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Sathesh Kumar Annamalai

SRM UNIVERSITY, CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL NUCLEAR RESEARCH, Faculty Member

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I have done my under graduation (B.Tech) in Industrial Biotechnology, Post graduation(M.Tech) in Biotechnology and my Ph.D in Radiation Biology & Aquatic ecosystem Modelling.

Current Areas of research includes Aquatic Ecosystem Modelling, Migration and Transport of Radionuclides & Transfer Factor Studies.

Other areas of current research includes Green synthesis of Nano-particle,Wound healing Effect on Medicinal plants, medicinal plant nanofibers for skin tissue regeneration etc..
Supervisors: Dr. Kantha Deivi Arunachalam
Phone: 9943392555
Address: Center For Environmental Nuclear Research,
Directorate of Research,
SRM University, Potheri, Chennai

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Pakistan Institute of engineering and applied science (PIEAS)

BHABESH KUMAR CHOUDHURY

VIT University

Birendra Bindhani

Chozhavendhan sivasankaran

J. Water Environ. Nanotechnology - JWENT

Babol Noshirvani University of Technology

Hossein (kamran) Jahangirian

University Putra Malaysia, UPM

Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

Anna University(Chennai)

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Papers by Sathesh Kumar Annamalai

Biofunctionalized Gold Nanoparticles Synthesis from G Ymnema Sylvestre and Its Preliminary Anticancer Activity

Objective: Administration of G. sylvestre extract to rats increased superoxide dismutase activity... more Objective: Administration of G. sylvestre extract to rats increased superoxide dismutase activity and decreased lipid peroxide by directly scavenging the reactive oxygen species, due to the presence of various antioxidant compounds, or by increasing the synthesis of antioxidant molecules. Methods: The gold nanoparticles were bio-functionlized using the bioactive compounds from the aqueous extract of G. sylvestre. And characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for size and shape. The characterized bio-functionalized G.Sylvestre GGNPS were tested for its in-vitro anticancer activity against human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Results: Bio-functionlized G.Sylvestre GGNPS showed the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) band at 540 nm. The SEM Images showed the spherical shaped nanoparticles at an average of 72.8 nm and further...

Spatial Distribution and Dose Assessment of Radionuclides 238U 232Th 210Po 226Ra 210Pb and Trace Elements in Fresh Water Ecosystem Transport Modeling Of Uranium and Genotoxic Effect In Simulation Model

Studies on the mechanical properties of bacterial concrete with two bacterial species

Materials Today: Proceedings

Abstract Bacterial Concrete Is a Concrete,Where The Properties Of Concrete Are Modified Using Sel... more Abstract Bacterial Concrete Is a Concrete,Where The Properties Of Concrete Are Modified Using Selected Bacteria. Bacillus Sphaericus And Bacillus Pasteurii Where Selected Based On Literature Review To Enhance The Strength And Durabulity Of Concrete. When 10% Of Cement Is Replaced By Fly Ash Enriched With Bacillus Sphaericus Higher Strength Is Obtained Than Controlled Concrete And Concrete Made With Bacillus Pasteurii. In Compression Test Concrete Made With Bacillus Sphaericus Gives 10.8% Higher Strength, In Split Tensile Test 29.37% Higher Strength And In Flexure 5.1% Higher Strength Than Controlled Concrete. Concrete Made With Bacillus Pasteurii Gives Marginally Less Strength Than Bacillus Sphaericus.

Antimicrobial properties and biocompatibility of electrospun poly-ε-caprolactone fibrous mats containing Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract

Materials Science and Engineering: C

Wound care management presents one of the substantial and tenacious challenges to the healthcare ... more Wound care management presents one of the substantial and tenacious challenges to the healthcare systems worldwide. Microbial colonization and subsequent biofilm formation after injury have garnered much attention, as there is an appreciable correlation between biofilms formation and delayed healing in chronic wounds. Nanotechnology has emerged as a potential platform for the management of treating acute and chronic wounds. This study presents the utility of electrospun nanofiber mats containing a natural extract (Gymnema sylvestre) that averts biofilm formation but supports human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) attachment. The scaffolds exhibited good wettability, enhanced mechanical properties and contact mediated inhibition of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. MTS viability assay and confocal imaging further confirmed that the natural extract loaded mats remained non-cytotoxic for hDFs. Overall these findings evidenced the suitability of the Gymnema sylvestre (GS) functionalized electrospun poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanofibers, as an effective wound dressing with broad spectrum anti-bacterial properties.

