Papers by Shine Augustine
Physics Procedia, 2010
Local blood pressure measurements provide important information on the state of health of organs ... more Local blood pressure measurements provide important information on the state of health of organs in the body and can be used to diagnose diseases in the heart, lungs, and kidneys. This paper presents an experimental setup for investigating the ambient pressure sensitivity of a contrast agent using diagnostic ultrasound. The setup resembles a realistic clinical setup utilizing a single array transducer for transmit and receive. The ambient pressure sensitivity of SonoVue (Bracco, Milano, Italy) was measured twice using two different acoustic driving pressures, which were selected based on a preliminary experiment. To compensate for variations in bubble response and to make the estimates more robust, the relation between the energy of the subharmonic and the fundamental component was chosen as a measure over the subharmonic peak amplitude. The preliminary study revealed the growth stage of the subharmonic component to occur at acoustic driving pressures between 300 and 500 kPa. Based on this, the pressure sensitivity was investigated using a driving pressure of 485 and 500 kPa. At 485 kPa, a linear pressure sensitivity of 0.42 dB/kPa was found having a linear correlation coefficient of 0.94. The second measurement series at 485 kPa showed a sensitivity of 0.41 dB/kPa with a correlation coefficient of 0.89. Based on the measurements at 500 kPa, this acoustic driving pressure was concluded to be too high causing the bubbles to be destroyed. The pressure sensitivity for these two measurement series were 0.42 and 0.25 dB/kPa with linear correlation coefficients of 0.98 and 0.93, respectively.
La Pensée
As the world is changing so is the need of every human being, Improvement in the living styles ca... more As the world is changing so is the need of every human being, Improvement in the living styles causes most people not to be concerned about their health. When a physician‘s inspects ECG for the existence of abnormal patterns like irregular beat, interartrial block, ST level change, morphologic changes, ECG data is often corrupted by muscle artifacts.An improved thresholding is proposed forremoving the electromyography noise in the Electrocardiogram signal.Statistical analysis shows that 75% of diabetic patients die prematurely of cardiovascular disease.The risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are associated with the increasing stiffness of the arterial wall.The degree of arterial stiffness can be obtained by calculating the augmentation index of a pulse wave by which cardiac risk to the patient can be diagnosed.This paper aimed at designing a non-invasive cuff-less cardiovascular parameters estimation system based on pulse transit time (PTT) technique using wavelets. Since PTT i...
2013 39th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference, 2013
ABSTRACT CYFRA-21-1 is a novel biomarker secreted in the saliva of oral cancer patient in relativ... more ABSTRACT CYFRA-21-1 is a novel biomarker secreted in the saliva of oral cancer patient in relatively higher amount (ng mL-1). We report, development of a simple, noninvasive and label free electrochemical biosensor based on nanostructured zirconia for the efficient detection of oral cancer. The silanized nanostructured zirconia has been electrophoretically deposited over ITO electrode that acts as an efficient support for covalent immobilization of monoclonal antibodies (anti-CYFRA-21-1). The fabricated platform has been characterized through AFM, XPS and FT-IR techniques. The results of the electrochemical response studies reveal that the BSA/anti-CYFRA-21-1/APTES/ZrO2/ITO immunoelectrode can be used to estimate the CYFRA-21-1 with a high sensitivity of 2.2 mA mL ng-1, linear detection range of 2-16 ng mL-1 and stability of 8 weeks. The observed results have been validated using ELISA and have implications towards the fabrication of point of care device for oral cancer monitoring.
Nanomaterials, 2021
Rapid and simple electroanalysis of acrylamide (ACR) was feasible by a gold electrode modified wi... more Rapid and simple electroanalysis of acrylamide (ACR) was feasible by a gold electrode modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and dithiothreitol (DTT) with enhanced detection sensitivity and selectivity. The roughness of bare gold (Au) increased from 0.03 μm to 0.04 μm when it was decorated with AuNPs. The self-assembly between DTT and AuNPs resulted in a surface roughness of 0.09 μm. The DTT oxidation occurred at +0.92 V. The Au/AuNPs/DTT surface exhibited a surface roughness of 0.24 μm after its exposure to ACR with repeated analysis. SEM imaging illustrated the formation of a polymer layer on the Au/AuNPs/DTT surface. Surface plasmon resonance analysis confirmed the presence of AuNPs and DTT on the gold electrode and the binding of ACR to the electrode’s active surface area. The peak area obtained by differential pulse voltammetry was inversely proportional to the ACR concentrations. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were estimated to be 3.11 × 10−...
Biosensors, 2021
Molecular diagnostics has been the front runner in the world’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic.... more Molecular diagnostics has been the front runner in the world’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Particularly, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the quantitative variant (qRT-PCR) have been the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis. However, faster antigen tests and other point-of-care (POC) devices have also played a significant role in containing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by facilitating mass screening and delivering results in less time. Thus, despite the higher sensitivity and specificity of the RT-PCR assays, the impact of POC tests cannot be ignored. As a consequence, there has been an increased interest in the development of miniaturized, high-throughput, and automated PCR systems, many of which can be used at point-of-care. This review summarizes the recent advances in the development of miniaturized PCR systems with an emphasis on COVID-19 detection. The distinct features of digital PCR and electrochemical PCR are detailed along with the challenges...
