In civil society we expect that policy and management decisions will be made using the best avail... more In civil society we expect that policy and management decisions will be made using the best available evidence. Yet, it is widely known that there are many barriers that limit the extent to which that occurs. One way to overcome these barriers is via robust, comprehensive, transparent and repeatable evidence syntheses (such as systematic reviews) that attempt to minimize various forms of bias to present a summary of existing knowledge for decision-making purposes. Relative to other disciplines (e.g., health care, education), such evidence-based decision-making remains relatively nascent for environment management despite major threats to humanity, such as the climate, pollution and biodiversity crises demonstrating that human well-being is inextricably linked to the biophysical environment. Fortunately, there are a growing number of environmental evidence syntheses being produced that can be used by decision makers. It is therefore an opportune time to reflect on the science and practice of evidence-based decision-making in environment management to understand the extent to which evidence syntheses are embraced and applied in practice. Here we outline a number of key questions related to the use of environmental evidence that need to be explored in an effort to enhance evidence-based decision-making. There is an urgent need for research involving methods from social science, behavioural sciences, and public policy to understand the basis for patterns and trends in environmental evidence use (or misuse or ignorance). There is also a need for those who commission and produce evidence syntheses, as well as the end users of these syntheses to reflect on their experiences and share them with the broader evidence-based practice community to identify needs and opportunities for advancing the entire process of evidence-based practice. It is our hope that the ideas shared here will serve as a roadmap for additional scholarship that will collectively enhance evidence-based decision-making and ultimately benefit the environment and humanity.
This paper presents the results of our seventh annual horizon scan, in which we aimed to identify... more This paper presents the results of our seventh annual horizon scan, in which we aimed to identify issues that could have substantial effects on global biological diversity in the future, but are not currently widely well known or understood within the conservation community. Fifteen issues were identified by a team that included researchers, practitioners, professional horizon scanners, and journalists. The topics include use of managed bees as transporters of biological control agents, artificial superintelligence, electric pulse trawling, testosterone in the aquatic environment, building artificial oceanic islands, and the incorporation of ecological civilization principles into government policies in China.
The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku presents, for the first time within one cover, extensive ... more The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku presents, for the first time within one cover, extensive baseline data on the region's natural history, peoples, ecosystems, biodiversity, and land-use. It discusses these in historical context, as well as in the context of the socio-economic development of the region. Highly illustrated, and accessible to any reader with an interest in the region, it also provides guidelines to scientific researchers on worthwhile ecological and socio-economic research projects. It will be invaluable to all individuals involved in development planning and environmental management within the region.
Producing the first issue of a new scientific journal is an exciting and stressful time for any e... more Producing the first issue of a new scientific journal is an exciting and stressful time for any editorial board. Producing the second issue is more quietly satisfying with different concerns. Everyone was supportive and interested in the launch, but will they now follow up with challenging papers and relevant information to share, and will colleagues use and share this journal? A significant step forwards in the production of The Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies (InJAST), is that the Online Journal System is now liveThis has meant that, whereas all work for the first issue was undertaken through email communication, for this second issue, all manuscript submissions and their peer-review processes have been managed successfully online. A major and much appreciated demonstration of support for InJAST is the MoU that has now been signed between the Graduate School of Environment Management in Pakuan University and PERWAKU (Perhimpunan Cendikiawan Lingkungan Indonesia...
Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies
It is our great pleasure to announce that the very first issue of the Indonesian Journal of Appli... more It is our great pleasure to announce that the very first issue of the Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies (InJAST) is now be available in both print and online. This journal has evolved from the Journal of Environmental Education which started in 2015, and was managed by the Study Programme of Population and Environmental Education, Graduate Programme of Pakuan University. Because this study programme has now become the Study Programme of Environmental Management, we have decided to establish this new journal to publish scientific articles covering broader environmental issues that are written by the Indonesian students of graduate programmes either in Pakuan and other universities or researchers. Meanwhile, the publication and management of the Journal of Environmental Education will be transferred to another relevant faculty or study programme within Pakuan University.We intend the new InJAST to be published in English (with abstracts both in Engli...
Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies
As an ecologist, I believe we are now seeing the maturing of what we could call the Age of Ecolog... more As an ecologist, I believe we are now seeing the maturing of what we could call the Age of Ecology. An Age in which we finally develop that coherent and essential mainstream narrative for our future; one in which we tackle the interdependencies of nature loss, the climate emergency, and unsustainable production and consumption.The challenge has always been to recognise that the world is our bank account, and we live sustainably only by using its interest, not digging into our capital. If we do withdraw more capital, we must then find ways of investing more, to increase our capital. You can hear this language finally gaining much more traction today as politicians, managers and the public use the phrases natural and social capital, as well as the financial and manufactured capital, and recognise our dependencies on the natural environment.As such, I fully support the holistic, interdisciplinary sentiments and recommendations of Purwanto et al. (2020) in their introduction to the firs...
Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies
With this issue, the Indonesia Journal of Applied Environmental Studies (InJAST) enters its secon... more With this issue, the Indonesia Journal of Applied Environmental Studies (InJAST) enters its second year, having been first published in April 2020 just as the Covid-19 pandemic was spreading globally. In the first two issues, InJAST published 13 articles, which were the results of research and ideas from academia, researchers from the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) and members of conservation NGOs. Within its first year, the InJAST website has been visited by around 1,500 visitors from 50+ countries. Although the majority were from Indonesia, 30% were from across Europe, Asia, the Americas, and Africa, and included the USA, UK, Australia, and India.One of InJAST's missions is to provide a vehicle for academia (students and lecturers), members of environmental NGOs, and young researchers, particularly from Indonesia, who are just starting to publish their ideas, literature reviews and research findings or articles in scientific journals. InJAST was also developed to acc...
We present the results of our tenth annual horizon scan. We identified 15 emerging priority topic... more We present the results of our tenth annual horizon scan. We identified 15 emerging priority topics that may have major positive or negative effects on the future conservation of global biodiversity, but currently have low awareness within the conservation community. We hope to increase research and policy attention on these areas, improving the capacity of the community to mitigate impacts of potentially negative issues, and maximise the benefits of issues that provide opportunities. Topics include advances in crop breeding, which may affect insects and land use; manipulations of natural water flows and weather systems on the Tibetan Plateau; release of carbon and mercury from melting polar ice and thawing permafrost; new funding schemes and regulations; and land-use changes across Indo-Malaysia. Aims of Horizon Scanning We present the 15 topics identified in our tenth annual horizon scan of emerging issues that are likely to be relevant to global conservation. These are issues that could have significant impacts on society's ability to conserve regional or global biodiversity, but for which the conservation community currently has generally low awareness. These topics were identified by a group of 28 participants, including experts in futures research and horizon scanning, advisors to policy makers, researchers, and practitioners of conservation and other aspects of environmental science. The areas highlighted are highly varied, ranging from major infrastructure projects and new technological developments, to new funding schemes and regulations that are likely to transform food production and land use. We aim to draw the attention of the global conservation community to the potential opportunities and risks associated with these issues. We hope that by raising awareness, we will encourage research, discussion, and allocation of funds, in addition to management and policy change, resulting in improved understanding and greater preparedness. This could facilitate the global conservation community and wider society to respond effectively to the development of these issues. Our work therefore may inform researchers, funding bodies, policy makers, regulatory bodies, conservation organisations, and practitioners. Our approach is supported by the maturing of many issues from previous scans. For example, overexploitation of sand resources was highlighted by Sutherland et al. [1], and subsequent evidence has demonstrated that sand extraction has negative effects on seagrass meadows, nesting terrapins, and migratory waterbirds [2]. In another example, WWF, in partnership with Highlights We present the 15 topics identified in our tenth annual horizon scan for global conservation. Scoring was carried out by a diverse group of experts using a Delphi-like process. Scores were based on the topics' novelty, likelihood, and potential for major impacts on biodiversity. Emerging themes include conservation impacts of biotechnological advances in agriculture. Other issues included climate change-induced release of carbon and mercury from polar ice.