Radio-protective dosimetry of Pangasius sutchi as a biomarker, against gamma radiation dosages perceived by genotoxic assays

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, Jan 30, 2018

Exposure to ionizing radiation is harmful to any living organism. It may cause varying levels of ... more Exposure to ionizing radiation is harmful to any living organism. It may cause varying levels of genetic mutation or ultimately death. Synthetic compounds have been used to counteract the hazardous effect of radiation on the live cells, but the possibility of these synthetic compounds being harmful to the organism being treated also exists. Herbal formulations are thus being explored as a possible alternative for the synthetic radioprotectant. Induction of DNA damage in fishes caused by ionizing radiation and its protection by phytocompounds is a hardly studied topic. In this study, we analyzed the radioprotective effect of Gymnema sylvestre leaves extract (GS) and its active compound gymnemagenin (GG) against different doses of gamma radiation (Co) on the freshwater fish Pangasius sutchi. The radioprotective efficacy was assessed by micronuclei and alkaline comet assays. The freshwater fish P. sutchi was pre-treated with intramuscular injection (IM) of amifostine (83.3 mg/kg of B.W...

Simulation Model for Feasibility Studies on Bioremediation of Uranium Mill Tailings using Hyper Accumulator <i>Chrysopogon zizanioides</i>

American Journal of Environmental Sciences

Contamination of environment by uranium is expected in places where mining of uranium ore and pro... more Contamination of environment by uranium is expected in places where mining of uranium ore and processing, nuclear testing and reactor operations when the control measures are not effective. The daughter radionuclides of the ores, chemical additives and residual uranium are the maincomponents of processed waste from uranium industries. The bioremediation of contaminated areas using plant species or group of the plant may offer a cheap, renewable and promising approach to ensure long-term protection to the environment. In view of this, experiments were carried out to study the uranium immobilization potential of vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Nash) under simulated conditions using the complex tailings. The vetiver plants were planted in simulation tanks at Health Physics Unit (HPU), Jaduguda, Jharkhand, India and periodic samplings were carried out to investigate the extent of uranium uptake. The acid aliquot of ashed plant samples, soil and tailings were subjected to solvent extraction followed by UV-Fluorimeter for estimation of uranium. The studies indicated that the plant species could bioremediate up to 49% of the uranium at 90th day of the experiment and the uranium remediation efficiency of vetiver increased with time and uranium was predominantly localized in the roots of the plant.

Uranium ((238)U) bioaccumulation and its persuaded alterations on hematological, serological and histological parameters in freshwater fish Pangasius sutchi

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 2017

The early biomarkers for the hematological, serological and histological alterations due to the e... more The early biomarkers for the hematological, serological and histological alterations due to the effect of ½ and ¼ LC50 of (238)U in different organs in freshwater fish Pangasius sutchi for water-borne (238)U accumulation was investigated. The toxicological data due to (238)U accumulation on the hematological parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and hematocrit (Hct) to evaluate the oxygen carrying capacity has been indicated as the secondary response of the organisms. The biomarkers of liver damage were determined as by Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), γ-Glutamyl Transferase (γ-GT). Similarly, the renal biomarkers of kidney damage were accessed by creatinine, uric acid, triglycerides, and cholesterol. The decrease in hemoglobin in the experimental group due to disturbed synthesis of hemoglobin was directly proportional to the concentration and exposur...

Natural radionuclide dose and lifetime cancer risk due to ingestion of fish and water from fresh water reservoirs near the proposed uranium mining site

Environmental science and pollution research international, Jan 16, 2017

Ten sampling locations in Nagarjuna Sagar Dam have been selected to assess the suitability of the... more Ten sampling locations in Nagarjuna Sagar Dam have been selected to assess the suitability of the reservoir water for human consumption. The sediment, water, and fish samples were collected and analyzed for radionuclide ((238)U, (232)Th, (210)Po, (226)Ra, (210)Pb) and physicochemical parameters like pH, TOC, total hardness, alkalinity, DO, cation exchange capacity, and particle size. The spatial variations among the radionuclides ((238)U, (232)Th, (210)Po, (226)Ra, (210)Pb) in water and bottom sediments of Nagarjuna Sagar Dam were determined. The uranium concentration in the sediment and water was in BDL (<0.5 ppb). The maximum permissible limits in water samples of the analyzed radionuclides are (238)U-10 Bq/l, (210)Po-0.1 Bq/l, (226)Ra-1 Bq/l, and (210)Pb-0.1 Bq/l. The radionuclides in our water samples were approximately 50 times far below the recommended limit. The ingestion of water and fish would not pose any significant radiological impact on health or cancer risk to the p...

