sports-related injuries during important periods of human development. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of integrative neuromuscular training (INT) to enhance athletic performance and reduce the risk of sports-related injuries in youth. Successful implementation of INT necessitates instruction from knowledgeable and qualified instructors who understand the unique physical, cognitive, and psychosocial characteristics of the youth to provide appropriate training instruction and feedback. Principles of a classical theory of cognitive development provide a useful context for discussion of developmentally appropriate methods and strategies for INT instruction of youth. INT programs that consider these developmentally appropriate approaches will provide a controlled efficacious environment for youth to improve athletic performance and reduce risk of sports-r...
International journal of sports physical therapy, 2014
Although dynamic postural control is a prerequisite to the development of fundamental movement sk... more Although dynamic postural control is a prerequisite to the development of fundamental movement skills in children, few studies have examined the feasibility and reliability of assessment techniques that measure dynamic postural control in youth under 13 years of age. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and reliability of the Lower Quarter Y Balance Test (YBT-LQ) in children and to examine the reproducibility of these measures across developmental periods of childhood. 188 subjects in first through fifth grades (age = 6.9 to 12.1 yr) performed the YBT-LQ on two occasions in a field-based setting. Reach distances and cumulative score (sum of 3 directions) were measured and analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Sub-cohorts of 14 and 8 subjects were used to assess inter-rater reliability within-session and between-session, respectively. The overall ICC was moderate-to-good for the anterior (right=0.82; left=0.82), posteromedial (righ...
British journal of sports medicine, Jan 23, 2015
Current recommendations for physical activity in children overlook the critical importance of mot... more Current recommendations for physical activity in children overlook the critical importance of motor skill acquisition early in life. Instead, they focus on the quantitative aspects of physical activity (eg, accumulate 60 min of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity) and selected health-related components of physical fitness (eg, aerobic fitness, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility and body composition). This focus on exercise quantity in youth may limit considerations of qualitative aspects of programme design which include (1) skill development, (2) socialisation and (3) enjoyment of exercise. The timing of brain development and associated neuroplasticity for motor skill learning makes the preadolescence period a critical time to develop and reinforce fundamental movement skills in boys and girls. Children who do not participate regularly in structured motor skill-enriched activities during physical education classes or diverse youth sports programmes may neve...
Journal of sports science & medicine, 2007
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a six week training period of combined pl... more The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a six week training period of combined plyometric and resistance training (PRT, n = 13) or resistance training alone (RT, n = 14) on fitness performance in boys (12-15 yr). The RT group performed static stretching exercises followed by resistance training whereas the PRT group performed plyometric exercises followed by the same resistance training program. The training duration per session for both groups was 90 min. At baseline and after training all participants were tested on the vertical jump, long jump, medicine ball toss, 9.1 m sprint, pro agility shuttle run and flexibility. The PRT group made significantly (p < 0.05) greater improvements than RT in long jump (10.8 cm vs. 2.2 cm), medicine ball toss (39.1 cm vs. 17.7 cm) and pro agility shuttle run time (-0.23 sec vs. -0.02 sec) following training. These findings suggest that the addition of plyometric training to a resistance training program may be more beneficial t...
Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 2012
Radiation induces a complex tissue-specific response cascade at the molecular, cellular and tissu... more Radiation induces a complex tissue-specific response cascade at the molecular, cellular and tissue level involving DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis, loss of reproductive capacity, premature senescence, cytokine cascades, tissue remodeling, etc. Predictive in vitro assays try to target different variables known to determine normal tissue reactions. The concentration of a specific molecule(s), often on the outer surface of a cell, which binds a specific ligand such as a hormone or growth factor. Receptors are specific areas of the cell membrane, which can be activated by hormones and transmitter substances. Receptors pass through the membrane and may activate intracellular signaling systems. There are many types of receptors. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are acting on two different types of receptors called a-adrenergic receptors (or a-adrenoceptors) or on b-adrenoceptors. There are several subtypes. Activation of so-called a 1 -adrenoceptors increases the intracellular concentration of Ca ++ and smooth cells will contract. Activation of b-adrenoceptors increases c-AMP inside cells and this may result in various responses dependent on the subtype of the receptor.
Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 2012
Radiation induces a complex tissue-specific response cascade at the molecular, cellular and tissu... more Radiation induces a complex tissue-specific response cascade at the molecular, cellular and tissue level involving DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis, loss of reproductive capacity, premature senescence, cytokine cascades, tissue remodeling, etc. Predictive in vitro assays try to target different variables known to determine normal tissue reactions. The concentration of a specific molecule(s), often on the outer surface of a cell, which binds a specific ligand such as a hormone or growth factor. Receptors are specific areas of the cell membrane, which can be activated by hormones and transmitter substances. Receptors pass through the membrane and may activate intracellular signaling systems. There are many types of receptors. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are acting on two different types of receptors called a-adrenergic receptors (or a-adrenoceptors) or on b-adrenoceptors. There are several subtypes. Activation of so-called a 1 -adrenoceptors increases the intracellular concentration of Ca ++ and smooth cells will contract. Activation of b-adrenoceptors increases c-AMP inside cells and this may result in various responses dependent on the subtype of the receptor.
Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 2012
Radiation induces a complex tissue-specific response cascade at the molecular, cellular and tissu... more Radiation induces a complex tissue-specific response cascade at the molecular, cellular and tissue level involving DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis, loss of reproductive capacity, premature senescence, cytokine cascades, tissue remodeling, etc. Predictive in vitro assays try to target different variables known to determine normal tissue reactions. The concentration of a specific molecule(s), often on the outer surface of a cell, which binds a specific ligand such as a hormone or growth factor. Receptors are specific areas of the cell membrane, which can be activated by hormones and transmitter substances. Receptors pass through the membrane and may activate intracellular signaling systems. There are many types of receptors. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are acting on two different types of receptors called a-adrenergic receptors (or a-adrenoceptors) or on b-adrenoceptors. There are several subtypes. Activation of so-called a 1 -adrenoceptors increases the intracellular concentration of Ca ++ and smooth cells will contract. Activation of b-adrenoceptors increases c-AMP inside cells and this may result in various responses dependent on the subtype of the receptor.
Pediatric Physical Therapy, 2013
The Problem-The decline and disinterest in regular physical activity among contemporary youth has... more The Problem-The decline and disinterest in regular physical activity among contemporary youth has created an immediate need to identify and treat these youngsters before they become resistant to our interventions. Key Points-Exercise deficit disorder is a term used to describe a condition characterized by reduced levels of physical activity that are inconsistent with current public health recommendations. Pediatric physical therapists are in an enviable position to identify and treat exercise deficit disorder in youth regardless of body size or physical ability. Recommendation-If pediatric physical therapists want to become advocates for children's health and wellness, there is a need to address limitations in the physical therapist professional curriculum, educate families on the benefits of wellness programming, and initiate preventive strategies that identify youth who are inactive, promote daily physical activity and encourage healthy lifestyle choices.
The Journal of School Nursing, 2012
Although the benefits of regular physical activity are widely acknowledged, recent epidemiologica... more Although the benefits of regular physical activity are widely acknowledged, recent epidemiological findings indicate that a growing number of youth are not as active as they should be. The impact of a sedentary lifestyle during childhood and adolescence on life-long pathological processes and associated health care costs have created a need for immediate action to manage, if not prevent, unhealthy behaviors during this vulnerable period of life. "Exercise deficit disorder" or EDD is term used to describe a condition characterized by reduced levels of regular physical activity that are below recommendations consistent with positive health outcomes. The identification of physically inactive children early in life and the prescription of effective exercise interventions to prevent the cascade of adverse health outcomes later in life is needed to focus on primary prevention and impact the collective behaviors of fitness professionals, health-care providers, government officials, school administrators, public health agencies and insurance companies. In this session, the causes of exercise deficit disorder will be discussed and potential solutions that link health-care with fitness-care will be explored.
Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 2011
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2013
Objective-The purpose of this study was to examine the association of knee injuries with subseque... more Objective-The purpose of this study was to examine the association of knee injuries with subsequent changes in body mass index and body composition during maturation in young females. Methods-A prospective longitudinal study design was employed to evaluate young females active in soccer or basketball (N=862). Participants who completed at least 1-year follow-up to provide consecutive annual measures of BMIZ and %fat were included in the study analysis to determine the effect of knee injuries on the trajectory of these obesity markers in youth. Results-Of the 71 reported knee injuries, 12 (17%) occurred in athletes at the prepubertal stage, 24 (34%) in athletes at the pubertal stage, and 35 (49%) in postpubertal athletes. Controlling for the effects of maturation, female athletes who reported knee injury demonstrated a greater yearly increase in BMIZ (LS means and 95% CI for the injured group=0.039 (-0.012 to 0.089), for the non-injured group=-0.019 (-0.066 to 0.029), and group difference=0.057 (0.005 to 0.11), p=0.03) and in %body fat (LS means and 95% CI for the injured group=1.05 (0.45 to 1.65), for the noninjured group=0.22 (-0.21 to 0.064), and group difference=0.83 (0.21 to 1.45), p=0.009), compared to those without knee injuries. This indicates that the athletes with knee injuries will increase their body mass index percentile by up to 5 units more than someone of the same age without an injury, and in body fat by up to 1.5%, compared to their non-injured peers. Conclusions-The present findings indicate that knee injury during the growing years may be associated with unfavourable changes in body composition.
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2010
Dette er siste tekst-versjon av artikkelen, og den kan inneholde ubetydelige forskjeller fra forl... more Dette er siste tekst-versjon av artikkelen, og den kan inneholde ubetydelige forskjeller fra forlagets pdf-versjon. Forlagets pdf-versjon finner du på bjsm.bjm.
Journal of dance medicine & science : official publication of the International Association for Dance Medicine & Science, 2016
Resistance training often is not an inherent component of current dance training for pediatric fe... more Resistance training often is not an inherent component of current dance training for pediatric female dancers. Reasons for this include concerns surrounding injury to the immature skeleton and diminishing dancer aesthetic appearance, as well as questions related to the effectiveness of such training for increasing dancer strength and muscle endurance. Many forms of dance demand sufficient muscle strength and endurance for prolonged periods of high intensity dance, power generation during leaps and jumps, as well as stabilization of the lower extremity to prevent injury. The benefits of resistance training for the pediatric female dancer are multiple, including improved muscle strength and bone health and decreased risk for stress related injuries to the actively growing skeleton. Understanding the biomechanical changes that occur during growth that may predispose the female dancer to injury is important, as well as initiating individualized resistance training protocols early in tra...
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Papers by avery faigenbaum