Psychology

The Rehabilitation Professional is published quarterly by the International Association of Rehabilitation Professionals (IARP). The Rehabilitation Professional is published to promote the profession, to inform the public about activities of the organization, and to create responsible debate and discussion of relevant issues germane to the profession The Rehabilitation Professional is distributed to all members of IARP as a benefit of membership and is available through subscription to others interested in the activity of IARP. Please contact the national office for subscription information. Articles and papers published in the Journal reflect the opinions of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official views of IARP.

Little research attention has focused on the job-search behavior of minimally educated workers. The primary objective of the studies reported was to examine the relationship of self-reported assertive jobhunting behavior to acquisition of employment among minimally educated workers. The results of three studies provide: (a) construct validity evidence for the Assertive Job-Hunting Survey (AJHS; Becker, 1980), (b) evidence for construct similarity across minimally educated job seeker and college student populations, (c) evidence of a significant relationship between the AJHS and both subjective and objective job acquisition criteria in postdictive and predictive research designs, and (d) evidence that the AJHS, a measure of a non-cognitive variable, can make a unique contribution to the prediction of job acquisition beyond cognitive ability measures.

Cities are increasingly making decisions related to sustainability, and information from the field of urban ecology may be useful in informing these decisions. However, the potential utility of this information may not translate into it actually being used. We surveyed municipal sustainability staff through the Minnesota GreenStep Cities program documenting their information needs and information sources, and used these results to identify the frequency with which urban ecologists are publishing studies of potential relevance to practitioners. We also quantified funded awards from the U.S. National Science Foundation in urban ecology that explicitly describe active partnerships with city policy makers. Our results show that urban ecologists are increasingly generating information of potential relevance to city sustainability efforts, with rapid increases in the number of articles published and grants funded on areas identified as key information needs. Our results also suggest that the transmission of information from academic urban ecologists to practitioners occurs mostly through indirect pathways, as municipal sustainability staff reported relying heavily on general web searches and government agency websites to find information. We found evidence of an increasing frequency of active collaborations between urban ecologists and policy makers from NSF grant abstracts. Our findings are consistent with previous findings that traditional models of passive communication to practitioners through academic journals results in a low efficiency of use of this knowledge, but that the potential for urban ecologists to help inform municipal sustainability initiatives through active collaborations with practitioners is great.

In this paper, we propose an algorithm which is based on many things: the notions well-known of the simplex network method, Ford Fulkerson's algorithm and our new idea, which is << the gain cycles >>, applied on a bi-objective minimum cost flow problem. This algorithm permits us to have a good order of many criteria in a rapid and an efficient way; because this classification permits us to structure the optimal area, in which we can choose the best action among the others which exist in the objective space. From this one, we distinguish, that the resolution of this problem comes to find an under set of good actions, among which the decider can select an action of best compromise, or make a decision, in the case where reference indications of the deciders may change. A didactic example is done to illustrate our algorithm.

Does the language people use to refer to the self during introspection influence how they think, feel, and behave under social stress? If so, do these effects extend to socially anxious people who are particularly vulnerable to such stress? Seven studies explored these questions (total N ϭ 585). Studies 1a and 1b were proof-of-principle studies. They demonstrated that using non-first-person pronouns and one's own name (rather than first-person pronouns) during introspection enhances self-distancing. Studies 2 and 3 examined the implications of these different types of self-talk for regulating stress surrounding making good first impressions (Study 2) and public speaking (Study 3). Compared with the first-person group, the non-first-person group performed better according to objective raters in both studies. They also displayed less distress (Studies 2 and 3) and engaged in less maladaptive postevent processing (Study 3). Studies 4 and 5 examined how these different forms of self-talk influence the way people appraise social-anxiety-provoking events. They demonstrated that non-first-person language use (compared with first-person language use) leads people to appraise future stressors in more challenging and less threatening terms. Finally, a meta-analysis (Study 6) indicated that none of these findings were moderated by trait social anxiety, highlighting their translational potential. Together, these findings demonstrate that small shifts in the language people use to refer to the self during introspection consequentially influence their ability to regulate their thoughts, feelings, and behavior under social stress, even for vulnerable individuals.

Is 50 considered "old"? When do we stop being considered "young"? If individuals could choose to be any age, what would it be? In a sample of 502,548 internet respondents ranging in age from 10 to 89, we examined age differences in aging perceptions (e.g., how old do you feel?) and estimates of the timing of developmental transitions (e.g., when does someone become an older adult?). We found that older adults reported older perceptions of aging (e.g., choosing to be older, feeling older, being perceived as older), but that these perceptions were increasingly younger than their current age. The age to which individuals hope to live dramatically increased after age 40. We also found that older adults placed the age at which developmental transitions occurred later in the life course. This latter effect was stronger for transitions involving middle-age and older adulthood compared to transitions involving young adulthood. The current study constitutes the largest study to date of age differences in age perceptions and developmental timing estimates and yielded novel insights into how the aging process may affect judgments about the self and others.

The rates of specific therapist and client verbal behaviors were examined within the context of behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, and attention-contrOl interventions with children exhibiting classroom behavior problems. The 27 third-through sixth-grade children were referred by their teachers for participation in a treatment outcome study (Kendall & Braswell, 1982). All subjects were exposed to identical training materials and were seen for 12 50-minute sessions conducted over 7 weeks. All sessions were audiotaped. Seven-minute samples from the beginning, middle, and end of sessions 1, 2, 3, 10, 11, and 12 were scored according to a 13-category coding system. Correlations between these process categories and independent measures of treatment outcome suggested that child and therapist behaviors indicating