Uranium ( 238 U)-induced ROS and cell cycle perturbations, antioxidant responses and erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities in the freshwater iridescent shark fish Pangasius sutchi

Aquatic Toxicology, 2017

Isolation of Scopoletin and Rutin Derivatives from Morinda Tinctoria Roxb. Leaf Extract by HPTLC, HPLC and GC-MS Substantiationhptlc Finger Print Analysis and Phytochemical Investigation of Morinda Tinctoria Roxb Leaf Extracts by HPLC and GS MS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dec 29, 2014

Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the qualitative and quantitative screen... more Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the qualitative and quantitative screening of phytochemicals, and characterization by HPTLC finger print analysis, HPLC and GC MS substantiation for the presence of scopoletin and rutin in methanolic leaf extracted of Morinda tinctoria Roxb. (MEMT). Methods: The Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical analyses were carried out as per the standard protocols. The MEMT characterization was performed by High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of methanolic extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, phlobatanin, quinones, coumarins, cardiac glycosides and proteins. The quantitative phytochemical screenings in terms of total alkaloids, total flavonoids, total phenolic, total proteins and DPPH scavenging activity of MEMT were found to be 13 ± 0.034 mg/g, 0.06±0.003 mg/g, 0.08 ±0.012 mg/g, 0.29 ± 0.071 mg/g and 62.12 ± 0.250 %. From the HPTLC results, the Rf Conclusion: From our results, we found that the proposed HPLC method is fast, discriminating, requires trouble-free sample preparation procedure, and regarded as a good method for quantification in different plant extracts and for regular quality control of herbal formulations. values of scopoletin and rutin were calculated as 0.55 and 0.24. Scopoletin and Rutin content of MEMT was 1.58 and 1.88 % w/w of air dried to extract by HPLC. GC-MS analysis of the MEMT showed the presence of compounds like scopolamine, a secondary metabolite and Malvidin-3, 5-diglucoside, an anthocyanin and a glycoside, as main constituents.

Green synthesis of crystalline silver nanoparticles using Indigofera aspalathoides - medicinal plant extract for wound healing applications

Asian Journal of Chemistry

A simple biological green synthesis of Silver nanoparticles for wound healing applications was de... more A simple biological green synthesis of Silver nanoparticles for wound healing applications was developed using medicinal plant Indigofera aspalathoides. The exploitation of various medicinal plant materials for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles is considered a green technology as it does not involve any harmful chemicals. In the present study an aqueous leaf extract of Indigofera aspalathoides was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles for wound healing applications. Bioreduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) were used to synthesis silver nanoparticles using aqueous plant extracts. Water-soluble organics present in the plant materials are responsible to reduce the silver ions to nano-sized Ag particles. The green synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy; scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The kinetics of reduction of aqueous silver ions during reaction with the In...

Radioprotective Properties Of Casein Phospho Peptides ( CPP ) In Gamma Irradiated Animal Models

In search of radioprotective food supplement the antigenotoxic role of casein phospho peptides (C... more In search of radioprotective food supplement the antigenotoxic role of casein phospho peptides (CPP) from fermented milk were tested in animal models using fish and Swiss albino mice. The antigenotoxic property was assayed by comparing the number of micronuclei, binucleated and multinucleated erythrocytes formed in the unfed control mice and fish with the CPP fed test mice and fish cells. The antigenotoxic property of CPP proved of it'sradioprotective nature. This potential can be harnessed to develop a new class of radioprotectivenutraceuticals which would be of immense help as food supplement for workers working with low background radiation and who are in constant exposure to natural radiation.

The Use of Biocaulk in Bioremediation of Concrete Fractures and Fissures by Bacillus sphaericus

Cement and Concrete Research

Characterization and Applications of Biocement enchanced with Carbon Nanotubes for improved Remediation on cracked Concrete structures

Asian Journal of Chemistry

A bacterial bio-sealant known as calcite is used to seal cracks and holes in buildings and monume... more A bacterial bio-sealant known as calcite is used to seal cracks and holes in buildings and monuments. We have attempted to enhance the production and application of carbonnano tubes withbiosealant from Bacillus sphaericuswith concrete cubes using mix design for the target compressive strength of 50 MPa by Response Surface Methodology. The optimized media was further optimized for pH and Nickel concentrations. The column designed for calcite production was packed with mixture of fine Norris sand, fly ash, urea, CaCl2; and the immobilized bacterial species Bacillus sphaericus. After 7 days of a production cycle, the fly ash mixture containing CaCO3was applied to artificially induced cracked cubes. The cubes were examined for the variation in their compressive strength at 50 MPa and inferred that compressive strength of calcite applied cubes showed increase in strength compared with cement mortar application. Biocaulkwith different ratios of carbon Nano tubes such as 2, 4 & 8 grams res...

