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According to the HELCOM AIS, there are about 2,000 ships in the Baltic marine area at any given moment. The main environmental effects of shipping and other activities at sea include air pollution, illegal deliberate and accidental discharges of oil, hazardous substances and other wastes, and the unintentional introduction of invasive alien organisms via ships' ballast water or hulls. Original oil pollution model and optimal allocation of response resources was proposed in the paper.

According to the HELCOM AIS, there are about 2,000 ships in the Baltic marine area at any given moment. The main environmental effects of shipping and other activities at sea include air pollution, illegal deliberate and accidental discharges of oil, hazardous substances and other wastes, and the unintentional introduction of invasive alien organisms via ships’ ballast water or hulls. Original oil pollution model and optimal allocation of response resources was proposed in the paper.

The problem of the accuracy of anti-collision manoeuvres planning and executing at different radar picture stabilization methods (sea or ground stabilization) is described in the article. The analysis of performance standards elaborated for the radar equipment and the results of the simulation are presented. The obtained research results could be the base of discussion on the need to correct the radar equipment performance standards for easier and more appropriate interpretation of information. Basic radar utility use (for example trial manoeuvre) should be more clearly described in manuals for better and proper radar use.

Guarantee of the ship safety is the primary task posed for modern navigation systems. This concerns monitoring the proper ship position as well as providing accurate information about the collision threat. The proper interpretation of this information belongs to the navigator. He must take into account many variables affecting the assessment of the situation and then make the right decision regarding anti-collision manoeuvres. This assessment could be made easier for him with use some form of graphic target data presentation methods other than currently required and described in IMO performance standards. Other possible graphic presentation methods of collision information are described in the article along with the concept of their usage.

The problem of the accuracy of anti-collision manoeuvres planning and executing at different radar picture stabilization methods (sea or ground stabilization) is described in the article. The analysis of performance standards elaborated for the radar equipment and the results of the simulation are presented. The obtained research results could be the base of discussion on the need to correct the radar equipment performance standards for easier and more appropriate interpretation of information. Basic radar utility use (for example trial manoeuvre) should be more clearly described in manuals for better and proper radar use.

Increasing of the navigation safety level, especially in difficult and heavy traffic areas, is the main reason of VTS creation. The Navi-Harbour 5000 is the one of the newest systems created for VTS system management and it fulfils requirements included in IMO Resolution A.857(20). Main system functions of the vessels traf-fic movement monitoring are characterized in this article. The effectiveness of the VTS operator work should be increased by proper configuration and use these functions in everyday service.

Is it cricket? An ethical evaluation of race quotas in sport Carl Thomen THMCAR019 A minor dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Arts in Philosophy COMPULSORY DECLARATION Faculty of the Humanities University of Cape Town 2008 This work has not been previously submitted in whole, or in part, for the award of any degree. It is my own work. Each significant contribution to, and quotation in, this dissertation from the work, or works, of other people has been attributed, and has been cited and referenced.

Very high safety standards set for modern sea shipping are a big challenge both for the navigators themselves and training centers. Practical training, which gives the possibility to practice any typical and unusual sea situations, unexpected events and failures, rescue operations, or maneuvering in restricted areas, is very important. Full mission bridge simulators are widely used in this field. The aim of this conducted research was to verify the usefulness of a multitask navigation bridge simulator in the process of automatic evaluation of anticollision actions executed by a navigator. To achieve that, the available literature was analyzed, several simulations were carried out, and expert studies were performed. The simulations were carried out in the K-Sim Polaris simulator with the participation of students, deck officers, and captains. Expert research was carried out with a group of navigators with different professional experiences. This allowed for verification of the used e...

GNSSs’ position determination depends on the stability and accuracy of the measured time. However, since SVs travel at velocities significantly larger than the receivers and, more importantly, the electromagnetic impulses propagate through changing gravitational potentials, enormous errors stemming from relativity-based clock offsets would cause the position mistake of about 11 km accumulated after one day. Basing on the premise of the constancy of light two major relativistic effects are described: time dilation and gravitational frequency shift. Following the individual interests of the author formulas of both are scrupulously derived from general and special relativity theories’ principles; moreover in the last but one section the equations are used to calculate author’s own numerical values of studied parameters for various GNSS and one LNSS.

The report presents the simulation results of collision between m/v ‘Baltic Ace’ and m/v ‘Corvus J’. The analysis was performed by means of navigation decision support system (NDSS) in collision situations. This system (NAVDEC) works out anti-collision manoeuvre using AIS (Automatic Identification System) and ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aids) data. Then they are processed by specialized computing algorithms and presented to the operator on a display in the alphanumeric and graphic forms. The data on the specific navigational situation from the report of Bahamas Maritime Authority was used for the generation of signals transmitted to NDSS as a sequence of NMEA strings.

