Publications by Yasser Karar
Re-examination of the phylogenetic relationships within the Gyliauchenidae Fukui, 1929 , 2019
Flagellotrema convolutum Ozaki, 1936 was found parasitising the intestine of two new host fish sp... more Flagellotrema convolutum Ozaki, 1936 was found parasitising the intestine of two new host fish species, the Indian sail-fin surgeonfish, Zebrasoma desjardinii (Bennett) (Acanthuridae), and the Picasso triggerfish, Rhinecanthus assasi (Forsska˚l) (Balistidae), from the northern Red Sea off Egypt. Another description of this species is provided with detailed morphological observations made of the genital systems. Using newly acquired molecular data from the D1–D3 regions of 28S rDNA, the phylogenetic relationships of subfamilies and genera within the Gyliauchenidae Fukui, 1929 are elucidated with morphological support. The Petalocotylinae Ozaki, 1934 and the Robphildollfusiinae Paggi & Orecchia, 1963 are recognized as valid subfamilies within the Gyliauchenidae. The Apharyngogyliaucheninae Yamaguti, 1942 and the Ichthyotreminae Caballero & Bravo-Hollis, 1952 remain junior synonyms of the Gyliaucheninae Fukui, 1929. Based on its unique position relative to all gyliauchenid subfamilies and its distinct separation from all other gyliauchenine genera, the Paragyliaucheninae n. subfam. is erected to
contain Paragyliauchen Yamaguti, 1934. Paragyliauchen differs from all other gyliauchenine genera by having a pharynx differentiated into two well-developed muscular regions: an anterior region composed of a ring with indented projections anteriorly and a posterior region that is ellipsoidal or barrel-shaped. Modified and/or new keys to the four subfamilies we recognize within the Gyliauchenidae as well as the genera within each subfamily are presented, and we discuss the evolutionary development and etymology of the unique anatomy of the anterior of gyliauchenids.
SVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2019
As part of an ongoing study of the helminth parasites collected from the Red Sea fishes, Apharyng... more As part of an ongoing study of the helminth parasites collected from the Red Sea fishes, Apharyngogyliauchen callyodontis Yamaguti, 1942 is reported for the first time parasitizing the middle and lower parts of the intestinal tract of Scarus psittacus (Common parrotfish) (Forsskål), collected from the northern Red Sea of Egypt. The encountered helminth was re-described morphologically and morphometrically based on the light microscope study. The current study demonstrated that some taxonomically important, previously unreported morphological and morphometric features, including the variation in; intestinal ceca length, and their posterior extension, testes position relative to ventral sucker, cirrus-sac shape, pars prostatica shape and its extension inside cirrus, genital pore positions from median to nearly submedian, vitelline follicles distribution and its posterior extension, seminal receptacle shape, ovary shape and posterior extension of the uterus. The diagnostic morphological features were elucidated and discussed to provide correct identification of Apharyngogyliauchen species with very careful consideration to avoid overlapping with the closely related species.