Gymnemagenin – a Triterpene Saponin Prevents Γ-Radiation Induced Cellular Dna Damage

Gymnema sylvestre an ethno-medicinally important plant was investigated for its protecting activi... more Gymnema sylvestre an ethno-medicinally important plant was investigated for its protecting activity against radiation induced DNA damage. The major bioactive component present in Gymnema sylvestre such as gymnemic acid and gymnemagenin a triterpene saponin, were tested for its radioprotective effects against 60Co irradiation induced DNA damage in fish model using fresh water fish Pangasius sutchi. Fishes subjected to a dose of 133 Gy of gamma radiation and observed for eight days. The genotoxic assessment by micronucleus assay showed us that that the plant extract helped in reducing the frequency of micronucleated and binucleated erythrocytes compared to the irradiated control group. The genotoxic assessment by alkaline comet assay by single gel electrophoresis shows that pretreatment with the plant extract appreciably decreased the percentage of tail DNA towards the levels close to those of normal control group. The gradual increase in the level of the antioxidant enzymes: superoxi...

Biofunctionalized Gold Nanoparticles Synthesis From Gymnema Sylvestre And Its Preliminary Anticancer Activity

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objective: Administration of G. sylvestre extract to rats increased superoxide dismutase activity... more Objective: Administration of G. sylvestre extract to rats increased superoxide dismutase activity and decreased lipid peroxide by directly scavenging the reactive oxygen species, due to the presence of various antioxidant compounds, or by increasing the synthesis of antioxidant molecules. Methods: The gold nanoparticles were bio-functionlized using the bioactive compounds from the aqueous extract of G. sylvestre. And characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for size and shape. The characterized bio-functionalized G. sylvestre GGNPs were tested for its in-vitro anticancer activity against human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Results: Bio-functionlized G. sylvestre GGNPs showed the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) band at 540 nm. The SEM Images showed the spherical shaped nanoparticles at an average of 72.8 nm and furth...

Ingestion of 210PO by Public Residing in and Around Kalpakkam Through Dietary Source

The distribution of naturally occurring radionuclide Polonium-210 (210Po) activity in dietary sou... more The distribution of naturally occurring radionuclide Polonium-210 (210Po) activity in dietary source of Kalpakkam, Nuclear Power Plant, Tamil Nadu and its nearby region was studied. The 210Po was analyzed in the food materials consumed by the male and female individuals (he/she) living in the study area of Kalpakkam (nuclear power plant) was done by 24-hr Duplicate Diet Study (DDS) and Market Basket Study (MBS). The MBS was done by collecting the food materials such as, cereals, fruits, nuts, leafy vegetables, other vegetables, fish, meat and milk collected from the study area. The DDS was done by collecting the food materials including the beverages consumed in 24 h from different age groups of male and female individuals living in surroundings of Kalpakkam. The intake and ingestion dose of the radionuclide 210Po was estimated. The mean concentration of 210Po in DDS (n=33) was found to be 36 mBq.kg–1 of fresh weight. The MBS was collected based on food consumption representing more...

Diagnostics And Therapeutic Application of Gold Nanoparticles

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Recent years with advancement in the synthesis of a variety of nanomaterial’s, it has become a su... more Recent years with advancement in the synthesis of a variety of nanomaterial’s, it has become a surge of interest in the use of nanoparticles due to their astonishing range of applications. Size effects and multifunctionality are the main characteristics of nanoparticles. Super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, quantum dots, silver and gold nanoparticles are the most widely studied nanoparticles. Among these, gold nanoparticles have attracted intense interest, because of their unique physical and chemical properties, optical properties, ease of synthesis, surface modification, less toxicity, biocompatibility, and ease of detection. This review presents the overview of the applications of gold nanoparticles in biomedical research.

Uranium Induced Ros and Its Antioxidant Defense Molecules, Genotoxicity Assessment in Iridescent Shark (Pangasius Sutchi)

The potential adverse effects of uranium (U) contamination in the aquatic environment to living o... more The potential adverse effects of uranium (U) contamination in the aquatic environment to living organisms have been debated during the recent years. In order to understand the effect and mode of action (MoA) of U in vivo, the iridescent shark (Pangasius sutchi) were exposed to Yo and Yz LC50 waterborne uranyl nitrate in a static system till 21 days. The accumulation of U concentrations in the muscle, brain, gill and liver were analyzed by ICP-MS. The results clearly showed higher accumulation of U in the gills, and the accumulation were in the order of magnitude as gills> liver> Brain> tissue. Dose dependent effects of uranium on hepatic antioxidant defenses like super oxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidase were observed and the ideal concentration-response relationships were observed at the highest U concentration. The DNA fragmentation analysis by comet assay and cell viability by flow cytometric analysis was performed at different time intervals. The whole blood ...