We present the results of our eighth annual horizon scan of emerging issues likely to affect glob... more We present the results of our eighth annual horizon scan of emerging issues likely to affect global biological diversity, the environment, and conservation efforts in the future. The potential effects of these novel issues might not yet be fully recognized or understood by the global conservation community, and the issues can be regarded as both opportunities and risks. A diverse international team with collective expertise in horizon scanning, science communication, and conservation research, practice, and policy reviewed 100 potential issues and identified 15 that qualified as emerging, with potential substantial global effects. These issues include new developments in energy storage and fuel production, sand extraction, potential solutions to combat coral bleaching and invasive marine species, and blockchain technology.
The diets of true grasshoppers (family Acrididae) have attracted much attention in the past becau... more The diets of true grasshoppers (family Acrididae) have attracted much attention in the past because many species are agricultural pests. They usually occur on grasslands that are botanically well known, and hence their diet determination is relatively easy. Few studies, however, have focussed on the diets of grasshoppers in other habitats such as rain forests. In the Ulu Endau area in Johore, southeast Malaysia, ten acridid species were collected in and along the edges of the forest. Diet was determined by faecal analysis and categorised into gross plant types. Grasshopper species found in forest clearings and in more open habitats surrounded by forest, e.g., forest swamps, feed mainly on monocotyledons. Forest-associated species living either along the edges of or within the forests select both monocotyledons and dicotyledons. These grasshoppers have more variable diets than have been previously described and include unusual food items such as fungi. They may also be carnivorous. T...
Nineteen acridid species were collected from the Dumoga Bone National Park and its environs in No... more Nineteen acridid species were collected from the Dumoga Bone National Park and its environs in North Sulawesia, Indonesia, during 1985; two were new to science and one was known previously only from the Philippines. The total acridoid fauna of Sulawesi, including these three species, comprises 61 species of Acrididae (53 Catantopinae, four Oedipodinae, three Acridinae, one Gomphocerinae) and one species of Pyrgomorphidae. This fauna has four main characteristics: (a) a high level of specific and generic-level endemism, (b) low generic-level diversity but a high number of species per genus, (c) diverse distributions outside Sulawesi, and (d) localised distributions within the island. In the Catantopinae, 83% of the species are endemic to Sulawesi, reflecting the importance of the island as an area of endemism. Species distributions within Sulawesi suggest that each region of the island (North, Central, South and South-east) may also be an area of endemism in its own right. These obse...
....We consider the distribution of species occurring in Sulawesi both within and outside the isl... more ....We consider the distribution of species occurring in Sulawesi both within and outside the island, and also the distributions of related species and genera. While the numbers of taxa involved are small and so the scope for discriminating biogeographic hypotheses is limited, we hope that this analysis will add to the growing body of information on the biological history of Sulawesi. There is little doubt now that Sulawesi was formed from the collision of two component islands or island groups but the positions of these components, the extent of dry land, and their connections with other land masses remain controversial particularly the proximity of the western part of Sulawesi to Borneo.
We investigate colour pattern and morphological variation in Chitaura grasshoppers on the Indones... more We investigate colour pattern and morphological variation in Chitaura grasshoppers on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, and examine the relationship between divergence in these two sets of characters and population history, as reflected by variation in mitochondrial DNA. Analysis of colour pattern variation identifies a total of 21 distinct Operational Taxonomic Units in Sulawesi, the majority of which have parapatric distributions. Patterns of phenotypic variation at two contact zones in north Sulawesi suggest genetic independence between three of these colour forms, indicating that speciation has occurred. Despite this, colour pattern divergence is only coincident with morphological differentiation at one of these contact zones. In addition, neither type of phenotypic divergence is associated with geographical structuring in mitochondrial DNA, suggesting that historical isolation has had little influence on evolutionary diversification. Instead, divergence in colour pattern and m...