The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 2019
The purpose of this application, under Articles 78.1 and 81.1 of the Code, is to suspend the appl... more The purpose of this application, under Articles 78.1 and 81.1 of the Code, is to suspend the application of Art. 35.5 so as to re-establish the precedence of Megaperidae Manter, 1934 over Apocreadiinae Skrjabin, 1942 for certain digenean trematodes of fsh. Both names have been used as valid in recent literature, with some authors treating the former as a subfamily (Megaperinae Manter, 1934) of the latter, which is now treated also as a family (Apocreadiidae Skrjabin, 1942). While Apocreadiidae may possibly be regarded as enjoying prevailing usage, Megaperidae is the older name, and its supposed lack of precedence under Art. 35.5 is an aberrancy resulting from historical contingencies.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2018
As part of an ongoing study of the helminthes parasitizing fish from the Red Sea; Hurghada, Egypt... more As part of an ongoing study of the helminthes parasitizing fish from the Red Sea; Hurghada, Egypt, Procamallanus (Procamallanus) elatensis Fusco & Overstreet, 1979 was collected from three different Siganus fish species (S. rivulatus, S. luridus & S. sutor). It was morphologically elucidated and examined by light and scanning electron microscopy which indicated evident previous erroneous descriptions of both the anterior position of the excretory pore at nerve ring level and absence of deirids, to be excretory pore somewhat posterior to junction of the oesophageal parts and presence of a posterior pair of deirids, located posterior to mid-body level by small distance.Furthermore, the present detailed comparisons against the most similar Procamallanus species, casted doubt about the validity of P. sigani Yamaguti, 1935 and P. lonis Yamaguti, 1941 which could be considered as two different biological variations of Procamallanus (P.) elatensis.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2018
Hysterothylacium sebae Bruce, 1990 (Nematodea: Raphidascadae) was collected from the small intest... more Hysterothylacium sebae Bruce, 1990 (Nematodea: Raphidascadae) was collected from the small intestine of the marine fish Scarus psicattatus caught from Northern Red Sea, of Sharm El-Naga, Makady Bay, Sothern Hurgada, Red Sea Governorate. Out of eight examined fish, three (37.5%) were found naturally infected with H. sebae Bruce, 1990. The parasites (one adult male & eight females) were examined morphologically and morphometrically by light microscopy. According to the previouse literature, the present nematode parasite was never redescribed or reported from the marine fish Scarus psicattus. Therefore, Scarus psittacus is reported as a new host record for Hys-terothylacium sebae Bruce, 1990 and re-described in details for the first time from Egypt.
Applied Microbiology: Open Access, 2018
Three different common species of Rabbitfishes in the Red Sea region were found to be naturally i... more Three different common species of Rabbitfishes in the Red Sea region were found to be naturally infected by Hexangium sigani Goto and Ozaki, 1929. The encountered parasites were described morphologically and morphometrically by means of light and scanning electron microscopy. Present specimens presented and exhibited a wide range of variability inside the same host and at same locality and accordingly all previous synonyms of Hexangium sigani were presented, shown here and discussed with the previously described forms. These variations included testes position relative to each other and relative to ovary, body spination and uterus extension but these differences were considered to be of minor importance. The SEM disclosed well differentiated three forms of sensory papillae; oral papillae, genital papillae and body papillae which may reflect a variation in the functions they performed. Furthermore, the true nature of male genital system in all Hexangium spp. were reviewed and elucidated the absence of cirrus sac in all known species and probably some fibrous tissues may be around the seminal vesicle. Also, Key to species of Hexangium Goto and Ozaki, 1929 was added. Molecular data characterized Hexangium sigani within Microscaphidiidae and referred to an interrelationship between Microscaphidiidae & Mesometridae which in need to more future analyses to give a deeper understanding. It is worth mentioning that SEM study of this parasite was done for the first time from Egypt with an addition of many ultrastructural details; most of which are of taxonomical importance. For the first time, Siganus luridus represented a new host record of H. sigani.