IEEE Sensors Journal, 2020
We report results of the studies relating to the fabrication of a paper-based humidity sensing el... more We report results of the studies relating to the fabrication of a paper-based humidity sensing element comprising a nanostructured polyaniline (PANI) coating on a filter paper substrate. The electrical conductivity of the PANI integrated conductive paper increases from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.9\times 10^{-6}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Scm<sup>−1</sup> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.1\times 10^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Scm<sup>−1</sup> on modification of the polymerization protocol. This increase in conductivity is ascribed to the change in morphology of the PANI coating from nanogranular (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{N}_{\text{g}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) to partially nanofibrous (pN<sub>f</sub>). We investigate the effect of observed morphologies of PANI-paper composites on their resistive-type humidity sensing performances. The partially nanofibrous (pN<sub>f</sub>) PANI-paper exhibits a bimodal humidity response due to polymer-swelling effect at higher humidity (≥ 55% RH). However, the nanogranular (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{N}_{\text{g}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) PANI-paper yields a unimodal, linear humidity response within the humidity range, 16–96.2% RH, with a sensitivity of 9.79 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{k}\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>/% RH (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}^{2}~\approx 0.996$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). Hence, the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{N}_{\text{g}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> PANI-paper is a promising alternative to the conventional humidity sensors fabricated on ITO glass/bare glass/PET substrates.
Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
ACS Applied Bio Materials, 2019
Serum samples of breast cancer patients The serum samples of breast cancer patients were obtained... more Serum samples of breast cancer patients The serum samples of breast cancer patients were obtained from the Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Rohini, Delhi, (India). All the serum samples were collected under the protocol approved by the Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre Institutional Review board (RGCRIC/IRB/12/2016). Prior to collecting the serum samples, the written informed consents were taken from all the patients We performed double antibody sandwich ELISA in anti-HER-2 coated 96 micro titter wells plate. The standard and real samples were run in triplicate followed by the colorimetric reaction recorded at 450 nm by ELISA plate reader (iMARK, Bio-rad, USA).
MRS Communications, 2018
We report results of the studies relating to the development of the emerging nanostructured molyb... more We report results of the studies relating to the development of the emerging nanostructured molybdenum trioxide (nMoO 3 )-based biocompatible label-free biosensing platform for breast cancer detection. The structural and morphological studies of the synthesized nMoO 3 nanorods were investigated by XRD, SEM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic, and TEM techniques. This biocompatible one-dimensional (1D) nMoO 3 -based biosensing platform exhibited high sensitivity (0.904 µAmL/ng/cm 2 ), wide linear detection range (2.5–110 ng/mL), and a lower detection limit as 2.47 ng/mL toward human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 detection. The results obtained using this sensor platform on serum samples of breast cancer patients were validated using ELISA.
Nanomaterials, 2019
We report results of the studies relating to the development of an efficient biosensor for non-in... more We report results of the studies relating to the development of an efficient biosensor for non-invasive detection of CYFRA-21-1 cancer biomarker. We used a low dielectric constant material (nanostructured yttrium oxide, nY2O3) for the fabrication of the biosensing platform. The nY2O3 was synthesized via solvothermal process and functionalized using 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane (APTES). Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of the functionalized nanomaterial (APTES/nY2O3) onto an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode was conducted at a DC potential of 50V for 60s. The EDC-NHS chemistry was used for covalent immobilization of −COOH bearing monoclonal anti-CYFRA-21-1 onto −NH2 groups of APTES/nY2O3/ITO electrode. To avoid the non-specific interaction on the anti-CYFRA-21-1/APTES/nY2O3/ITO immunoelectrode, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were utilized for st...
MRS Communications, 2018
The inefficiencies of the current pipeline from discovery to clinical approval of drugs demand a ... more The inefficiencies of the current pipeline from discovery to clinical approval of drugs demand a surrogate method to indicate adverse drug reactions, e.g. liver damage. Organ-on-chip (OOC) models would be an ideal, rapid, and human-specific alternate, which would render animal testing obsolete. The ground-breaking ability of OOCs and Multi-OOC constructs is the accurate simulation of the in vivo conditions of human organs leading to precise drug screens for cytotoxicity and/or drug efficacy at a faster pace and lesser cost. Here we discuss the innovation, architecture, and the progress of OOCs towards human body-on-a-chip.
