Papers by Agustin Ortiz
Heritage , 2023
This study examines the legal challenges related to preserving sunken military vessels as Underwa... more This study examines the legal challenges related to preserving sunken military vessels as Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) in Colombia. These challenges include Spanish galleon shipwrecks, limited international cooperation, and the lack of legal recognition for sunken military vessels under domestic law (Law 1675 of 2013). To address these issues, this article reviews the concepts of warship and sovereign immunity as they relate to the status of sunken military vessels. The study places a particular focus on the USS Kearsarge, a military shipwreck in Colombian territorial waters protected by the Sunken Military Craft Act of 2004 (SMCA) of the United States. Additionally, it analyzes the legal frameworks and management of UCH in both Colombia and the United States, as well as providing two lists of Colombia’s sunken military vessels and foreign sunken military vessels in its waters. The research concludes by highlighting the complexities of managing UCH in Colombia and offering a prospectus on the future of the USS Kearsarge wreck site as shared heritage. Ultimately, this study underscores the need for a more comprehensive legal framework and greater international cooperation to ensure the preservation and protection of sunken military vessels in Colombia.
At the moment, the majority of submerged aircraft knowledge comes from non-academic sources. Ther... more At the moment, the majority of submerged aircraft knowledge comes from non-academic sources. There is a lack of knowledge regarding submerged aircraft because historically speaking they had more of an economic value rather than academic. However, the need to interact with submerged aircraft due to an increase of sea activities such as diving and other commercial activity has left a gap in our understanding of this submerged heritage. Although the amount of academic research on submerged aircraft has vastly increased over the last ten years, there is still a larger body of knowledge made up of non-academic sources. And at times these non-academic sources are often overlooked by researchers, but may potentially have useful information for future studies of aircraft wrecks. The main question this study tries to answer is how to properly examine these aircraft by analyzing legislation, media, and perceptions of submerged WW II aircraft in order to identify their archaeological potential. The perceptions and research potential of three submerged WW II aircraft studies will be used as case studies to examine this question and others pertaining to the study of submerged WW II aircraft. The culmination of the study will result in recommendations for the management of the Black Jack Wreck.
I øjeblikket kommer størstedelen af vores viden om flyvrag under vand fra ikke-akademiske kilder. Der er en mangel på viden omkring flyvrag under vand, fordi historisk set, har de haft en mere økonomisk, end en akademisk værdi. Behovet for at interagere med sunkne fly, grundet en stigning i hav aktiviteter, såsom dykning og anden kommerciel aktivitet, har forårsaget at Ortiz 281089 forståelsen af denne undersøiske kulturarv er mangelfuld. Selv om mængden af akademisk forskning af flyvrag under vand er steget væsentligt de sidste ti år, stammer størstedelen stadig fra ikke-akademiske kilder. Ofte overser forskere disse ikke-akademiske undersøgelser, på trods af at de potentielt kan have nyttige oplysninger til fremtidige studier af flyvrag. Det primære spørgsmål, denne undersøgelse forsøger at besvare, er hvorledes man korrekt undersøger flyvrag, ved at analysere lovgivning, medier, og forståelsen af sunkne fly fra anden verdenskrig for at identificere deres arkæologiske potentiale. Forskningspotentialet samt forståelsen af undersøgelser af tre anden verdenskrigs flyvrag under vand, vil anvendes som casestudies til at undersøge dette og andre spørgsmål i studiet af flyvrag under vand fra anden verdenskrig. Kulminationen af undersøgelsen vil resultere i et forslag til håndteringen af Black Jack Wreck.
Lost in Action, Navy's Missing Training and Experimental Aircraft: A NAS Pax River Case Study
Remote Sensing, 2021
The objective of this project is to create a new implementation of a deep learning model that use... more The objective of this project is to create a new implementation of a deep learning model that uses digital elevation data to detect shipwrecks automatically and rapidly over a large geographic area. This work is intended to apply a new methodology to the field of underwater archaeology. Shipwrecks represent a major resource to understand maritime human activity over millennia, but underwater archaeology is expensive, misappropriated, and hazardous. An automated tool to rapidly detect and map shipwrecks can therefore be used to create more accurate maps of natural and archaeological features to aid management objectives, study patterns across the landscape, and find new features. Additionally, more comprehensive and accurate shipwreck maps can help to prioritize site selection and plan excavation. The model is based on open source topo-bathymetric data and shipwreck data for the United States available from NOAA. The model uses transfer learning to compensate for a relatively small s...