Intro. to article: Tanah air kita - our land and water - is perhaps one of the most succinct summ... more Intro. to article: Tanah air kita - our land and water - is perhaps one of the most succinct summaries of what Indonesians feel about their country, Countless writers have searched for new superlatives to describe the world's largest archipelago , and perhaps one of its most remarkable and diverse countries. An almost bewildering array of 13-17,000 islands - depending on your definition of an island - stretches across three time zones, a length similar to that from the west coast of Ireland to Moscow. Its myriad islands range from small atolls barely appearing above the high tide level to active volcanoes nearly 4,000m asl, whilst the seas include shallow continental shelves and some of the deepest sea basins in the world.
When an area virtually the size of Belgium is the focus of an integrated conservation and develop... more When an area virtually the size of Belgium is the focus of an integrated conservation and development programme, it will inevitably result in a vast amount of data being accumulated. The challenge to integrate hard scientific data with social, judgmental, and economic data is a major reason for developing a GIS as a management tool in such a situation. The Leuser Ecosystem covers approximately two million hectares of tropical rain forest, encompassing 890,000 ha proposed national park, as well as extensive areas of protection and production forest in northern Sumatra. Vegetation types include coastal beaches, swamps, lowland, and mountain forest. More than two million people live in the area immediately surrounding the Leuser Ecosystem. The Indonesian government has embraced a novel mode of conservation management for this area by giving a conservation concession to a non-governmental organisation, the Leuser International Foundation (LIF). This concession, given for a period of 30 ...
A high overall diversity, 70 species, was observed in an extensive survey. In an intensive study ... more A high overall diversity, 70 species, was observed in an extensive survey. In an intensive study of a 1 km transect grasshopper diversity was strongly partitioned between habitat types (beta-diversity 17.5% of maximum possible) despite their close proximity. Densities reached 0.66 m •>, probably enough to have a significant impact on availability of grazing for stock animals.
In civil society we expect that policy and management decisions will be made using the best avail... more In civil society we expect that policy and management decisions will be made using the best available evidence. Yet, it is widely known that there are many barriers that limit the extent to which that occurs. One way to overcome these barriers is via robust, comprehensive, transparent and repeatable evidence syntheses (such as systematic reviews) that attempt to minimize various forms of bias to present a summary of existing knowledge for decision-making purposes. Relative to other disciplines (e.g., health care, education), such evidence-based decision-making remains relatively nascent for environment management despite major threats to humanity, such as the climate, pollution and biodiversity crises demonstrating that human well-being is inextricably linked to the biophysical environment. Fortunately, there are a growing number of environmental evidence syntheses being produced that can be used by decision makers. It is therefore an opportune time to reflect on the science and practice of evidence-based decision-making in environment management to understand the extent to which evidence syntheses are embraced and applied in practice. Here we outline a number of key questions related to the use of environmental evidence that need to be explored in an effort to enhance evidence-based decision-making. There is an urgent need for research involving methods from social science, behavioural sciences, and public policy to understand the basis for patterns and trends in environmental evidence use (or misuse or ignorance). There is also a need for those who commission and produce evidence syntheses, as well as the end users of these syntheses to reflect on their experiences and share them with the broader evidence-based practice community to identify needs and opportunities for advancing the entire process of evidence-based practice. It is our hope that the ideas shared here will serve as a roadmap for additional scholarship that will collectively enhance evidence-based decision-making and ultimately benefit the environment and humanity.
This paper presents the results of our seventh annual horizon scan, in which we aimed to identify... more This paper presents the results of our seventh annual horizon scan, in which we aimed to identify issues that could have substantial effects on global biological diversity in the future, but are not currently widely well known or understood within the conservation community. Fifteen issues were identified by a team that included researchers, practitioners, professional horizon scanners, and journalists. The topics include use of managed bees as transporters of biological control agents, artificial superintelligence, electric pulse trawling, testosterone in the aquatic environment, building artificial oceanic islands, and the incorporation of ecological civilization principles into government policies in China.
