Proceedings of the Second African Conference for Human Computer Interaction: Thriving Communities
As technology evolves, exhibiting human-like characteristics, it is becoming a part of human dail... more As technology evolves, exhibiting human-like characteristics, it is becoming a part of human daily activities with possibility of high degrees of dependency, due to its adaptation to users. For example, merely speaking to a smart phone to make a call or send a text. The new challenge of persuading users to change behavior such as low adoption of these technologies has emerged, because little effort is required to use them, but users know little or nothing about how they function. Trust is a key concept to study, as it can mitigate the presently discussed risk and uncertainty associated with present and future technologies. In addition to trust, emotion is also a key indicator for persuading users to changing behavior toward technical artifact. Therefore, this research focuses on unraveling the interplay between emotion and trust of users when interacting with human-like technologies. The contribution of this research is the development of conceptual mapping of various emotional affect and trust in technology, using psychometric and physiological evidences. This can further the understanding of persuasive application development by taking not just trust factors into account or emotional factors alone, but the relationship between these two indicators
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes in technology use worldwide, both socially an... more Background The COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes in technology use worldwide, both socially and economically. This pandemic crisis has brought additional measures such as contact-tracing apps (CTAs) to help fight against spread of the virus. Unfortunately, the low adoption rate of these apps affected their success. There could be many reasons for the low adoption, including concerns of security and privacy, along with reported issues of trust in CTAs. Some concerns are related with how CTAs could be used as surveillance tools or their potential threats to privacy as they involve health data. For example, in Estonia, the CTA named HOIA had approximately 250,000 downloads in the middle of January 2021. However, in 2021, only 4.7% of the population used HOIA as a COVID-19 CTA. The reasons for the low adoption include lack of competency, and privacy and security concerns. This lower adoption and the lack of trustworthiness persist despite efforts of the European Union in building eth...
Inteligencia artificial: de la discrepancia regional a las reglas universales : integración de percepciones políticas, económicas y legales, 2020, ISBN 978-84-1346-833-4, págs. 129-148, 2020
Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2020
Privacy and security breaches have gained more attention and people’s trust in different platform... more Privacy and security breaches have gained more attention and people’s trust in different platforms has been affected negatively. In light of the rise of data and security breaches, trust has become important to both experts and users. We are generating more data than ever before but how this data is being used or handled is unclear. The goal of this research is to understand Estonian Facebook users’ usage behavior and perception of trust in Facebook. Knowing how users perceive trust and its effect on their usage behavior, designers can create platforms that are trustworthy and thereby, user friendly.
Proceedings of the 9th Indian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, 2018
Trust is an important decision-making construct helping users to adopt and continually use a syst... more Trust is an important decision-making construct helping users to adopt and continually use a system. Despite its importance, past research has mainly focused on studying and researching it in technology mediated interactions. As nature of technical artifacts becomes increasingly intelligent and human-like, a theory for explaining and predicting trust in such artifacts also becomes important. However, studying trust relationship of a user with technical artifacts is still in its infancy. To address this, we build on prior work which empirically modelled trust in user technology interactions and evaluate a human computer trust model using partial-least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Our research results identify four factors: competence, benevolence, willingness & reciprocity which impact user trust. Suggestions for future applications of the model are also discussed. Our study contributes to the literature by advancing the discussion on (a) human-like technologies and (b) the role of trust in human-artifact relationship.
Various health settings have advocated for involving patients and members of the public (PPI) in ... more Various health settings have advocated for involving patients and members of the public (PPI) in research as a means to increase quality and relevance of the produced knowledge. However, youth PPI has been an understudied area. This protocol paper describes a new project that aims to summarize what is known about PPI with young people in mental health research. In line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement guidelines we will identify and appraise suitable articles and extract and synthesize relevant information including at least two reviewers at each stage of the process. Results will be presented in two systematic reviews that will describe (a) how youth PPI has been conducted (Review1) and (b) what impact youth PPI had on the subsequent research and on stakeholders (Review2). To our knowledge, this is the first set of reviews that uses a critical appraisal tool, which is co-developed with children and young people. Findings from thi...
Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Shaping Experiences, Shaping Society, 2020
With rapid digitalization, trust has become a critical issue in designing and maintaining e-comme... more With rapid digitalization, trust has become a critical issue in designing and maintaining e-commerce platforms – without trust, no transaction takes place. Companies that design for trust have a strategic advantage over competitors. Although trust is a crucial factor in e-commerce, designing a trustworthy website can be challenging for companies that make most or part of their profits online. The study builds on prior research to propose a comprehensive and up-do-date checklist of trust-inducing design components. Trust components are divided into three dimensions of website design; their impact on users’ trust perceptions is studied in an online experiment with two websites. The results present demonstrable evidence that website design has a powerful impact on users’ trust perceptions. Professional design, primarily visual aspects, is responsible for creating a positive user first impression. Furthermore, additional trust is built through different dimensions of website design, increasing the likeliness of buying from the site.
Advances in Creativity, Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Communication of Design, 2020
With rapid digitalization, trust has become a critical issue in designing and maintaining e-comme... more With rapid digitalization, trust has become a critical issue in designing and maintaining e-commerce platforms – without trust, no transaction takes place. Companies that design for trust have a strategic advantage over competitors. Although trust is a crucial factor in e-commerce, designing a trustworthy website can be challenging for companies that make most or part of their profits online. The study builds on prior research to propose a comprehensive and up-do-date checklist. Trust components are divided into three dimensions of website design; their impact on users’ trust perceptions is studied in an online experiment with two websites. The results present demonstrable evidence that website design has a powerful impact on users’ trust perceptions. Professional design, primarily visual aspects, is responsible for creating a positive user first impression. Furthermore, additional trust is built through different dimensions of website design, increasing the likeliness of buying from the site.
Trust has shown to be a key factor influencing user uptake and acceptance of technologies. Despit... more Trust has shown to be a key factor influencing user uptake and acceptance of technologies. Despite the increase in interest in trust research and its stated importance in HCI, prior research has mainly focused on understanding its role in human to human interactions mediated through technology. The ongoing and rapid technological developments have made it necessary to move beyond studying trust relationships between people mediated by information technology (IT) and focus on studying the relationship of the user with the IT artifact itself. We recognize that HCI discipline lacks a focused body of knowledge on trust and there is a lack of theoretically grounded and robust psychometric instruments for quantifying trust. With this in mind, this article is aimed at empirically evaluating a socio-technical model of trust so as to assess its feasibility in user technology interactions. Using prior established measures and theories, we identify seven trust attributes and test the proposed model using partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Our study contributes to the literature by advancing the discussion of trust in human-artefact relationship.
Trust plays an essential role in all human relationships. However, measuring trust remains a chal... more Trust plays an essential role in all human relationships. However, measuring trust remains a challenge for researchers exploring psychophysiological signals. Therefore, this article aims to systematically map the approaches used in studies assessing trust with psychophysiological signals. In particular, we examine the numbers and frequency of combined psychophysiological signals, the primary outcomes of previous studies, and the types and most commonly used data analysis techniques for analyzing psychophysiological data to infer a trust state. For this purpose, we employ a systematic mapping review method, through which we analyze 51 carefully selected articles (studies focused on trust using psychophysiology). Two significant findings are as follows: (1) Psychophysiological signals from EEG(electroencephalogram) and ECG(electrocardiogram) for monitoring peripheral and central nervous systems are the most frequently used to measure trust, while audio and EOG(electro-oculography) psy...
System architecture plays a crucial role in the establishment of Digital Government infrastructur... more System architecture plays a crucial role in the establishment of Digital Government infrastructure. Over recent decades, various architectures have been introduced by scholars for the establishment of Digital Government infrastructure. However, there is no uniform agreement on Digital Government architecture concepts required for Digital Government infrastructure. To more thoroughly examine the Digital Government architecture introduced in this article, we collected 103 papers published between 2003 and 2020 retrieved from five leading literature databases. To conduct our research, we followed best practice scholarly accepted guidelines for researchers. Per the guidelines, we formulated research questions and employed an approach based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to meet our research goals. Our study found evidence that there is a lack of knowledge in terms of the state-of-the-art in Digital Government infrastructure and its challenges concerning existing Digital Go...