The Navy’s Ultimate Piston-Engine Fighter: An Investigation of a Submerged Experimental Bearcat
Society for Historical Archaeology, 2019
Journal of Maritime Archaeology, 2018
In August 2017, a multidisciplinary team conducted the first archaeological survey of the deep wa... more In August 2017, a multidisciplinary team conducted the first archaeological survey of the deep water (242 m) wreck of the ex-USS Bugara (SS/AGSS331) using the remotely operated vehicles Argus and Hercules. The survey provided 8 h of direct observation with video and still camera documentation of the wreck, which previously had been identified by sonar and a brief ROV survey of portions of the hull in 2001. The 2017 assessment added considerably to an understanding of changes to Bugara after it sank while under tow in 1971. Bugara, a World War II-era submarine, served at the end of that conflict and through the Cold War. The submarine reflects a series of modifications to “modernize” it within the context of the Cold War. The examination of the wreck, along with additional archival research, offers more details not only on the probable cause of the sinking but also on subsequent site formation processes. The characterization of the wreck resulted in a reassessment of the site as more than an obsolete vessel accidentally lost when relegated to target practice. The archival record, now declassified, shows that Bugara’s loss also reflects its ultimate use, within the context of the Cold War, as a target for the Mark 48 torpedo, a newly developed “sub and ship killing” weapon designed in the late 1960s and tested through 1971 to take out Soviet deep-diving nuclear submarines and high-performance surface ships.
Posters by Agustin Ortiz
Presentations by Agustin Ortiz
Uploads
Papers by Agustin Ortiz
I øjeblikket kommer størstedelen af vores viden om flyvrag under vand fra ikke-akademiske kilder. Der er en mangel på viden omkring flyvrag under vand, fordi historisk set, har de haft en mere økonomisk, end en akademisk værdi. Behovet for at interagere med sunkne fly, grundet en stigning i hav aktiviteter, såsom dykning og anden kommerciel aktivitet, har forårsaget at Ortiz 281089 forståelsen af denne undersøiske kulturarv er mangelfuld. Selv om mængden af akademisk forskning af flyvrag under vand er steget væsentligt de sidste ti år, stammer størstedelen stadig fra ikke-akademiske kilder. Ofte overser forskere disse ikke-akademiske undersøgelser, på trods af at de potentielt kan have nyttige oplysninger til fremtidige studier af flyvrag. Det primære spørgsmål, denne undersøgelse forsøger at besvare, er hvorledes man korrekt undersøger flyvrag, ved at analysere lovgivning, medier, og forståelsen af sunkne fly fra anden verdenskrig for at identificere deres arkæologiske potentiale. Forskningspotentialet samt forståelsen af undersøgelser af tre anden verdenskrigs flyvrag under vand, vil anvendes som casestudies til at undersøge dette og andre spørgsmål i studiet af flyvrag under vand fra anden verdenskrig. Kulminationen af undersøgelsen vil resultere i et forslag til håndteringen af Black Jack Wreck.
Posters by Agustin Ortiz
Presentations by Agustin Ortiz
I øjeblikket kommer størstedelen af vores viden om flyvrag under vand fra ikke-akademiske kilder. Der er en mangel på viden omkring flyvrag under vand, fordi historisk set, har de haft en mere økonomisk, end en akademisk værdi. Behovet for at interagere med sunkne fly, grundet en stigning i hav aktiviteter, såsom dykning og anden kommerciel aktivitet, har forårsaget at Ortiz 281089 forståelsen af denne undersøiske kulturarv er mangelfuld. Selv om mængden af akademisk forskning af flyvrag under vand er steget væsentligt de sidste ti år, stammer størstedelen stadig fra ikke-akademiske kilder. Ofte overser forskere disse ikke-akademiske undersøgelser, på trods af at de potentielt kan have nyttige oplysninger til fremtidige studier af flyvrag. Det primære spørgsmål, denne undersøgelse forsøger at besvare, er hvorledes man korrekt undersøger flyvrag, ved at analysere lovgivning, medier, og forståelsen af sunkne fly fra anden verdenskrig for at identificere deres arkæologiske potentiale. Forskningspotentialet samt forståelsen af undersøgelser af tre anden verdenskrigs flyvrag under vand, vil anvendes som casestudies til at undersøge dette og andre spørgsmål i studiet af flyvrag under vand fra anden verdenskrig. Kulminationen af undersøgelsen vil resultere i et forslag til håndteringen af Black Jack Wreck.