The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku presents, for the first time within one cover, extensive ... more The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku presents, for the first time within one cover, extensive baseline data on the region's natural history, peoples, ecosystems, biodiversity, and land-use. It discusses these in historical context, as well as in the context of the socio-economic development of the region. Highly illustrated, and accessible to any reader with an interest in the region, it also provides guidelines to scientific researchers on worthwhile ecological and socio-economic research projects. It will be invaluable to all individuals involved in development planning and environmental management within the region.
Producing the first issue of a new scientific journal is an exciting and stressful time for any e... more Producing the first issue of a new scientific journal is an exciting and stressful time for any editorial board. Producing the second issue is more quietly satisfying with different concerns. Everyone was supportive and interested in the launch, but will they now follow up with challenging papers and relevant information to share, and will colleagues use and share this journal? A significant step forwards in the production of The Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies (InJAST), is that the Online Journal System is now liveThis has meant that, whereas all work for the first issue was undertaken through email communication, for this second issue, all manuscript submissions and their peer-review processes have been managed successfully online. A major and much appreciated demonstration of support for InJAST is the MoU that has now been signed between the Graduate School of Environment Management in Pakuan University and PERWAKU (Perhimpunan Cendikiawan Lingkungan Indonesia...
Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies
It is our great pleasure to announce that the very first issue of the Indonesian Journal of Appli... more It is our great pleasure to announce that the very first issue of the Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies (InJAST) is now be available in both print and online. This journal has evolved from the Journal of Environmental Education which started in 2015, and was managed by the Study Programme of Population and Environmental Education, Graduate Programme of Pakuan University. Because this study programme has now become the Study Programme of Environmental Management, we have decided to establish this new journal to publish scientific articles covering broader environmental issues that are written by the Indonesian students of graduate programmes either in Pakuan and other universities or researchers. Meanwhile, the publication and management of the Journal of Environmental Education will be transferred to another relevant faculty or study programme within Pakuan University.We intend the new InJAST to be published in English (with abstracts both in Engli...
Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies
As an ecologist, I believe we are now seeing the maturing of what we could call the Age of Ecolog... more As an ecologist, I believe we are now seeing the maturing of what we could call the Age of Ecology. An Age in which we finally develop that coherent and essential mainstream narrative for our future; one in which we tackle the interdependencies of nature loss, the climate emergency, and unsustainable production and consumption.The challenge has always been to recognise that the world is our bank account, and we live sustainably only by using its interest, not digging into our capital. If we do withdraw more capital, we must then find ways of investing more, to increase our capital. You can hear this language finally gaining much more traction today as politicians, managers and the public use the phrases natural and social capital, as well as the financial and manufactured capital, and recognise our dependencies on the natural environment.As such, I fully support the holistic, interdisciplinary sentiments and recommendations of Purwanto et al. (2020) in their introduction to the firs...
Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies
With this issue, the Indonesia Journal of Applied Environmental Studies (InJAST) enters its secon... more With this issue, the Indonesia Journal of Applied Environmental Studies (InJAST) enters its second year, having been first published in April 2020 just as the Covid-19 pandemic was spreading globally. In the first two issues, InJAST published 13 articles, which were the results of research and ideas from academia, researchers from the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) and members of conservation NGOs. Within its first year, the InJAST website has been visited by around 1,500 visitors from 50+ countries. Although the majority were from Indonesia, 30% were from across Europe, Asia, the Americas, and Africa, and included the USA, UK, Australia, and India.One of InJAST's missions is to provide a vehicle for academia (students and lecturers), members of environmental NGOs, and young researchers, particularly from Indonesia, who are just starting to publish their ideas, literature reviews and research findings or articles in scientific journals. InJAST was also developed to acc...