Potential Anti-Cancer Properties of Bio Functionalized Gold and Silver Nanoparticles from Gymnema Sylvestre

Herbal medicine based on plant extracts for treatment of various diseases is a common practice si... more Herbal medicine based on plant extracts for treatment of various diseases is a common practice since ancient time and it is an important aspect of health management. Gymnema sylvestre is an ethno-pharmacologically important medicinal plant used in many poly-herbal formulations for its potential health benefits. It has potential medicinal properties against diabetics, obesity, cancer, inflammation etc. In comparison with many meŹtal nanoparticles, gold and silver (SNP) nanoparticles are characterized by its unique physical, chemical, biological properties for functional activities. Ease of surface modification, unique optical properties make them a prominent contributor in cancer therapy. In this study we investigated the anticancer activities of bio functionalized GNP and SNP Gymnema sylvestre were characterized by Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), an...

Biofunctionalized Gold Nanoparticles Synthesis from G Ymnema Sylvestre and Its Preliminary Anticancer Activity

Objective: Administration of G. sylvestre extract to rats increased superoxide dismutase activity... more Objective: Administration of G. sylvestre extract to rats increased superoxide dismutase activity and decreased lipid peroxide by directly scavenging the reactive oxygen species, due to the presence of various antioxidant compounds, or by increasing the synthesis of antioxidant molecules. Methods: The gold nanoparticles were bio-functionlized using the bioactive compounds from the aqueous extract of G. sylvestre. And characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for size and shape. The characterized bio-functionalized G.Sylvestre GGNPS were tested for its in-vitro anticancer activity against human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Results: Bio-functionlized G.Sylvestre GGNPS showed the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) band at 540 nm. The SEM Images showed the spherical shaped nanoparticles at an average of 72.8 nm and further...

Spatial Distribution and Dose Assessment of Radionuclides 238U 232Th 210Po 226Ra 210Pb and Trace Elements in Fresh Water Ecosystem Transport Modeling Of Uranium and Genotoxic Effect In Simulation Model

Studies on the mechanical properties of bacterial concrete with two bacterial species

Materials Today: Proceedings

Abstract Bacterial Concrete Is a Concrete,Where The Properties Of Concrete Are Modified Using Sel... more Abstract Bacterial Concrete Is a Concrete,Where The Properties Of Concrete Are Modified Using Selected Bacteria. Bacillus Sphaericus And Bacillus Pasteurii Where Selected Based On Literature Review To Enhance The Strength And Durabulity Of Concrete. When 10% Of Cement Is Replaced By Fly Ash Enriched With Bacillus Sphaericus Higher Strength Is Obtained Than Controlled Concrete And Concrete Made With Bacillus Pasteurii. In Compression Test Concrete Made With Bacillus Sphaericus Gives 10.8% Higher Strength, In Split Tensile Test 29.37% Higher Strength And In Flexure 5.1% Higher Strength Than Controlled Concrete. Concrete Made With Bacillus Pasteurii Gives Marginally Less Strength Than Bacillus Sphaericus.

Antimicrobial properties and biocompatibility of electrospun poly-ε-caprolactone fibrous mats containing Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract

Materials Science and Engineering: C

Wound care management presents one of the substantial and tenacious challenges to the healthcare ... more Wound care management presents one of the substantial and tenacious challenges to the healthcare systems worldwide. Microbial colonization and subsequent biofilm formation after injury have garnered much attention, as there is an appreciable correlation between biofilms formation and delayed healing in chronic wounds. Nanotechnology has emerged as a potential platform for the management of treating acute and chronic wounds. This study presents the utility of electrospun nanofiber mats containing a natural extract (Gymnema sylvestre) that averts biofilm formation but supports human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) attachment. The scaffolds exhibited good wettability, enhanced mechanical properties and contact mediated inhibition of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. MTS viability assay and confocal imaging further confirmed that the natural extract loaded mats remained non-cytotoxic for hDFs. Overall these findings evidenced the suitability of the Gymnema sylvestre (GS) functionalized electrospun poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanofibers, as an effective wound dressing with broad spectrum anti-bacterial properties.

Radio-protective dosimetry of Pangasius sutchi as a biomarker, against gamma radiation dosages perceived by genotoxic assays

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, Jan 30, 2018

Exposure to ionizing radiation is harmful to any living organism. It may cause varying levels of ... more Exposure to ionizing radiation is harmful to any living organism. It may cause varying levels of genetic mutation or ultimately death. Synthetic compounds have been used to counteract the hazardous effect of radiation on the live cells, but the possibility of these synthetic compounds being harmful to the organism being treated also exists. Herbal formulations are thus being explored as a possible alternative for the synthetic radioprotectant. Induction of DNA damage in fishes caused by ionizing radiation and its protection by phytocompounds is a hardly studied topic. In this study, we analyzed the radioprotective effect of Gymnema sylvestre leaves extract (GS) and its active compound gymnemagenin (GG) against different doses of gamma radiation (Co) on the freshwater fish Pangasius sutchi. The radioprotective efficacy was assessed by micronuclei and alkaline comet assays. The freshwater fish P. sutchi was pre-treated with intramuscular injection (IM) of amifostine (83.3 mg/kg of B.W...