Position determination of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) depends on the stability and accuracy of the measured time. However, since satellite vehicles (SVs) travel at velocities significantly larger than the receivers and, more importantly, the electromagnetic impulses propagate through changing gravitational potentials, enormous errors stemming from relativity-based clock offsets would cause a position error of about 11 km to be accumulated after one day. Based on the premise of the constancy of light, two major relativistic effects are described: time dilation and gravitational-frequency shift. Following the individual interests of the author, formulas of both are scrupulously derived from generaland special-relativity theory principles; moreover, in the penultimate section, the equations are used to calculate the author’s own numerical values of the studied parameters for various GNSSs and one Land Navigation Satellite System (LNSS).

This paper deals with fuel consumption estimations relating to container ships on the basis of ship service and wave parameters. Data, on which to base estimations, was measured and recorded from a container ship during 96 months at sea. Approximating functions were calculated by the use of curve fitting techniques and regression methods, utilizing newly developed software named ndCurveMaster. The approximation function presented in this paper could have practical application for the estimation of container ship fuel consumption, while considering weather routing. In addition the study clearly shows the relationship between the fuel consumption of a container ship and the number of months since its last docking. These results may form the basis for further research in this direction.

This article presents regression equations to estimate daily ship CO2 emissions based on main ship parameters, such as deadweight capacity, length between perpendicular, velocity and main engine total power. These formulas could have application for the maritime transport analysis of CO2 emission during ocean travel. Regression equations were performed on the basis of ship data from IHS Maritime & Trade main bulk carriers, containerships, LPG, LNG, Tankers, as well as Ro-Ro ferries built from 2005-2015. The equations were regressed by the use of the program called ndCurveMaster, developed by the author. This software implements a data fitting method and utilises heuristics techniques to discover new equations. All equations presented in this paper offer an increase in the development of maritime transport theory.

This article presents regression equations to estimate container ship design characteristics based on the most up-to-date data and deadweight capacity, the number of containers and their combination at the preliminary design stage. These design formulas could have application for the estimation of key container ship characteristics such as: main ship dimensions, geometric parameters, main engine total power, ship velocity, final price and others. Regression equations were performed on the basis of IHS Maritime & Trade main container ship data built from 2005-2015. All equations presented in this paper could have practical application at the preliminary design stage and increase ship design theory development.

Modelling of green water ingress into holds of an open-top containership in its preliminary design phase In this paper a method is presented of modelling the green water ingress into holds of open-top containership, which can be useful in the preliminary ship design phase. As a result of the research a mathematical formula which makes it possible to determine a minimum freeboard height with a view of as- low- as- possible occurrence rate of green water ingress into holds at given ship design parameters, was obtained. The research was carried out under assumption of constant ship hull dimensions. The design formula was elaborated by using a method based on a goal-oriented conceptual approach to formulation of design criteria, proposed by IMO. On the basis of the concept a deterministic scenario describing operational conditions of the ship in question, was assumed, and for the conditions the research was performed.

The naval architect has to tackle many of the problems, while designing ships for the loading, storage and transport of polymetallic or other nodules, this article focuses on how to assure appropriate hull strength. This author proposes mathematical relationships and operational and design solutions allowing to more effectively reduce shear forces and bending moments during the loading of nodules in the open sea. The suggested solutions may be used in the design of ships intended for such or other functions.

In the paper, were presented approximations of numerical calculations of ship’s roll on the basis of main service parameters of the ship. This way were obtained several relationships which make it possible to approximate ship roll in regular and irregular waves by using the parameters available in the phase of voyage routing. The relationships were elaborated by means of artificial neural networks as well as linear and non-linear regression methods. A comparative analysis of the methods regarding approximation accuracy against standard data was also performed.

This paper presents a method which makes it possible to determine optimum hull form of passenger car ferry with regard to selected sea-keeping qualities and additional resistance in waves. In the first phase of investigations a hull form characterized by the highest qualities was selected from the list of similar ships. Next, its optimum dimension ratios were determined. Design criteria were formulated by using a method based on deterministic scenarios, but objective functions of partial targets were determined in the form of artificial neural networks. To select the best design variants elements of fuzzy logic were used, that made it possible a.o. to show merits of the design by means of linguistic variables. Such approach made it possible to find the best hull form and its dimensions from the point of view of all considered criteria simultaneously.