We present the results of our tenth annual horizon scan. We identified 15 emerging priority topic... more We present the results of our tenth annual horizon scan. We identified 15 emerging priority topics that may have major positive or negative effects on the future conservation of global biodiversity, but currently have low awareness within the conservation community. We hope to increase research and policy attention on these areas, improving the capacity of the community to mitigate impacts of potentially negative issues, and maximise the benefits of issues that provide opportunities. Topics include advances in crop breeding, which may affect insects and land use; manipulations of natural water flows and weather systems on the Tibetan Plateau; release of carbon and mercury from melting polar ice and thawing permafrost; new funding schemes and regulations; and land-use changes across Indo-Malaysia. Aims of Horizon Scanning We present the 15 topics identified in our tenth annual horizon scan of emerging issues that are likely to be relevant to global conservation. These are issues that could have significant impacts on society's ability to conserve regional or global biodiversity, but for which the conservation community currently has generally low awareness. These topics were identified by a group of 28 participants, including experts in futures research and horizon scanning, advisors to policy makers, researchers, and practitioners of conservation and other aspects of environmental science. The areas highlighted are highly varied, ranging from major infrastructure projects and new technological developments, to new funding schemes and regulations that are likely to transform food production and land use. We aim to draw the attention of the global conservation community to the potential opportunities and risks associated with these issues. We hope that by raising awareness, we will encourage research, discussion, and allocation of funds, in addition to management and policy change, resulting in improved understanding and greater preparedness. This could facilitate the global conservation community and wider society to respond effectively to the development of these issues. Our work therefore may inform researchers, funding bodies, policy makers, regulatory bodies, conservation organisations, and practitioners. Our approach is supported by the maturing of many issues from previous scans. For example, overexploitation of sand resources was highlighted by Sutherland et al. [1], and subsequent evidence has demonstrated that sand extraction has negative effects on seagrass meadows, nesting terrapins, and migratory waterbirds [2]. In another example, WWF, in partnership with Highlights We present the 15 topics identified in our tenth annual horizon scan for global conservation. Scoring was carried out by a diverse group of experts using a Delphi-like process. Scores were based on the topics' novelty, likelihood, and potential for major impacts on biodiversity. Emerging themes include conservation impacts of biotechnological advances in agriculture. Other issues included climate change-induced release of carbon and mercury from polar ice.
We present the results of our eighth annual horizon scan of emerging issues likely to affect glob... more We present the results of our eighth annual horizon scan of emerging issues likely to affect global biological diversity, the environment, and conservation efforts in the future. The potential effects of these novel issues might not yet be fully recognized or understood by the global conservation community, and the issues can be regarded as both opportunities and risks. A diverse international team with collective expertise in horizon scanning, science communication, and conservation research, practice, and policy reviewed 100 potential issues and identified 15 that qualified as emerging, with potential substantial global effects. These issues include new developments in energy storage and fuel production, sand extraction, potential solutions to combat coral bleaching and invasive marine species, and blockchain technology.
The diets of true grasshoppers (family Acrididae) have attracted much attention in the past becau... more The diets of true grasshoppers (family Acrididae) have attracted much attention in the past because many species are agricultural pests. They usually occur on grasslands that are botanically well known, and hence their diet determination is relatively easy. Few studies, however, have focussed on the diets of grasshoppers in other habitats such as rain forests. In the Ulu Endau area in Johore, southeast Malaysia, ten acridid species were collected in and along the edges of the forest. Diet was determined by faecal analysis and categorised into gross plant types. Grasshopper species found in forest clearings and in more open habitats surrounded by forest, e.g., forest swamps, feed mainly on monocotyledons. Forest-associated species living either along the edges of or within the forests select both monocotyledons and dicotyledons. These grasshoppers have more variable diets than have been previously described and include unusual food items such as fungi. They may also be carnivorous. T...