Simulation Model for Feasibility Studies on Bioremediation of Uranium Mill Tailings using Hyper Accumulator <i>Chrysopogon zizanioides</i>

American Journal of Environmental Sciences

Contamination of environment by uranium is expected in places where mining of uranium ore and pro... more Contamination of environment by uranium is expected in places where mining of uranium ore and processing, nuclear testing and reactor operations when the control measures are not effective. The daughter radionuclides of the ores, chemical additives and residual uranium are the maincomponents of processed waste from uranium industries. The bioremediation of contaminated areas using plant species or group of the plant may offer a cheap, renewable and promising approach to ensure long-term protection to the environment. In view of this, experiments were carried out to study the uranium immobilization potential of vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Nash) under simulated conditions using the complex tailings. The vetiver plants were planted in simulation tanks at Health Physics Unit (HPU), Jaduguda, Jharkhand, India and periodic samplings were carried out to investigate the extent of uranium uptake. The acid aliquot of ashed plant samples, soil and tailings were subjected to solvent extraction followed by UV-Fluorimeter for estimation of uranium. The studies indicated that the plant species could bioremediate up to 49% of the uranium at 90th day of the experiment and the uranium remediation efficiency of vetiver increased with time and uranium was predominantly localized in the roots of the plant.

Uranium ((238)U) bioaccumulation and its persuaded alterations on hematological, serological and histological parameters in freshwater fish Pangasius sutchi

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 2017

The early biomarkers for the hematological, serological and histological alterations due to the e... more The early biomarkers for the hematological, serological and histological alterations due to the effect of ½ and ¼ LC50 of (238)U in different organs in freshwater fish Pangasius sutchi for water-borne (238)U accumulation was investigated. The toxicological data due to (238)U accumulation on the hematological parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and hematocrit (Hct) to evaluate the oxygen carrying capacity has been indicated as the secondary response of the organisms. The biomarkers of liver damage were determined as by Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), γ-Glutamyl Transferase (γ-GT). Similarly, the renal biomarkers of kidney damage were accessed by creatinine, uric acid, triglycerides, and cholesterol. The decrease in hemoglobin in the experimental group due to disturbed synthesis of hemoglobin was directly proportional to the concentration and exposur...

Natural radionuclide dose and lifetime cancer risk due to ingestion of fish and water from fresh water reservoirs near the proposed uranium mining site

Environmental science and pollution research international, Jan 16, 2017

Ten sampling locations in Nagarjuna Sagar Dam have been selected to assess the suitability of the... more Ten sampling locations in Nagarjuna Sagar Dam have been selected to assess the suitability of the reservoir water for human consumption. The sediment, water, and fish samples were collected and analyzed for radionuclide ((238)U, (232)Th, (210)Po, (226)Ra, (210)Pb) and physicochemical parameters like pH, TOC, total hardness, alkalinity, DO, cation exchange capacity, and particle size. The spatial variations among the radionuclides ((238)U, (232)Th, (210)Po, (226)Ra, (210)Pb) in water and bottom sediments of Nagarjuna Sagar Dam were determined. The uranium concentration in the sediment and water was in BDL (<0.5 ppb). The maximum permissible limits in water samples of the analyzed radionuclides are (238)U-10 Bq/l, (210)Po-0.1 Bq/l, (226)Ra-1 Bq/l, and (210)Pb-0.1 Bq/l. The radionuclides in our water samples were approximately 50 times far below the recommended limit. The ingestion of water and fish would not pose any significant radiological impact on health or cancer risk to the p...

Uranium ( 238 U)-induced ROS and cell cycle perturbations, antioxidant responses and erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities in the freshwater iridescent shark fish Pangasius sutchi

Aquatic Toxicology, 2017

Isolation of Scopoletin and Rutin Derivatives from Morinda Tinctoria Roxb. Leaf Extract by HPTLC, HPLC and GC-MS Substantiationhptlc Finger Print Analysis and Phytochemical Investigation of Morinda Tinctoria Roxb Leaf Extracts by HPLC and GS MS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dec 29, 2014

Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the qualitative and quantitative screen... more Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the qualitative and quantitative screening of phytochemicals, and characterization by HPTLC finger print analysis, HPLC and GC MS substantiation for the presence of scopoletin and rutin in methanolic leaf extracted of Morinda tinctoria Roxb. (MEMT). Methods: The Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical analyses were carried out as per the standard protocols. The MEMT characterization was performed by High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of methanolic extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, phlobatanin, quinones, coumarins, cardiac glycosides and proteins. The quantitative phytochemical screenings in terms of total alkaloids, total flavonoids, total phenolic, total proteins and DPPH scavenging activity of MEMT were found to be 13 ± 0.034 mg/g, 0.06±0.003 mg/g, 0.08 ±0.012 mg/g, 0.29 ± 0.071 mg/g and 62.12 ± 0.250 %. From the HPTLC results, the Rf Conclusion: From our results, we found that the proposed HPLC method is fast, discriminating, requires trouble-free sample preparation procedure, and regarded as a good method for quantification in different plant extracts and for regular quality control of herbal formulations. values of scopoletin and rutin were calculated as 0.55 and 0.24. Scopoletin and Rutin content of MEMT was 1.58 and 1.88 % w/w of air dried to extract by HPLC. GC-MS analysis of the MEMT showed the presence of compounds like scopolamine, a secondary metabolite and Malvidin-3, 5-diglucoside, an anthocyanin and a glycoside, as main constituents.

Green synthesis of crystalline silver nanoparticles using Indigofera aspalathoides - medicinal plant extract for wound healing applications

Asian Journal of Chemistry

A simple biological green synthesis of Silver nanoparticles for wound healing applications was de... more A simple biological green synthesis of Silver nanoparticles for wound healing applications was developed using medicinal plant Indigofera aspalathoides. The exploitation of various medicinal plant materials for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles is considered a green technology as it does not involve any harmful chemicals. In the present study an aqueous leaf extract of Indigofera aspalathoides was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles for wound healing applications. Bioreduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) were used to synthesis silver nanoparticles using aqueous plant extracts. Water-soluble organics present in the plant materials are responsible to reduce the silver ions to nano-sized Ag particles. The green synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy; scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The kinetics of reduction of aqueous silver ions during reaction with the In...

Radioprotective Properties Of Casein Phospho Peptides ( CPP ) In Gamma Irradiated Animal Models

In search of radioprotective food supplement the antigenotoxic role of casein phospho peptides (C... more In search of radioprotective food supplement the antigenotoxic role of casein phospho peptides (CPP) from fermented milk were tested in animal models using fish and Swiss albino mice. The antigenotoxic property was assayed by comparing the number of micronuclei, binucleated and multinucleated erythrocytes formed in the unfed control mice and fish with the CPP fed test mice and fish cells. The antigenotoxic property of CPP proved of it'sradioprotective nature. This potential can be harnessed to develop a new class of radioprotectivenutraceuticals which would be of immense help as food supplement for workers working with low background radiation and who are in constant exposure to natural radiation.

The Use of Biocaulk in Bioremediation of Concrete Fractures and Fissures by Bacillus sphaericus

Cement and Concrete Research

Characterization and Applications of Biocement enchanced with Carbon Nanotubes for improved Remediation on cracked Concrete structures

Asian Journal of Chemistry

A bacterial bio-sealant known as calcite is used to seal cracks and holes in buildings and monume... more A bacterial bio-sealant known as calcite is used to seal cracks and holes in buildings and monuments. We have attempted to enhance the production and application of carbonnano tubes withbiosealant from Bacillus sphaericuswith concrete cubes using mix design for the target compressive strength of 50 MPa by Response Surface Methodology. The optimized media was further optimized for pH and Nickel concentrations. The column designed for calcite production was packed with mixture of fine Norris sand, fly ash, urea, CaCl2; and the immobilized bacterial species Bacillus sphaericus. After 7 days of a production cycle, the fly ash mixture containing CaCO3was applied to artificially induced cracked cubes. The cubes were examined for the variation in their compressive strength at 50 MPa and inferred that compressive strength of calcite applied cubes showed increase in strength compared with cement mortar application. Biocaulkwith different ratios of carbon Nano tubes such as 2, 4 & 8 grams res...

Gymnemagenin – a Triterpene Saponin Prevents Γ-Radiation Induced Cellular Dna Damage

Gymnema sylvestre an ethno-medicinally important plant was investigated for its protecting activi... more Gymnema sylvestre an ethno-medicinally important plant was investigated for its protecting activity against radiation induced DNA damage. The major bioactive component present in Gymnema sylvestre such as gymnemic acid and gymnemagenin a triterpene saponin, were tested for its radioprotective effects against 60Co irradiation induced DNA damage in fish model using fresh water fish Pangasius sutchi. Fishes subjected to a dose of 133 Gy of gamma radiation and observed for eight days. The genotoxic assessment by micronucleus assay showed us that that the plant extract helped in reducing the frequency of micronucleated and binucleated erythrocytes compared to the irradiated control group. The genotoxic assessment by alkaline comet assay by single gel electrophoresis shows that pretreatment with the plant extract appreciably decreased the percentage of tail DNA towards the levels close to those of normal control group. The gradual increase in the level of the antioxidant enzymes: superoxi...