BACKGROUND There is a high prevalence of children and young people (CYP) experiencing mental heal... more BACKGROUND There is a high prevalence of children and young people (CYP) experiencing mental health (MH) problems. Owing to accessibility, affordability, and scalability, an increasing number of digital health interventions (DHIs) have been developed and incorporated into MH treatment. Studies have shown the potential of DHIs to improve MH outcomes. However, the modes of delivery used to engage CYP in digital MH interventions may differ, with implications for the extent to which findings pertain to the level of engagement with the DHI. Knowledge of the various modalities could aid in the development of interventions that are acceptable and feasible. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to (1) identify modes of delivery used in CYP digital MH interventions, (2) explore influencing factors to usage and implementation, and (3) investigate ways in which the interventions have been evaluated and whether CYP engage in DHIs. METHODS A literature search was performed in the Cochrane Library, Excerpt...
The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Invention for Innovation (i4i) programme suppor... more The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Invention for Innovation (i4i) programme supports the development of innovative medical technologies for patient benefit. The i4i product development stream involves collaborative projects between at least two partners from academia, the NHS and industry. Medical technology innovators apply for funding for one to three years, through a peer review-based process that includes presentation to a selection panel. The funding and business advice provided by i4i support the development of early-stage innovations, generally at proof of concept and prototype stages. Since its inception the product development stream has identified and supported 170 projects, led by 146 principal investigators (PIs). RAND Europe evaluated the programme, with the aim of identifying its outputs and impacts and examining the factors influencing performance. The evaluation findings should help inform the future of the programme. The evaluation used a multi-method...
This article analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of current data communication mechanism am... more This article analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of current data communication mechanism among multiple virtual machines. Combining the characteristics of the cloud platform openstack, this paper puts forward a method to make the communication of virtual machines more efficient by using para-virtualization. Through the shared memory we can break down the communication barriers among the virtual machines and reduce the number of data copy times in the process of data transferring. Experiments show that the communication efficiency of multiple virtual machines gets higher.
Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2015
The purpose of this paper is to conceptualise how academics seek information relevant to their wo... more The purpose of this paper is to conceptualise how academics seek information relevant to their work or study in an academic library context. To accomplish our goals, we involved several stakeholders to better elicit their information seeking behavioural patterns. In this paper we perform a user test which allows us to establish customised information seeking models, which conceptualise the behavioural activity patterns of academic scholars from the information need stage until the termination of the search activity. We also propose suitable user requirements using personas as contextual settings, which might be helpful for informing the design and development of such systems.
Proceedings of the Second African Conference for Human Computer Interaction: Thriving Communities
As technology evolves, exhibiting human-like characteristics, it is becoming a part of human dail... more As technology evolves, exhibiting human-like characteristics, it is becoming a part of human daily activities with possibility of high degrees of dependency, due to its adaptation to users. For example, merely speaking to a smart phone to make a call or send a text. The new challenge of persuading users to change behavior such as low adoption of these technologies has emerged, because little effort is required to use them, but users know little or nothing about how they function. Trust is a key concept to study, as it can mitigate the presently discussed risk and uncertainty associated with present and future technologies. In addition to trust, emotion is also a key indicator for persuading users to changing behavior toward technical artifact. Therefore, this research focuses on unraveling the interplay between emotion and trust of users when interacting with human-like technologies. The contribution of this research is the development of conceptual mapping of various emotional affect and trust in technology, using psychometric and physiological evidences. This can further the understanding of persuasive application development by taking not just trust factors into account or emotional factors alone, but the relationship between these two indicators
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes in technology use worldwide, both socially an... more Background The COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes in technology use worldwide, both socially and economically. This pandemic crisis has brought additional measures such as contact-tracing apps (CTAs) to help fight against spread of the virus. Unfortunately, the low adoption rate of these apps affected their success. There could be many reasons for the low adoption, including concerns of security and privacy, along with reported issues of trust in CTAs. Some concerns are related with how CTAs could be used as surveillance tools or their potential threats to privacy as they involve health data. For example, in Estonia, the CTA named HOIA had approximately 250,000 downloads in the middle of January 2021. However, in 2021, only 4.7% of the population used HOIA as a COVID-19 CTA. The reasons for the low adoption include lack of competency, and privacy and security concerns. This lower adoption and the lack of trustworthiness persist despite efforts of the European Union in building eth...