Nineteen acridid species were collected from the Dumoga Bone National Park and its environs in No... more Nineteen acridid species were collected from the Dumoga Bone National Park and its environs in North Sulawesia, Indonesia, during 1985; two were new to science and one was known previously only from the Philippines. The total acridoid fauna of Sulawesi, including these three species, comprises 61 species of Acrididae (53 Catantopinae, four Oedipodinae, three Acridinae, one Gomphocerinae) and one species of Pyrgomorphidae. This fauna has four main characteristics: (a) a high level of specific and generic-level endemism, (b) low generic-level diversity but a high number of species per genus, (c) diverse distributions outside Sulawesi, and (d) localised distributions within the island. In the Catantopinae, 83% of the species are endemic to Sulawesi, reflecting the importance of the island as an area of endemism. Species distributions within Sulawesi suggest that each region of the island (North, Central, South and South-east) may also be an area of endemism in its own right. These obse...
....We consider the distribution of species occurring in Sulawesi both within and outside the isl... more ....We consider the distribution of species occurring in Sulawesi both within and outside the island, and also the distributions of related species and genera. While the numbers of taxa involved are small and so the scope for discriminating biogeographic hypotheses is limited, we hope that this analysis will add to the growing body of information on the biological history of Sulawesi. There is little doubt now that Sulawesi was formed from the collision of two component islands or island groups but the positions of these components, the extent of dry land, and their connections with other land masses remain controversial particularly the proximity of the western part of Sulawesi to Borneo.
We investigate colour pattern and morphological variation in Chitaura grasshoppers on the Indones... more We investigate colour pattern and morphological variation in Chitaura grasshoppers on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, and examine the relationship between divergence in these two sets of characters and population history, as reflected by variation in mitochondrial DNA. Analysis of colour pattern variation identifies a total of 21 distinct Operational Taxonomic Units in Sulawesi, the majority of which have parapatric distributions. Patterns of phenotypic variation at two contact zones in north Sulawesi suggest genetic independence between three of these colour forms, indicating that speciation has occurred. Despite this, colour pattern divergence is only coincident with morphological differentiation at one of these contact zones. In addition, neither type of phenotypic divergence is associated with geographical structuring in mitochondrial DNA, suggesting that historical isolation has had little influence on evolutionary diversification. Instead, divergence in colour pattern and m...
Intro. to article: Tanah air kita - our land and water - is perhaps one of the most succinct summ... more Intro. to article: Tanah air kita - our land and water - is perhaps one of the most succinct summaries of what Indonesians feel about their country, Countless writers have searched for new superlatives to describe the world's largest archipelago , and perhaps one of its most remarkable and diverse countries. An almost bewildering array of 13-17,000 islands - depending on your definition of an island - stretches across three time zones, a length similar to that from the west coast of Ireland to Moscow. Its myriad islands range from small atolls barely appearing above the high tide level to active volcanoes nearly 4,000m asl, whilst the seas include shallow continental shelves and some of the deepest sea basins in the world.
When an area virtually the size of Belgium is the focus of an integrated conservation and develop... more When an area virtually the size of Belgium is the focus of an integrated conservation and development programme, it will inevitably result in a vast amount of data being accumulated. The challenge to integrate hard scientific data with social, judgmental, and economic data is a major reason for developing a GIS as a management tool in such a situation. The Leuser Ecosystem covers approximately two million hectares of tropical rain forest, encompassing 890,000 ha proposed national park, as well as extensive areas of protection and production forest in northern Sumatra. Vegetation types include coastal beaches, swamps, lowland, and mountain forest. More than two million people live in the area immediately surrounding the Leuser Ecosystem. The Indonesian government has embraced a novel mode of conservation management for this area by giving a conservation concession to a non-governmental organisation, the Leuser International Foundation (LIF). This concession, given for a period of 30 ...
A high overall diversity, 70 species, was observed in an extensive survey. In an intensive study ... more A high overall diversity, 70 species, was observed in an extensive survey. In an intensive study of a 1 km transect grasshopper diversity was strongly partitioned between habitat types (beta-diversity 17.5% of maximum possible) despite their close proximity. Densities reached 0.66 m •>, probably enough to have a significant impact on availability of grazing for stock animals.
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Papers by Kathryn Monk