Zootaxa, 2017
Modified and/or new keys to the four subfamilies now recognized within the Megaperidae Manter, 19... more Modified and/or new keys to the four subfamilies now recognized within the Megaperidae Manter, 1934 n. comb. (Syn. Apocreadiidae Skrjabin, 1942) as well as the genera within each subfamily are presented. Two new genera, Paraschistorchis n. gen. and Plesioschistorchis n. gen., both within the Schistorchiinae Yamaguti, 1942, are erected and keys are provided to the species considered in both new genera—distinguished by possessing caeca that end either in separate ani or blindly. Plesioschistorchis callyodontis (Yamaguti, 1942) n. comb. and Plesioschistorchis haridis (Nagaty, 1957) n. comb. are re-described from new material collected from the common parrotfish, Scarus psittacus Forsskål (Perciformes: Scaridae), inhabiting the Red Sea off Egypt; S. psittacus represents a new host record for both species. The taxonomic status of Schistorchis sensu stricto Lühe, 1906 is examined and revised, a key to the four species we consider in this genus offered, and the monotypic genus Megacreadium Nagaty, 1956 declared a junior synonym of Schistorchis. Members of Schistorchis sensu stricto possess a unique “complex” (i.e. highly cellular/glandular) instead of “simple” (i.e. entirely muscular) type of oral sucker that is quite large in relation to body size; an elongate, somewhat sub-rectangular-shaped body; 5+ testes arranged in at least two rows; caeca that open via separate ani; a long post-testicular region; a median genital pore either at the anterior margin of or just anterior to the ventral sucker; and species of Schistorchis sensu stricto parasitize the intestine of marine fish within the Order Tetraodontiformes Berg. With the revision of this genus, we re-describe Schistorchis carneus Lühe, 1906 from the lower and mid-intestine of the white-spotted puffer, Arothron hispidus (Linnaeus) (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae), collected in the Red Sea off Egypt. Finally, a plea is made for further study of the Megaperidae n. comb. focusing, in particular, on the following: (1) obtaining new type/voucher materials of Plesioschistorchis manteri (Gupta & Tandon, 1984) n. comb. and Schistorchis paruchini Kurochkin, 1974; (2) elucidating the life histories (i.e. intermediate hosts) of members of the Postporinae Yamaguti, 1958 and Schistorchiinae; and (3) generating DNA sequence data for more species of megaperids to help future workers produce increasingly accurate taxonomic classifications that better reflect phylogenetic relationships within this ecologically diverse group of digeneans.
Zootaxa, 2016
Bianium spongiosum Bray & Cribb, 1998 (Lepocreadiidae), described from the yellow boxfish, Ostrac... more Bianium spongiosum Bray & Cribb, 1998 (Lepocreadiidae), described from the yellow boxfish, Ostracion cubicus Linnaeus (Ostraciidae), off Lizard Island, Queensland, Australia, possesses a combination of the following three morphological features which distinguishes it from all the other species currently assigned to the genus: (1) large internal patches of large cells forming sponge-like pads we have termed "pelops"("pelop" sing.) laterally in the forebody extending from near the anterior extremity to about the level of the intestinal bifurcation rather than possessing a scoop; (2) ceca that reach to near the posterior extremity where they end blindly without ani; and (3) a vitellarium which is present laterally but not dorsal to the ceca. Based on this we propose the erection of Pelopscreadium n. gen. (Lepocreadiidae) with the assignment of B. spongiosum to this new genus as the type-species, Pelopscreadium spongiosum (Bray & Cribb, 1998) n. comb. Pelopscreadium aegyptense n. sp., also from the yellow boxfish but from the Red Sea off Sharm El-Naga, Egypt, is described as the second member of the new genus because it shares these three characteristics with P. spongiosum.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2015
During a survey of Red Sea fish parasites, two trematodes belonging to the genus Pseudolepidapedo... more During a survey of Red Sea fish parasites, two trematodes belonging to the genus Pseudolepidapedon Yamaguti, 1938 were encountered: P. balistis Manter, 1940 was found in the small intestine of the fish Balistoides viridescens and was redescribed for the first time from Egypt; adding many detailed morphological and ultrastructural characters. The second trematode was found in the small intestine of the fish Rhinecanthus assasi and found to represent a biological variant of the previous species as it differs from it in its generally smaller dimensions, shape of suckers and pharynx and the testes. SEM details of the first species were described for the first time illustrating the differences in the spination and papillae on different parts of the body; which may be of taxonomic importance in recognizing future different species of the genus.