Inteligencia artificial: de la discrepancia regional a las reglas universales : integración de percepciones políticas, económicas y legales, 2020, ISBN 978-84-1346-833-4, págs. 129-148, 2020
Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2020
Privacy and security breaches have gained more attention and people’s trust in different platform... more Privacy and security breaches have gained more attention and people’s trust in different platforms has been affected negatively. In light of the rise of data and security breaches, trust has become important to both experts and users. We are generating more data than ever before but how this data is being used or handled is unclear. The goal of this research is to understand Estonian Facebook users’ usage behavior and perception of trust in Facebook. Knowing how users perceive trust and its effect on their usage behavior, designers can create platforms that are trustworthy and thereby, user friendly.
Proceedings of the 9th Indian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, 2018
Trust is an important decision-making construct helping users to adopt and continually use a syst... more Trust is an important decision-making construct helping users to adopt and continually use a system. Despite its importance, past research has mainly focused on studying and researching it in technology mediated interactions. As nature of technical artifacts becomes increasingly intelligent and human-like, a theory for explaining and predicting trust in such artifacts also becomes important. However, studying trust relationship of a user with technical artifacts is still in its infancy. To address this, we build on prior work which empirically modelled trust in user technology interactions and evaluate a human computer trust model using partial-least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Our research results identify four factors: competence, benevolence, willingness & reciprocity which impact user trust. Suggestions for future applications of the model are also discussed. Our study contributes to the literature by advancing the discussion on (a) human-like technologies and (b) the role of trust in human-artifact relationship.
Various health settings have advocated for involving patients and members of the public (PPI) in ... more Various health settings have advocated for involving patients and members of the public (PPI) in research as a means to increase quality and relevance of the produced knowledge. However, youth PPI has been an understudied area. This protocol paper describes a new project that aims to summarize what is known about PPI with young people in mental health research. In line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement guidelines we will identify and appraise suitable articles and extract and synthesize relevant information including at least two reviewers at each stage of the process. Results will be presented in two systematic reviews that will describe (a) how youth PPI has been conducted (Review1) and (b) what impact youth PPI had on the subsequent research and on stakeholders (Review2). To our knowledge, this is the first set of reviews that uses a critical appraisal tool, which is co-developed with children and young people. Findings from thi...
Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Shaping Experiences, Shaping Society, 2020
With rapid digitalization, trust has become a critical issue in designing and maintaining e-comme... more With rapid digitalization, trust has become a critical issue in designing and maintaining e-commerce platforms – without trust, no transaction takes place. Companies that design for trust have a strategic advantage over competitors. Although trust is a crucial factor in e-commerce, designing a trustworthy website can be challenging for companies that make most or part of their profits online. The study builds on prior research to propose a comprehensive and up-do-date checklist of trust-inducing design components. Trust components are divided into three dimensions of website design; their impact on users’ trust perceptions is studied in an online experiment with two websites. The results present demonstrable evidence that website design has a powerful impact on users’ trust perceptions. Professional design, primarily visual aspects, is responsible for creating a positive user first impression. Furthermore, additional trust is built through different dimensions of website design, increasing the likeliness of buying from the site.
