The size of national delegations at the most critical intergovernmental climate change conference... more The size of national delegations at the most critical intergovernmental climate change conferences—the annual gatherings of the Conference of the Parties (COPs) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change—vary greatly. The literature has emphasized the importance of national delegation size (NDS) for states’ formal and informal participation in climate change negotiations. To our knowledge, however, this is the first paper to comprehensively examine the determinants of NDS from 1995–2015. The findings highlight a country's resources and its interest in the mitigation of fossil fuel emissions as important determinants of its NDS. In contrast, the evidence for a connection between vulnerability to climate change and NDS is limited. Interest group politics appear more important than civil society or bureaucratic influence in determining NDS. In terms of policy implications, the distance between the country and the COP location is a robust deterrent of larger delega...
Through detailed archival analysis, this paper examines states' voting rights and representat... more Through detailed archival analysis, this paper examines states' voting rights and representation in the International Trade Organization (ITO), which remains an under-analyzed aspect of the post-war multilateral trading system. The paper shows that the US designers of the ITO preferred and pursued formal voting equality because they reasoned it served the institution's intended functions and purposes better than weighted voting. But, as the negotiations undermined US priorities, particularly on balance of payment (BOP) questions, the designers presented a proposal for mirroring the IMF's weighted voting at the ITO. They, however, returned to their original proposal of voting equality when the ultimate draft of the ITO reflected their key preferences without resorting to weighted voting. By closely tracing the drafters' thinking throughout the evolution of the negotiations, the paper contributes to understanding the design of multilateral institutions as well as US be...
Individual attitudes towards multinational enterprises (MNEs) remains relatively understudied com... more Individual attitudes towards multinational enterprises (MNEs) remains relatively understudied compared to individual attitudes towards other dimensions of globalization, particularly trade and immigration. In order to illuminate individual attitudes towards MNEs, this paper utilizes a large cross-country dataset (2003 International Social Survey Program) to examine individual perspectives on the impact of MNEs on local businesses. The paper draws on literature that
The Federal Reserve (the Fed) is responsible for monitoring, analyzing and ultimately stabilizing... more The Federal Reserve (the Fed) is responsible for monitoring, analyzing and ultimately stabilizing US financial markets. It also has unrivalled access to relevant economic data, high-level connections to financial institutions, and a large staff of professionally trained economists. What did the Fed know about subprime mortgage lending, securitization, and derivatives trading that are now widely recognized to have caused the 2008 financial crisis? Using a wide range of Fed documents from the precrisis period, particularly the transcripts of meetings of the policymaking Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), the paper shows that Fed policymakers and staff were aware of these developments, but largely ignored them. Drawing on literatures in economics, political science and sociology, the paper then considers four hypotheses for explaining this puzzle: (1) 'capture' by financial interests; (2) Alan Greenspan's free-market ideology; (3) reliance on unrealistic economic models; and (4) institutional inertia and organizational routines. The paper argues that ideology and economic models contributed to the Fed's lack of concern, but in more complex ways than often thought, and that institutional routines played a crucial role.
The size of national delegations at the most critical intergovernmental climate change conference... more The size of national delegations at the most critical intergovernmental climate change conferences—the annual gatherings of the Conference of the Parties (COPs) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change—vary greatly. The literature has emphasized the importance of national delegation size (NDS) for states’ formal and informal participation in climate change negotiations. To our knowledge, however, this is the first paper to comprehensively examine the determinants of NDS from 1995–2015. The findings highlight a country's resources and its interest in the mitigation of fossil fuel emissions as important determinants of its NDS. In contrast, the evidence for a connection between vulnerability to climate change and NDS is limited. Interest group politics appear more important than civil society or bureaucratic influence in determining NDS. In terms of policy implications, the distance between the country and the COP location is a robust deterrent of larger delega...
Through detailed archival analysis, this paper examines states' voting rights and representat... more Through detailed archival analysis, this paper examines states' voting rights and representation in the International Trade Organization (ITO), which remains an under-analyzed aspect of the post-war multilateral trading system. The paper shows that the US designers of the ITO preferred and pursued formal voting equality because they reasoned it served the institution's intended functions and purposes better than weighted voting. But, as the negotiations undermined US priorities, particularly on balance of payment (BOP) questions, the designers presented a proposal for mirroring the IMF's weighted voting at the ITO. They, however, returned to their original proposal of voting equality when the ultimate draft of the ITO reflected their key preferences without resorting to weighted voting. By closely tracing the drafters' thinking throughout the evolution of the negotiations, the paper contributes to understanding the design of multilateral institutions as well as US be...
Individual attitudes towards multinational enterprises (MNEs) remains relatively understudied com... more Individual attitudes towards multinational enterprises (MNEs) remains relatively understudied compared to individual attitudes towards other dimensions of globalization, particularly trade and immigration. In order to illuminate individual attitudes towards MNEs, this paper utilizes a large cross-country dataset (2003 International Social Survey Program) to examine individual perspectives on the impact of MNEs on local businesses. The paper draws on literature that
The Federal Reserve (the Fed) is responsible for monitoring, analyzing and ultimately stabilizing... more The Federal Reserve (the Fed) is responsible for monitoring, analyzing and ultimately stabilizing US financial markets. It also has unrivalled access to relevant economic data, high-level connections to financial institutions, and a large staff of professionally trained economists. What did the Fed know about subprime mortgage lending, securitization, and derivatives trading that are now widely recognized to have caused the 2008 financial crisis? Using a wide range of Fed documents from the precrisis period, particularly the transcripts of meetings of the policymaking Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), the paper shows that Fed policymakers and staff were aware of these developments, but largely ignored them. Drawing on literatures in economics, political science and sociology, the paper then considers four hypotheses for explaining this puzzle: (1) 'capture' by financial interests; (2) Alan Greenspan's free-market ideology; (3) reliance on unrealistic economic models; and (4) institutional inertia and organizational routines. The paper argues that ideology and economic models contributed to the Fed's lack of concern, but in more complex ways than often thought, and that institutional routines played a crucial role.
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Papers by Ayse Kaya