Thesis Chapters by Yasser Karar
Zoology DEpartment, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, 2017
The present study aimed to survey some of the endoparasitic metazoan parasites infecting some of ... more The present study aimed to survey some of the endoparasitic metazoan parasites infecting some of Red Sea fishes from Northern Red Sea, Off Sharm El-Naga, Makadi Bay, Southern Hurghada, Egypt. A total of 414 fish specimens representing 26 different species of 18 families under 4 different orders were collected during the period from July (2011) to August (2012). During study, eighteen different species of digenean parasites were recovered, these were Apharyngogyliauchen callyodontis, Flagellotrema convolutum, Gyliauchen volubilis , Gyliauchen nahaensis, Diploproctodaeum tetrodontis, Hypocreadium balistis, Hypocreadium sp., Pelopscreadium aegyptense, Opisthogonoporoides hanumanthai, Gaevskajatrema perezi, Macvicaria longicirrata, Macvicaria sp., Pseudopycnadena tendu, Pseudolepidapedon balistis, Hapladena magna, Hapladena sohali, Hexangium sigani and Tetrochetus proctocolus; one species of cestode parasites, Rhinebothrium sp.; and five different species of nematode parasites which were Procamallanus (Procamallanus) elatensis, two different Cucullanus spp., Dichelyne (Neocucullanus) laticeps and Hysterothylacium seba. Also, the tolat prevalences of the investigated parasites were studied. Furthermore, DNA of nine digeneans extracted and partial sequence of 18s rDNA genes were amplified then analyzed phylogenetically to reveal the real position of these species within the related families and elucidating the molecular genetic relationships among these species and other related species or closely related genera.
Papers by Yasser Karar
Genus <i>Pelopscreadium</i> n. gen. <b>Type-species:</b> <i>Pelopsc... more Genus <i>Pelopscreadium</i> n. gen. <b>Type-species:</b> <i>Pelopscreadium spongiosum</i> (Bray & Cribb, 1998) n. comb. Syn. <i>Bianium spongiosum</i> Bray & Cribb, 1998 <b>Etymology.</b> The generic designation is derived from the name of the Greek god, Pelops, the grand-son of Zeus, who had his shoulder eaten accidentally by Demetrius; thus, "Pelops" refers to the empty (= eaten) vacuolated cells composing the sponge-like lateral patches/pads located laterally in the forebody (i.e. at the "shoulders") of members of the new genus and the suffix "creadium" broadly refers to the affinities of the new genus to other members of the Lepocreadiinae. <b>Diagnosis.</b> Body spinose, elongate-oval; maximum breadth at or posterior to level of ventral sucker. Forebody about a third of body length. No scoop present, but large internal patches of vacuolated cells form sponge-like patches (i.e. ...
<i>Pelopscreadium aegyptense</i> n. sp. (Figs. 1–4) <b>Type-host.</b> Yel... more <i>Pelopscreadium aegyptense</i> n. sp. (Figs. 1–4) <b>Type-host.</b> Yellow boxfish, <i>Ostracion cubicus</i> Linnaeus (Tetraodontiformes: Ostraciidae). <b>Type-locality.</b> Northern Red Sea, off Sharm El-Naga, Makadi Bay, Southern Hurghada, Egypt (26 ° 55.16 'N, 33 ° 56.05 'E – 26 ° 53.59 'N, 33 ° 59.49 'E, depth = 0.5–2.5 m; 26 /May/ 2012). <b>Site of infection.</b> Lower intestine. <b>Type-material.</b> BM(NH) holotype 2016.4.22.1, BM(NH) paratypes 2016.4.22.2, BM(NH) vouchers 2016.4.22.3- 10. <b>Pevalence.</b> 2 of 8 host specimens (25 % infected). <b>Intensity.</b> 13–17 worms/host specimen. <b>Mean intensity.</b> 15 (30 / 2). <b>Relative density/abundance.</b> 3.75 (30 / 8). <b>Etymology.</b> The species designation " <i>aegyptense</i> " refers to the geographical location where this new digenean was collected, i.e. off Egypt. <b>Description</b>. [Based on 18 mature specimens. Measurements, morphometric percentages and morphometric ratios are given in Table 1.] Body elongate-oval, with maximum width in middle third of body. Anterior end broadly rounded; posterior end less broadly rounded; pre-oral lobe present. Forebody gradually narrows near anterior end; remnants of cercarial eyespots often obvious in first third of forebody. Hindbody wider than forebody, gradually narrows in posterior third of body. Large internal patches of vacuolated cells form sponge-like pelops ("shoulder pads") laterally between anterior extremity and level 2 / 3 to 3 / 4 length of forebody. Tegument densely spined anteriorly; spines short, generally scale-like, becoming less dense posterior to sponge-like pelops, sparsely distributed from posterior extent of sponge-like pelops to near posterior extremity. Distinct, narrow, welldifferentiated layer (band) of cells immediately inside anterior margin of body extends posteriorly on both sides two-thirds length of forebody. Oral sucker spherical to transversely elongate-oval, distinctly sub-terminal, somewhat embedded in parenchyma, partially covered by tegument, unspecialized with co [...]