Advances in Creativity, Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Communication of Design, 2020
With rapid digitalization, trust has become a critical issue in designing and maintaining e-comme... more With rapid digitalization, trust has become a critical issue in designing and maintaining e-commerce platforms – without trust, no transaction takes place. Companies that design for trust have a strategic advantage over competitors. Although trust is a crucial factor in e-commerce, designing a trustworthy website can be challenging for companies that make most or part of their profits online. The study builds on prior research to propose a comprehensive and up-do-date checklist. Trust components are divided into three dimensions of website design; their impact on users’ trust perceptions is studied in an online experiment with two websites. The results present demonstrable evidence that website design has a powerful impact on users’ trust perceptions. Professional design, primarily visual aspects, is responsible for creating a positive user first impression. Furthermore, additional trust is built through different dimensions of website design, increasing the likeliness of buying from the site.
Trust has shown to be a key factor influencing user uptake and acceptance of technologies. Despit... more Trust has shown to be a key factor influencing user uptake and acceptance of technologies. Despite the increase in interest in trust research and its stated importance in HCI, prior research has mainly focused on understanding its role in human to human interactions mediated through technology. The ongoing and rapid technological developments have made it necessary to move beyond studying trust relationships between people mediated by information technology (IT) and focus on studying the relationship of the user with the IT artifact itself. We recognize that HCI discipline lacks a focused body of knowledge on trust and there is a lack of theoretically grounded and robust psychometric instruments for quantifying trust. With this in mind, this article is aimed at empirically evaluating a socio-technical model of trust so as to assess its feasibility in user technology interactions. Using prior established measures and theories, we identify seven trust attributes and test the proposed model using partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Our study contributes to the literature by advancing the discussion of trust in human-artefact relationship.
Trust plays an essential role in all human relationships. However, measuring trust remains a chal... more Trust plays an essential role in all human relationships. However, measuring trust remains a challenge for researchers exploring psychophysiological signals. Therefore, this article aims to systematically map the approaches used in studies assessing trust with psychophysiological signals. In particular, we examine the numbers and frequency of combined psychophysiological signals, the primary outcomes of previous studies, and the types and most commonly used data analysis techniques for analyzing psychophysiological data to infer a trust state. For this purpose, we employ a systematic mapping review method, through which we analyze 51 carefully selected articles (studies focused on trust using psychophysiology). Two significant findings are as follows: (1) Psychophysiological signals from EEG(electroencephalogram) and ECG(electrocardiogram) for monitoring peripheral and central nervous systems are the most frequently used to measure trust, while audio and EOG(electro-oculography) psy...
System architecture plays a crucial role in the establishment of Digital Government infrastructur... more System architecture plays a crucial role in the establishment of Digital Government infrastructure. Over recent decades, various architectures have been introduced by scholars for the establishment of Digital Government infrastructure. However, there is no uniform agreement on Digital Government architecture concepts required for Digital Government infrastructure. To more thoroughly examine the Digital Government architecture introduced in this article, we collected 103 papers published between 2003 and 2020 retrieved from five leading literature databases. To conduct our research, we followed best practice scholarly accepted guidelines for researchers. Per the guidelines, we formulated research questions and employed an approach based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to meet our research goals. Our study found evidence that there is a lack of knowledge in terms of the state-of-the-art in Digital Government infrastructure and its challenges concerning existing Digital Go...
BACKGROUND There is a high prevalence of children and young people (CYP) experiencing mental heal... more BACKGROUND There is a high prevalence of children and young people (CYP) experiencing mental health (MH) problems. Owing to accessibility, affordability, and scalability, an increasing number of digital health interventions (DHIs) have been developed and incorporated into MH treatment. Studies have shown the potential of DHIs to improve MH outcomes. However, the modes of delivery used to engage CYP in digital MH interventions may differ, with implications for the extent to which findings pertain to the level of engagement with the DHI. Knowledge of the various modalities could aid in the development of interventions that are acceptable and feasible. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to (1) identify modes of delivery used in CYP digital MH interventions, (2) explore influencing factors to usage and implementation, and (3) investigate ways in which the interventions have been evaluated and whether CYP engage in DHIs. METHODS A literature search was performed in the Cochrane Library, Excerpt...