Biofunctionalized Gold Nanoparticles Synthesis From Gymnema Sylvestre And Its Preliminary Anticancer Activity

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objective: Administration of G. sylvestre extract to rats increased superoxide dismutase activity... more Objective: Administration of G. sylvestre extract to rats increased superoxide dismutase activity and decreased lipid peroxide by directly scavenging the reactive oxygen species, due to the presence of various antioxidant compounds, or by increasing the synthesis of antioxidant molecules. Methods: The gold nanoparticles were bio-functionlized using the bioactive compounds from the aqueous extract of G. sylvestre. And characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for size and shape. The characterized bio-functionalized G. sylvestre GGNPs were tested for its in-vitro anticancer activity against human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Results: Bio-functionlized G. sylvestre GGNPs showed the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) band at 540 nm. The SEM Images showed the spherical shaped nanoparticles at an average of 72.8 nm and furth...

Ingestion of 210PO by Public Residing in and Around Kalpakkam Through Dietary Source

The distribution of naturally occurring radionuclide Polonium-210 (210Po) activity in dietary sou... more The distribution of naturally occurring radionuclide Polonium-210 (210Po) activity in dietary source of Kalpakkam, Nuclear Power Plant, Tamil Nadu and its nearby region was studied. The 210Po was analyzed in the food materials consumed by the male and female individuals (he/she) living in the study area of Kalpakkam (nuclear power plant) was done by 24-hr Duplicate Diet Study (DDS) and Market Basket Study (MBS). The MBS was done by collecting the food materials such as, cereals, fruits, nuts, leafy vegetables, other vegetables, fish, meat and milk collected from the study area. The DDS was done by collecting the food materials including the beverages consumed in 24 h from different age groups of male and female individuals living in surroundings of Kalpakkam. The intake and ingestion dose of the radionuclide 210Po was estimated. The mean concentration of 210Po in DDS (n=33) was found to be 36 mBq.kg–1 of fresh weight. The MBS was collected based on food consumption representing more...

Diagnostics And Therapeutic Application of Gold Nanoparticles

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Recent years with advancement in the synthesis of a variety of nanomaterial’s, it has become a su... more Recent years with advancement in the synthesis of a variety of nanomaterial’s, it has become a surge of interest in the use of nanoparticles due to their astonishing range of applications. Size effects and multifunctionality are the main characteristics of nanoparticles. Super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, quantum dots, silver and gold nanoparticles are the most widely studied nanoparticles. Among these, gold nanoparticles have attracted intense interest, because of their unique physical and chemical properties, optical properties, ease of synthesis, surface modification, less toxicity, biocompatibility, and ease of detection. This review presents the overview of the applications of gold nanoparticles in biomedical research.

Uranium Induced Ros and Its Antioxidant Defense Molecules, Genotoxicity Assessment in Iridescent Shark (Pangasius Sutchi)

The potential adverse effects of uranium (U) contamination in the aquatic environment to living o... more The potential adverse effects of uranium (U) contamination in the aquatic environment to living organisms have been debated during the recent years. In order to understand the effect and mode of action (MoA) of U in vivo, the iridescent shark (Pangasius sutchi) were exposed to Yo and Yz LC50 waterborne uranyl nitrate in a static system till 21 days. The accumulation of U concentrations in the muscle, brain, gill and liver were analyzed by ICP-MS. The results clearly showed higher accumulation of U in the gills, and the accumulation were in the order of magnitude as gills> liver> Brain> tissue. Dose dependent effects of uranium on hepatic antioxidant defenses like super oxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidase were observed and the ideal concentration-response relationships were observed at the highest U concentration. The DNA fragmentation analysis by comet assay and cell viability by flow cytometric analysis was performed at different time intervals. The whole blood ...

Potential Anti-Cancer Properties of Bio Functionalized Gold and Silver Nanoparticles from Gymnema Sylvestre

Herbal medicine based on plant extracts for treatment of various diseases is a common practice si... more Herbal medicine based on plant extracts for treatment of various diseases is a common practice since ancient time and it is an important aspect of health management. Gymnema sylvestre is an ethno-pharmacologically important medicinal plant used in many poly-herbal formulations for its potential health benefits. It has potential medicinal properties against diabetics, obesity, cancer, inflammation etc. In comparison with many meŹtal nanoparticles, gold and silver (SNP) nanoparticles are characterized by its unique physical, chemical, biological properties for functional activities. Ease of surface modification, unique optical properties make them a prominent contributor in cancer therapy. In this study we investigated the anticancer activities of bio functionalized GNP and SNP Gymnema sylvestre were characterized by Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), an...