<i>Astiotrema odhneri</i> Bhalerao, 1936 (Figs. 17–20) (Syns.: <i>Astiotrema re... more <i>Astiotrema odhneri</i> Bhalerao, 1936 (Figs. 17–20) (Syns.: <i>Astiotrema reniferum</i> of Odhner, 1911 <i>nec</i> Looss, 1898; <i>Astiotrema orientale</i> Yamaguti, 1937; <i>Astiotrema amydae</i> Ogawa, 1938; <i>Astiotrema fukuii</i> Ogawa, 1938; <i>Astiotrema foochowensis</i> Tang, 1941; <i>Astiotrema matthaii</i> Gupta, 1954; <i>Astiotrema nathi</i> Gupta, 1954; <i>Astiotrema srivastavai</i> Gupta, 1954; <i>Astiotrema geomydia</i> Siddiqui, 1958 <b>n. syn.</b>; <i>Astiotrema mehrai</i> Tiwari, 1958; <i>Astiotrema sudanensis</i> Khalil, 1959 <b>n. syn.</b>; <i>Astiotrema cirricurvatus</i> Simha &amp; Chattopadhyaya, 1971 <b>n. syn.</b>; <i>Astiotrema brevicaecum</i> Wang, 1987 <b>n. syn.</b>; <i>Astiotrema hanumantharai</i> Dhanumkumari, 1999 <b>n. syn.</b>) <b>Records (see Table 1):</b> 1. Odhner (1911); 2. Bhalerao (1936); 3. Yamaguti (1937); 4. Ogawa (1938); 5. Tang (1941); 6. Gupta (1954); 7. Siddiqui (1958); 8. Tiwari (1958); 9. Yeh &amp; Fotedar (1958); 10. Khalil (1959); 11. Ahluwalia (1960); 12. Dollfus &amp; Simha (1964); 13. Agrawal (1966a); 14. Fotedar (1971); 15. Simha &amp; Chattopadhyaya (1971); 16. Cho &amp; Seo (1977); 17. Wang (1987); 18. Dhanumkumari (1999); 19. Besprozvannykh <i>et al</i>. (2015). <b>Remarks:</b> Odhner (1911) identified specimens of <i>Astiotrema</i> collected from the intestine of the African or Nile softshell turtle, <i>T</i>. <i>triunguis</i> (Testudines: Trionychidae), as <i>A</i>. <i>reniferum</i>. Bhalerao (1936) discussed the specimens of Odhner (1911) and disputed their identity as <i>A</i>. <i>reniferum</i> <i>.</i> This was based on these specimens having (i) shorter ceca terminating at the posterior limit of the posterior testis level, (ii) lobed and differently-shaped testes, (iii) an ovary positioned more anteriorly in the anterior third of the body and (iv) vitellarium distributed differently when compared with the first description of <i>A. reniferum</i> (as <i>Distomum reniferum</i>) by Looss (1898) and its updates (Looss 1899, 1900). Therefore, <i>A</i>. [...]
