Papers by Brigitte Neuray
From the 1 st century, glass found in northern Europe was made from a mix of sand and natron that... more From the 1 st century, glass found in northern Europe was made from a mix of sand and natron that had to be imported from eastern Mediterranean [1]. After the fall of the Roman Empire, glassmakers could either recycle existing glass or continue to import material. Then, around the end of the 8 th century, the first testimonies of potash glass, made with sand and trees ashes, are attested [1]. This type of glass would then prevail but the reasons and mechanisms of its appearance remain beyond understanding. They could be linked to the development of architecture and the growing needs of window glass. Founded in the middle of the VII th century, the abbey of Stavelot was a first time ruined by Vikings in 881. In the destruction levels, hundreds fragments of window glass were found [2]. 34 fragments were analysed in PIXE-PIGE at the cyclotron of the Institute of Nuclear and Atomic Physics and of Spectrometry of the University of Liège. The results show coexistence of both natron and potash glass on the site, even in the same archaeological contexts. For the coloration, the recipes to obtain turquoise or amber glass were comparable to those known on other early medieval sites [3], but to make green potash glass the artisans have used to two types of recipes. This shows the need to carry on researches and analysis on early medieval window glass in order to understand its production techniques that are also at the origin of famous gothic stained glassPeer reviewe
This paper concerns the early medieval window glass from the monastery of Stavelot. The number of... more This paper concerns the early medieval window glass from the monastery of Stavelot. The number of fragments, the surface and the quality of conservation are quite exceptional,and Stavelot is as a very important site for the study of ancient glass, particularly glass from the early Middle Ages, about which little is still known. Beside their interest for the history of the site and its comprehension, these glass artifacts give us the possibility of tackling the history of the stained-glass window and glass fabrication techniques. The archaeological study allows us to quantify and characterize the fragments (shapes, colors, shaping techniques). The analyses in PIXE-PIGE provide us with the glass composition. The coexistence of soda and potash glass in the same archaeological contexts, points out compositional groups revealing various recipes. This also allows us to learn about the coloration process. Finally, the question of glass production on the site is debated.
Va Vie Archeologique, 2002
Archeologia, 1998
... Une analyse poussée de ce contexte fut alors entreprise selon différentes voies dont celles r... more ... Une analyse poussée de ce contexte fut alors entreprise selon différentes voies dont celles relevant des sciences historiques et physico-chimiques. Wibald était conseiller et diplomate impérial de l'empereur Conrad III Revue / Journal Title. Archeologia ISSN 0570-6270 ...
Cet article a pour sujet les vitraux alto-medievaux du monastere de Stavelot. Le nombre tres impo... more Cet article a pour sujet les vitraux alto-medievaux du monastere de Stavelot. Le nombre tres important de fragments, la grande surface de verre representee et leur qualite de conservation font de Stavelot un site exceptionnel pour l’etude des verres anciens, en particulier ceux du haut Moyen Âge qui restent encore peu connus. Outre leur interet pour l’histoire du site et sa comprehension, ces artefacts nous offrent la possibilite d’aborder d’une part l’histoire du vitrail et d’autre part l’histoire des techniques verrieres. L’etude archeologique permet de quantifier et de caracteriser les fragments (formes, couleurs, techniques de fabrication). Les analyses en PIXE-PIGE nous donnent leur composition chimique. En prime de la coexistence de verre potassique et sodique au sein de memes contextes, celle-ci met en exergue des groupes de compositions dans ces deux ensembles revelant des recettes de fabrication variees. Elle nous permet aussi d’aborder les procedes de coloration. Enfin, la...
ArchéoSciences, 2014
Cet article a pour sujet les vitraux alto-médiévaux du monastère de Stavelot. Le nombre très impo... more Cet article a pour sujet les vitraux alto-médiévaux du monastère de Stavelot. Le nombre très important de fragments, la grande surface de verre représentée et leur qualité de conservation font de Stavelot un site exceptionnel pour l'étude des verres anciens, en particulier ceux du haut Moyen Âge qui restent encore peu connus. Outre leur intérêt pour l'histoire du site et sa compréhension, ces artefacts nous of rent la possibilité d'aborder d'une part l'histoire du vitrail et d'autre part l'histoire des techniques verrières. L'étude archéologique permet de quantii er et de caractériser les fragments (formes, couleurs, techniques de fabrication). Les analyses en PIXE-PIGE nous donnent leurs compositions chimiques. En prime de la coexistence de verre potassique et sodique au sein de mêmes contextes, celle-ci met en exergue des groupes de compositions dans ces deux ensembles révélant des recettes de fabrication variées. Elle nous permet aussi d'aborder les procédés de coloration. Eni n, la question de la production de verre sur le site est évoquée.
Early Medieval Tesserae in Northwestern Europe, 2018
Archaeologia Mediaevalis Chronique 41, p.172-173., 2018
Archaeologia Mediaevalis Chronique 43, p.70. , 2020
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T h i s a r t i c l e a p p e a r e d i n " A r c h e o s c i e n c e s " j o u r n a l p u b l i... more T h i s a r t i c l e a p p e a r e d i n " A r c h e o s c i e n c e s " j o u r n a l p u b l i s h e d b y P r e s s e s u n i v e r s i t a i r e s d e R e n n e s. T h e a t t a c h e d c o p y i s f u r n i s h e d t o t h e a u t h o r f o r i n t e r n a l n o n-c o m m e r c i a l r e s e a r c h a n d e d u c a t i o n u s e , i n c l u d i n g f o r i n s t r u c t i o n a t t h e a u t h o r s i n s t i t u t i o n a n d s h a r i n g w i t h c o l l e a g u e s. O t h e r u s e s , i n c l u d i n g r e p r o d u c t i o n , d i s t r i b u t i o n , s e l l i n g o r l i c e n s i n g c o p i e s , o r p o s t i n g t o p e r s o n a l , i n s t i t u t i o n a l o r t h i r d p a r t y w e b s i t e s a r e p r o h i b i t e d. A u t h o r s a r e p e r m i t t e d t o p o s t t h e i r v e r s i o n o f t h e a r t i c l e (e. g. i n Wo r d o r Te x f o r m) t o t h e i r p e r s o n a l w e b s i t e o r i n s t i t u t i o n a l r e p o s i t o r y.
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Papers by Brigitte Neuray