Papers by Michael Granaas
individuals, but it may not be republished in any medium without express written consent from the... more individuals, but it may not be republished in any medium without express written consent from the author and advance notification of the editor. Rumsey (2009) suggests that those of us teaching introductory statistics courses should cease teaching the variance (s 2). She points out that: 1. Variance is taught, used to find the standard deviation, then never mentioned again. 2. The variance is in square units which are difficult to interpret. 3. It is more important to be able to interpret the statistical quantities than it is to compute those quantities with ease by hand. 4. Ease of hand computation is not facilitated by finding the variance and then taking the square root to find the standard deviation. I agree that ease of hand computation is not a valid reason to continue teaching the variance. I also agree that interpretation is of utmost importance and that square units are challenging to interpret. However, not all of us abandon the variance once the standard deviation is intr...
For many years null hypothesis testing (NHT) has been the dominant form of statistical analysis i... more For many years null hypothesis testing (NHT) has been the dominant form of statistical analysis in psychology. It has also been subject to periodic criticisms from within the field of psychology. In the past decade these occasional criticisms have turned into a more or less steady stream which have lead some to call for an outright ban on NHT in psychology, while others have called for greater use of alternative procedures. The solution lies neither in banning NHT nor in relying solely on alternative procedures, but in “reforming ” NHT, replacing a-theoretical null hypotheses with theoretically meaningful hypotheses. Such reform requires that training of researchers emphasize parameter estimation and the testing of theoretical models, an approach that exists in some areas of psychology and appears to be common in other sciences. Such an emphasis will help ensure that the statistical hypothesis being tested matches the substantive hypothesis of interest. I will discuss the changes th...
Enhancing the usability of Mission Control Center (MCC) CRT displays stands to improve the qualit... more Enhancing the usability of Mission Control Center (MCC) CRT displays stands to improve the quality, productivity, and safety of flight-test research at the NASA Ames-Dryden Flight Research Facility. The results of this research suggests that much can be done to assist the user and improve the quality of flight research through the enhancement of current displays. This research has applications to a variety of flight data monitoring displays.
: This study was to confirm the military specification of toggle switch spacing for gloved operat... more : This study was to confirm the military specification of toggle switch spacing for gloved operators. An examination of toggle switch operations with five different glove types was conducted: a butyl and cotton glove assembly, a butyl and nomex glove assembly, a leather and wool glove assembly, a firefighting glove, and a vinyl glove. Subjects were required to operate a sequence of four switches in a 3 by 3 array. Three switch spacings were investigated: 15 mm, 20 mm, and 25 mm. Half the subjects operated toggle switches located directly in front of them, and the other half operated switches located behind them, in a position where the switches could not be seen. Subjects were required to activate the toggle switches in specific sequences as quickly and as accurately as possible. The task was machine-paced, and the time allowed for operation of a sequence of switches became progressively shorter as the subject was able to continue correct operation. Each subject performed the task b...
: This study was to test the effects of wearing gloves during tracking performance at different l... more : This study was to test the effects of wearing gloves during tracking performance at different levels of elastic resistance in a control. Forty-eight undergraduate students served as subjects. Each group contained 16 subjects, one group for each level of control resistance. The control was a spring-centered displacement joystick with resistance settings of 0,12 and 1702. All subjects performed a compensatory tracking task both bare-handed and while wearing a leather and wool glove assembly. Results indicated that (a) wearing gloves is detrimental to tracking performance for female subjects, (b) female subjects do not benefit from additional exposure to the task before performing the task with gloves as do male subjects, (c) high control resistance may have been beneficial for female subjects during the gloved condition, and (d) small handed female subjects do not perform as well as medium and large handed female subjects, nor as well as male subjects.
Research was conducted to determine if Automated Speech Recognition (ASR) accuracy for exerted sp... more Research was conducted to determine if Automated Speech Recognition (ASR) accuracy for exerted speakers could be improved by modifying the enrollment conditions to more closely match use conditions. Participants were asked to complete ASR enrollment procedures under one of three levels of physical exertion, rested, mild, and hard exertion. After completing the enrollment procedures, subjects read a portion of a short newspaper article into the computer at each level of exertion. Recognition percentages for rested, mild, and hard exertion speaker states across enrollment exertion levels were computed and compared. Across the levels of exertion, changing the enrollment procedures to match the test condition had a significant impact on recognition accuracy. For participants who trained while rested and under mild exertion, recognition accuracy declined sharply as the level of exertion at testing increased. Recognition accuracy declined only slightly across testing conditions for partic...
For many years null hypothesis testing (NHT) has been the dominant form of statistical analysis i... more For many years null hypothesis testing (NHT) has been the dominant form of statistical analysis in psychology. It has also been subject to periodic criticisms from within the field of psychology. In the past decade these occasional criticisms have turned into a more or less steady stream which have lead some to call for an outright ban on NHT in psychology, while others have called for greater use of alternative procedures. The solution lies neither in banning NHT nor in relying solely on alternative procedures, but in “reforming” NHT, replacing a-theoretical null hypotheses with theoretically meaningful hypotheses. Such reform requires that training of researchers emphasize parameter estimation and the testing of theoretical models, an approach that exists in some areas of psychology and appears to be common in other sciences. Such an emphasis will help ensure that the statistical hypothesis being tested matches the substantive hypothesis of interest. I will discuss the changes tha...