<i>Astiotrema emydis</i> Ejsmont, 1930 (Figs. 15 &amp; 16) (Syn.: <i>Leptop... more <i>Astiotrema emydis</i> Ejsmont, 1930 (Figs. 15 &amp; 16) (Syn.: <i>Leptophallus emydis</i> [Ejsmont, 1930] Yeh &amp; Fotedar, 1958) <b>Records (see Table 1):</b> 1. Ejsmont (1930); 2. Modrzejewska (1938). <b>Remarks:</b> Ejsmont (1930) proposed <i>A</i>. <i>emydis</i> for specimens from the stomach and duodenum of the European pond turtle, <i>Emys orbicularis</i> (Linnaeus) (Testudines: Emydidae), from Poland. Yeh &amp; Fotedar (1958) proposed removal of <i>A</i>. <i>emydis</i> to <i>Leptophallus</i> Lühe, 1909; however, no reasons were given for this reassignment. Following comparison of <i>A</i>. <i>emydis</i> with two closely related species, <i>Leptophallus nigrovenosus</i> (Bellingham, 1844) Lühe, 1909 and <i>Metaleptophallus gracillimus</i> (Lühe, 1909) Yamaguti, 1958, Grabda-Kazubska (1961) concluded that the transfer of <i>A</i>. <i>emydis</i> to <i>Leptophallus</i> was mistaken based on the fact that <i>A</i>. <i>emydis</i> can be distinguished from species of <i>Leptophallus</i> by the former having a seminal receptacle and a large cirrus-pouch of a different structure without an external seminal vesicle. Grabda-Kazubska (1961) recommended that <i>A</i>. <i>emydis</i> should be retained within <i>Astiotrema</i>. Agrawal (1966a) concurred with Grabda-Kazubska (1961) and also noted that <i>A</i>. <i>emydis</i> could be easily distinguished from <i>Leptophallus</i> based on the nature of the vitellarium and the position of the cirrus-pouch. The most obvious intra-specific variation observed in this species concerns the position of the cirrus-pouch relative to the ventral sucker and ovary; it varies from either situated between ovary and ventral sucker (i.e., ventral sucker sinstral to both cirrus-pouch and ovary) (see dorsal mount of Ejsmont 1930, fig. 1) or sinistral to both ventral sucker and ovary (i.e., ventral sucker between ovary and cirrus-pouch) (see ventral mount of Modrzejewska 1938, fig. 1). <i>Astiotrema emydis</i> is characterized by the following diagnostic combination of morphological feat [...]
<i>Astiotrema ranarum</i> (Mehra &amp; Negi, 1926) Fotedar, 1971 (Figs. 12–14) (S... more <i>Astiotrema ranarum</i> (Mehra &amp; Negi, 1926) Fotedar, 1971 (Figs. 12–14) (Syns.: <i>Centrovitus pentadelphi</i> Bhalerao, 1926; <i>Tremiorchis ranarum</i> Mehra &amp; Negi, 1926; <i>Tremiorchis mehrai</i> Rai, 1962; <i>Tremiorchis vitelloconfluentum</i> Rai, 1962; <i>Tremiorchis attenuatus</i> Karyakarte, 1973; <i>Tremiorchis tigrinarum</i> Sinha, Sahay &amp; Prasad, 1974; <i>Tremiorchis mathuraensis</i> Swaroop &amp; Jain, 1976; <i>Tremiorchis tigrinarum andersoni</i> Lal, 1977 <b>n. syn.</b>; <i>Tremiorchis spiniphlyctis</i> Kalyankar &amp; Palladwar, 1978; <i>Astiotrema siddiqii</i> Lal &amp; Prasad, 1980 <b>n. syn.</b>; <i>Tremiorchis jamshedpurensis</i> Hasnain, 1989 <b>n. syn.</b>; <i>Tremiorchis fatimae</i> Bilqees &amp; Khan, 2003 <b>n. syn.