The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Invention for Innovation (i4i) programme suppor... more The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Invention for Innovation (i4i) programme supports the development of innovative medical technologies for patient benefit. The i4i product development stream involves collaborative projects between at least two partners from academia, the NHS and industry. Medical technology innovators apply for funding for one to three years, through a peer review-based process that includes presentation to a selection panel. The funding and business advice provided by i4i support the development of early-stage innovations, generally at proof of concept and prototype stages. Since its inception the product development stream has identified and supported 170 projects, led by 146 principal investigators (PIs). RAND Europe evaluated the programme, with the aim of identifying its outputs and impacts and examining the factors influencing performance. The evaluation findings should help inform the future of the programme. The evaluation used a multi-method...
This article analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of current data communication mechanism am... more This article analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of current data communication mechanism among multiple virtual machines. Combining the characteristics of the cloud platform openstack, this paper puts forward a method to make the communication of virtual machines more efficient by using para-virtualization. Through the shared memory we can break down the communication barriers among the virtual machines and reduce the number of data copy times in the process of data transferring. Experiments show that the communication efficiency of multiple virtual machines gets higher.
Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2015
The purpose of this paper is to conceptualise how academics seek information relevant to their wo... more The purpose of this paper is to conceptualise how academics seek information relevant to their work or study in an academic library context. To accomplish our goals, we involved several stakeholders to better elicit their information seeking behavioural patterns. In this paper we perform a user test which allows us to establish customised information seeking models, which conceptualise the behavioural activity patterns of academic scholars from the information need stage until the termination of the search activity. We also propose suitable user requirements using personas as contextual settings, which might be helpful for informing the design and development of such systems.
The goal of the course is to lay the foundations for understanding the ways humans, both as indiv... more The goal of the course is to lay the foundations for understanding the ways humans, both as individuals and in social groups, adopt, adapt, and organize their lives around computational technologies.
The course main goal is to highlight the experiential, affective, meaningful and valuable aspec... more The course main goal is to highlight the experiential, affective, meaningful and valuable aspects of human-computer interaction as a complement to pragmatic attributes such as utility, ease of use and efficiency of the system.
The research reported in this thesis makes a contribution towards a comprehensive
understanding o... more The research reported in this thesis makes a contribution towards a comprehensive understanding of the online distance learning process. This research specifically addresses the effects of learners’ trust in relation to particular trust factors in their academic performance when studying at a distance. An initial theoretical framework is outlined, which encompasses investigated areas such as distance education, online distance learning, trust, performance, assessment, online communities, co-operation and collaboration. Subsequently, a two stage empirical research process is described.
System architecture plays a crucial role in the establishment of Digital Government infrastructur... more System architecture plays a crucial role in the establishment of Digital Government infrastructure. Over recent decades, various architectures have been introduced by scholars for the establishment of Digital Government infrastructure. However, there is no uniform agreement on Digital Government architecture concepts required for Digital Government infrastructure. To more thoroughly examine the Digital Government architecture introduced in this article, we collected 103 papers published between 2003 and 2020 retrieved from five leading literature databases. To conduct our research, we followed best practice scholarly accepted guidelines for researchers. Per the guidelines, we formulated research questions and employed an approach based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to meet our research goals. Our study found evidence that there is a lack of knowledge in terms of the state-of-the-art in Digital Government infrastructure and its challenges concerning existing Digital Government architectures. We identified a set of primary Digital Government architecture characteristics and building blocks on which the Digital Government infrastructures are built. These components are meant to improve the design of future Digital Government systems and applications. Furthermore, our research revealed a need for designing a reference architecture to provide government organizations with the best practice knowledge of already existing Digital Government architectures.
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Papers by Sonia Sousa
understanding of the online distance learning process. This research specifically
addresses the effects of learners’ trust in relation to particular trust factors in their
academic performance when studying at a distance.
An initial theoretical framework is outlined, which encompasses investigated areas such as distance education, online distance learning, trust, performance, assessment, online communities, co-operation and collaboration. Subsequently, a two stage empirical research process is described.