Journal of Statistics Education, Mar 1, 2010
This text may be freely shared among individuals, but it may not be republished in any medium wit... more This text may be freely shared among individuals, but it may not be republished in any medium without express written consent from the author and advance notification of the editor. Rumsey (2009) suggests that those of us teaching introductory statistics courses should cease teaching the variance (s 2). She points out that:
Page 1. AD-A256 894 Z11T Technical Memorandum 7-92 00 GLOVED OPERATOR PERFORMANCE STUDY Jan Berkh... more Page 1. AD-A256 894 Z11T Technical Memorandum 7-92 00 GLOVED OPERATOR PERFORMANCE STUDY Jan Berkhout ,44 Glen Anderson Michelle McCleerey Michael Granaas DTIC University of South Dakota F:C TrF September 1992 AMCMS Code 612716H700011 ...
... PE: 6.27.16 6. AUITHOR(S) Michelle McCleerey. Jan Berkhout, Glen Anderson. Michael Grna 7. PE... more ... PE: 6.27.16 6. AUITHOR(S) Michelle McCleerey. Jan Berkhout, Glen Anderson. Michael Grna 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) ... Switches for Operation with Gloves Michelle McCleerey Jan Berkhout Glen Anderson Michael Granaas ...
For many years null hypothesis testing (NHT) has been the dominant form of statistical analysis i... more For many years null hypothesis testing (NHT) has been the dominant form of statistical analysis in psychology. It has also been subject to periodic criticisms from within the field of psychology. In the past decade these occasional criticisms have turned into a more or less steady stream which have lead some to call for an outright ban on NHT in psychology, while others have called for greater use of alternative procedures. The solution lies neither in banning NHT nor in relying solely on alternative procedures, but in "reforming" NHT, replacing a-theoretical null hypotheses with theoretically meaningful hypotheses. Such reform requires that training of researchers emphasize parameter estimation and the testing of theoretical models, an approach that exists in some areas of psychology and appears to be common in other sciences. Such an emphasis will help ensure that the statistical hypothesis being tested matches the substantive hypothesis of interest. I will discuss the changes that are occurring in psychology and propose further changes that are still needed.
Journal of College Counseling, 2001
Screening clients at intake for symptoms of depression can be beneficial, provided the instrument... more Screening clients at intake for symptoms of depression can be beneficial, provided the instrument used is reliable and valid. The psychometric properties of the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were examined using an ethnically diverse sample of 324 counseling center clients. Results provided moderate support for the SDS. Differences across demographic groups and considerations for intake screening are discussed.
27th Aerospace Sciences Meeting, 1989
Page 1. NASA Technical Memorandum 100450 Techniques for Optimizing Human-Machine Information Tran... more Page 1. NASA Technical Memorandum 100450 Techniques for Optimizing Human-Machine Information Transfer Related to Real-Time Interactive Display Systems Michael M. Granaas and Donald C. Rhea January 1969 NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration ...
Human factors, 1984
Page 1. HUMAN FACTORS, 1984,26(1),97-104 Reading Moving Text on a CRTScreen MICHAEL M. GRANAAS, T... more Page 1. HUMAN FACTORS, 1984,26(1),97-104 Reading Moving Text on a CRTScreen MICHAEL M. GRANAAS, TIMOTHY D. McKAY, R. DARRELL LAHAM, LANCE D. HURT, and JAMES F. JUOLA, I Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas I ...
Psychological Reports, 1992
Previous research suggests that interactive imagery produces memory performance superior to separ... more Previous research suggests that interactive imagery produces memory performance superior to separation imagery, although the effects of instructions are less clear. Paired-associate learning was used to examine the effects of instructions (general memory, separation imagery, and interactive imagery) on recall, the frequency of using memory strategies (nonimaginal, separate image, and interactive image), and strategies' effectiveness. The numbers of correctly recalled items were fewer for subjects given general memory instructions than for subjects given separation or interactive imagery instructions which were not different from each other. Subjects reported using a variety of strategies. However, subjects given separation imagery instructions were more likely to report an interactive image than a separate image, and equally as likely to use interactive imagery as subjects given interactive imagery instructions. The present data suggest that subjects can effectively use a variet...
Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 1989
Emerson(1988) provided a simpleC-language timing routine for use with PC ATclass machines. Unfort... more Emerson(1988) provided a simpleC-language timing routine for use with PC ATclass machines. Unfortunately, this version of the timing routine makes use of nonstandard functions that are not available in all C-Ianguage packages. A modified version of this timing routine that does not make use ofone ofthese nonstandard functions is provided. This version of TIMEX runs under the widely available Microsoft C 5.1. The need and availability of the remaining four nonstandard C functions is discussed. Constants needed to convert the timing routine units into seconds and milliseconds are also provided.
American Psychologist, 1998
Page 1. In summary, Hagen (1997) argued that "it is unlikely that we will ever be able to di... more Page 1. In summary, Hagen (1997) argued that "it is unlikely that we will ever be able to divorce ourselves from that [statistical test] logic even if someday we decide that we want to" (p. 22). However, notwithstanding this representation ...
PsycEXTRA Dataset, 1988
Work at NASA's Western Aeronautical Test Range (WATR) has demonstrated the need for increased con... more Work at NASA's Western Aeronautical Test Range (WATR) has demonstrated the need for increased consideration of psychological factors in the design of computer displays for the WATR mission control centers. These factors include color perception, memory load, and cognitive processing abilities. A review of relevant work in the human factors psychology area is provided to demonstrate the need for this awareness. The information provided should be relevant in control room settings where computerized displays axe being used.
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Papers by Michael Granaas