</b>) <b>Records (see Table 1):</b> 1. Bhalerao (1926); 2. Mehra &amp; Negi (1926, 1936); 3. Verma (1930); 4. Singh (1954); 5. Bhardwaj (1962); 6. Rai (1962); 7. Agrawal (1968); 8. Ali &amp; Karykarte (1970); 9. Dwivedi &amp; Chauhan (1970); 10. Mukherjee &amp; Ghosh (1970); 11. Fotedar (1971); 12. Sinha &amp; Sahay (1971); 13. Pandey (1973); 14. Rao (1974); 15. Sinha <i>et al</i>. (1974); 16. Bhutta &amp; Khan (1975); 17. Swaroop &amp; Jain (1976); 18. Khan &amp; Haksar (1977); 19. Lal (1977); 20. Singh (1977); 21. Kalyankar &amp; Palladwar (1978); 22. Singh &amp; Sinha (1979); 23. Karyakarte &amp; Baheti (1980); 24. Lal &amp; Prasad (1980); 25. Hafeezullah &amp; Dutta (1981); 26. Hasnain (1989); 27. Rajendran &amp; Janardanan (1993); 28. Bilqees &amp; Khan (2003); 29. Pandey &amp; Agrawal (2013); 30. Pandey <i>et al</i>. (2013); 31. Hemalatha <i>et al</i>. (2015). <b>Remarks:</b> Bhardwaj (1962) examined <i>T</i>. <i>ranarum</i> and reported intra-specific variations and abnormalities including (i) differences in size of body and organs, (ii) minor differences in sucker ratio, (iii) presence or absence of a prepharynx, (iv) slight changes in extent of intestinal ceca, cirrus-pouch and vitellarium, (v) confluent nature of the vitelline follicles, (vi) difference [...]
Genus <i>Astiotrema</i> Looss, 1900 (<i>sensu stricto</i>) <b>Synon... more Genus <i>Astiotrema</i> Looss, 1900 (<i>sensu stricto</i>) <b>Synonyms:</b> <i>Astia</i> Looss, 1899; <i>Centrovitus</i> Bhalerao, 1926; <i>Tremiorchis</i> Mehra & Negi, 1926; <i>Astioglossimetra</i> Bilqees, Khatoon & Khan, 2002 <b>n. syn.</b>
<i>Astiotrema reniferum</i> (Looss, 1898) Looss, 1900 (Figs. 1–5) (Syns.: <i>Di... more <i>Astiotrema reniferum</i> (Looss, 1898) Looss, 1900 (Figs. 1–5) (Syns.: <i>Distomum unicum</i> Looss, 1896 <i>nec</i> Molin, 1859; <i>Distomum reniferum</i> Looss, 1898; <i>Astia renifera</i> [Looss, 1898] Looss, 1899; <i>Astiotrema elongatum</i> Mehra, 1931; <i>Astiotrema loossii</i> Mehra, 1931; <i>Astiotrema gangeticus</i> Harshey, 1932; <i>Astiotrema indica</i> Thapar, 1933; <i>Astiotrema spinosa</i> Chatterji, 1933; <i>Astiotrema rami</i> Bhalerao, 1936; <i>Astiotrema dassia</i> Dayal, 1938; <i>Astiotrema hoshiarpurium</i> Gupta, 1954; <i>Astiotrema thapari</i> Gupta, 1954; <i>Astiotrema giganticum</i> Tiwari, 1958; <i>Astiotrema lobiorchis</i> Tiwari, 1958; <i>Astiotrema lissemysi</i> Qazi &amp; Qazi, 1963; <i>Astiotrema longicirra</i> Dwivedi, 1966; <i>Astiotrema kachugai</i> Gupta &amp; Jahan, 1978 <b>n. syn.</b>; <i>Astiotrema pseudobagri</i> Wang in Wang, Zhao, Ghen &amp; Tao, 1983 <b>n. comb.</b>; <i>Gauhatiana pseudobagri</i> Wang in Wang, Zhao, Ghen &amp; Tao, 1983 <b>n. syn.</b>; <i>Astiotrema manteri</i> Gupta &amp; Saxena, 1987 <b>n. syn.</b>) <b>Records (see Table 1):</b> 1. Looss (1899); 2. Mehra (1931b); 3. Harshey (1932); 4. Chatterji (1933); 5. Thapar (1933); 6. Bhalerao (1936); 7. Dayal (1938); 8. Gupta (1954); 9. Tiwari (1958); 10. Yeh &amp; Fotedar (1958); 11. Khalil (1959, 1969); 12. Mehrunnisa &amp; Qazi (1963); 13. Agrawal (1966a, 1966b); 14. Dwivedi (1966); 15. Kumari <i>et al</i>. (1972); 16. Cho &amp; Seo (1977); 17. Gupta &amp; Jahan (1978); 18. Wang <i>et al</i>. (1983); 19. Gupta &amp; Saxena (1987); 20. Tawfik <i>et al</i>. (1996); 21. Koiri &amp; Roy (2016). <b>Remarks</b>: <i>Astiotrema reniferum</i> is the type species of <i>Astiotrema</i> and represents one of the most commonly known and frequently reported species of this genus. Several of these records were identical with the original description of <i>A</i>. <i>reniferum</i> in morphology, host groups, and sharing same or close localities (see Yeh &amp; Fotedar 1958; Khalil 1959, 1969; Agrawal 1966a, 1966b; Kumari <i>et [...]