Analytica Chimica Acta, 2019
We report results of the studies relating to the fabrication of a label-free, flexible, light wei... more We report results of the studies relating to the fabrication of a label-free, flexible, light weight and disposable conducting paper based immunosensing platform comprising of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) and nanostructured iron oxide (nFe 2 O 3 @PEDOT:PSS) nanocomposite for detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a cancer biomarker. The effect of various solvents such as sorbitol, ethanol, propanol, n-methyl-2pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the electrical conductivity of Whatman filter paper (WP) modified with nFe 2 O 3 @PEDOT:PSS/WP was investigated. The electrical conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS/WP electrode was found to be enhanced by two orders of magnitude (from 6.8 x 10-4 to 1.92 x 10-2 Scm-1) after its treatment with DMSO. Further, nFe 2 O 3 doped PEDOT:PSS/WP electrode exhibited the electrical conductivity as 2.4 x 10-2 Scm-1. Besides this, the incorporation of iron oxide nanoparticles (nFe 2 O 3) into PEDOT:PSS/WP resulted in improved electrochemical performance and signal stability. This nFe 2 O 3 @PEDOT:PSS/WP based platform was used for immobilization of the anticarcinoembronic antigen (anti-CEA) protein for quantitative estimation of cancer biomarker (CEA). The results of electrochemical response studies revealed that this conducting paper based immunoelectrode had a sensitivity of 10.2 µAng-1 mLcm-2 in the physiological range (4-25 ngmL-1) and shelf life of 34 days. Further, the proposed immunoelectrode was validated with conventional ELISA for the detection of CEA in serum samples of cancer patients.
Biosensors & bioelectronics, Jan 10, 2017
We report results of the studies relating to fabrication of nanostructured metal oxide (NMO) base... more We report results of the studies relating to fabrication of nanostructured metal oxide (NMO) based cancer biosensor. With the help of 2D electroactive reduced graphene oxide (RGO), we successfully inhibited the Brownian motion of NMO that led to reduced agglomeration of NMO. The nanostructured hafnium oxide (nHfO2) was used as a model NMO. The reduced agglomeration of nHfO2 was achieved through controlled hydrothermal synthesis and investigated via nanoparticles tracking analysis (NTA). X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques were used for phase identification as well as morphological analysis of the synthesized nanohybrid (nHfO2@RGO) material. The 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) was used for the functionalization of nHfO2@RGO and electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique was used for its deposition onto ITO coated glass electrode. Further, antibodies of cancer biomarker (anti-CYFRA-21-1) were immobiliz...
Journal of Materials Research, 2017
W e report results of the studies relating to the fabrication of nanostructured zirconia (ZrO 2) ... more W e report results of the studies relating to the fabrication of nanostructured zirconia (ZrO 2) based immunosensor for cardiac troponin I biomarker (myocardial infarction) detection. One step, low temperature hydrothermal process has been used for the synthesis of nanostructured ZrO 2 (4.5 nm). These ZrO 2 nanoparticles have been functionalized with 3-amino propyl triethoxy silane (APTES) and thereafter electrophoretically deposited (15 V, 3 minutes) on indium tin oxide coated glass electrode (ITO). EDC/NHS chemistry has been used for covalent immobilization of anti-troponin-I (anti-cTnI) onto APTES/ZrO 2 /ITO electrode. Structural, morphological and functional characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles and the fabricated immunoelectrode have been carried out via X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and cyclic voltammetry techniques. The results of electrochemical response studies of BSA/anti-cTnI/APTES/ZrO 2 /ITO immunoelectrode reveal that this smart platform can be used for the detection of troponin I biomarker with a wide linear detection range (0.01 to 100 ng mL-1), high sensitivity (3.7×10-4 mA mL ng-1 cm-2), remarkable lower detection limit (0.036 ng mL-1) and stability of upto 30 days. The obtained results have been validated through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Biomaterials Science, 2017
This review deals with four different types of carbon allotrope based nanosystems and summarizes ... more This review deals with four different types of carbon allotrope based nanosystems and summarizes the results of recent studies that are likely to have applications in cancer theranostics. We discuss the applications of these nanosystems for cancer imaging, drug delivery, hyperthermia, and PDT/TA/PA.
Applied Physics Letters, 2016
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2016
We report results of the studies relating to the development of a non-invasive, label free immuno... more We report results of the studies relating to the development of a non-invasive, label free immunosensor based on nanostructured hafnium oxide (hafinia) deposited onto indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass for oral cancer biomarker (CYFRA-21-1) detection in human saliva. The nanostructured hafnia (nHfO 2) has been synthesized via one step low temperature hydrothermal process and modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (APTES) for covalent immobilization of monoclonal antibodies (anti-CYFRA-21-1). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used to block non-specific sites at the anti-CYFRA-21-1/APTES/nHfO 2 /ITO electrode surface. The structural, morphological and spectroscopic characterization of the synthesized nanomaterials and fabricated electrodes has been carried out using Xray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies, respectively. The results of response studies conducted on BSA/anti-CYFRA-21-1/APTES/nHfO 2 /ITO immunoelectrode reveal that this biosensor has high sensitivity (9.28 A mL ng −1 cm −2), wide linear detection range (2-18 ng mL −1) and fast response time (15 min). This immunosensor has been validated with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in saliva samples of oral cancer patients.
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Papers by Shine Augustine