Key to the species of<i> Anchitrema</i> Looss, 1899 1a. Body relatively large, some 6... more Key to the species of<i> Anchitrema</i> Looss, 1899 1a. Body relatively large, some 6,000 long; oral sucker/pharynx width ratio ≥1:3.0..............................................................................................<i> Anchitrema sanguineum</i> ( Sonsino, 1894) Looss, 1899 1b. Body relatively small, less than 4,500 long ( 1,300 –4,335); oral sucker/pharynx width ratio ≤ 1:2.9 (i.e., 1: 1.4–1: 2.9)..... 2 2a. Testes located less than one-third of body length from anterior end (27–30% of body length); uterine loops commonly overlap vitelline fields and may reach outer margins of testes laterally.................................................. 3 2b. Testes located more than one-third of body length from anterior end (35–40% of body length); few to no uterine loops overlap vitelline fields and do not reach outer margin of testes laterally................................................. 4 3a. Testes smooth; ovary median, immediately posterior to te...
Genus<i> Piscianchitrema</i> n. gen.<b> Type species:</b><i> Piscia... more Genus<i> Piscianchitrema</i> n. gen.<b> Type species:</b><i> Piscianchitrema nilense</i><b> n. gen, n. sp.</b><b> Etymology:</b> The generic designation is in recognition of the<i> Anchitrema</i> -like type of species being described from a fish host, "Pisci" (Latin).<b> Diagnosis:</b> Body elongate-oval to lingulate, spinose. Forebody about one-third of body length. Thick, shelflike rim continuous around most of ventral aspect of periphery of distome, more laterally extensive in forebody, not joined posteriorly, somewhat reminiscent of incomplete scoop of species of<i> Bianium</i> Stunkard, 1930 ( Lepocreadiidae), but rim extends more posteriorly to near posterior extremity of body; rim of lateral aspect of forebody composed of large internal patches of lightly vacuolated, somewhat glandular cells that form pads similar to those described for species of<i> Pelopscreadium&...
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Publications by Yasser Karar
contain Paragyliauchen Yamaguti, 1934. Paragyliauchen differs from all other gyliauchenine genera by having a pharynx differentiated into two well-developed muscular regions: an anterior region composed of a ring with indented projections anteriorly and a posterior region that is ellipsoidal or barrel-shaped. Modified and/or new keys to the four subfamilies we recognize within the Gyliauchenidae as well as the genera within each subfamily are presented, and we discuss the evolutionary development and etymology of the unique anatomy of the anterior of gyliauchenids.
Thesis Chapters by Yasser Karar
Papers by Yasser Karar
contain Paragyliauchen Yamaguti, 1934. Paragyliauchen differs from all other gyliauchenine genera by having a pharynx differentiated into two well-developed muscular regions: an anterior region composed of a ring with indented projections anteriorly and a posterior region that is ellipsoidal or barrel-shaped. Modified and/or new keys to the four subfamilies we recognize within the Gyliauchenidae as well as the genera within each subfamily are presented, and we discuss the evolutionary development and etymology of the unique anatomy of the anterior of gyliauchenids.