Psychopathic personality traits are positively associated with externalising behaviours, and nega... more Psychopathic personality traits are positively associated with externalising behaviours, and negatively associated with internalising behaviours. However, the contribution of different facets of psychopathy (boldness, meanness, disinhibition) in explaining externalising and internalising behaviours across genders are inconsistent. In this study, we explored gender differences in the assessment of, and relationships between, psychopathic personality traits, trait anxiety, social anxiety, depression, mental health, and aggressive behaviour in 822 students from (…) (586 women, 236 men; Mage = 22.27). Using a structural equation model, we found a positive relationship between aggressive behaviour and all three facets of psychopathy, a positive relationship between internalising behaviours and disinhibition, and a significant negative relationship between internalising behaviours and boldness. Despite gender differences in absolute levels of these variables, the overall pattern of the relationships between variables was consistent across genders. This indicates that symptom level differences across gender cannot be accounted for by variation in early developing personality traits like psychopathy.
The term "phubbing" is a portmanteau of "phone" and "snubbing", representing interruptions in fac... more The term "phubbing" is a portmanteau of "phone" and "snubbing", representing interruptions in face-to-face interactions due to smartphones acting as a distractor. Phubbing has previously been associated with several negative relational and personal outcomes (i.e., reduced relationship satisfaction, low mood, and increased interpersonal conflict). The present study explored the consequences of partner phubbing on phubbee's (i.e., the recipient's) daily reports of relationship satisfaction and personal well-being. To extend current phubbing literature, we assessed how phubbees responded to being phubbed (ignoring, resentment, curiosity, retaliation, conflict) and their motivations for engaging in any retaliatory behaviours. Participants (N = 75) completed a 10day daily diary study, consisting of short baseline and daily measures (perceived partner phubbing, relationship satisfaction, depressed mood, anxious mood, self-esteem, anger/frustration, responses to phubbing, and, if applicable, motivations for retaliation). Results revealed phubbees reported lower relationship satisfaction and greater feelings of anger when daily perceived partner phubbing was high. Likewise, when perceived partner phubbing was high, phubbees reported greater curiosity, resentment, and retaliation. Revenge, need for support, and need for approval were all significant motivations for retaliation. Findings reinforced the emotional and behavioural impact of phubbing on the recipient.
We examine the role of narcissistic admiration and rivalry in consumers' word of mouth ab... more We examine the role of narcissistic admiration and rivalry in consumers' word of mouth about promotional games. We show that, although narcissistic admiration and rivalry are both positively associated with belief in good luck (Study 1), their associations with word of mouth in reference to a retailer diverge when consumers lose a chance-based promotional game (Study 2). Specifically, when consumers lose (but not win), narcissistic admiration is associated with more favorable word of mouth (i.e., leaving a positive review on a website), whereas narcissistic rivalry is associated with less favorable word of mouth. These diverging effects vary depending on the effort that consumers exert to participate in the game (Study 3), and are informed by authentic and hubristic pride (Study 4). Positive and negative affect do not account for the findings. The results provide further evidence of the distinct processes motivating self-enhancement among consumers higher in narcissistic admiration and rivalry.
In this chapter we examine the argument and evidence that a lack of empathy may lie at the core o... more In this chapter we examine the argument and evidence that a lack of empathy may lie at the core of narcissists’ chronic interpersonal inadequacies. Empathy is a key ingredient in facilitating smooth social interactions and maintaining interpersonal harmony. Empathy is linked with the promotion of prosocial and mitigation of antisocial behavior. We review the research showing that narcissism is inversely related to a whole host of empathy measures. This relationship pertains to both cognitive (e.g., understanding and considering another person’s viewpoint) and affective (e.g., vicariously experiencing another’s emotional state) forms of empathy. We argue that without taking another’s perspective and feeling their emotions, narcissists have no reason to curb their antisocial behavior or participate in prosocial acts. We delineate the negative consequences of narcissists’ low empathy for those around them and society at large. Such empirical evidence has determined low empathy to be a ...
A growing number of self-report measures aim to quantify interactions with social media in a path... more A growing number of self-report measures aim to quantify interactions with social media in a pathological behaviour framework; often using terminology focused on identifying those who are ‘addicted’ to engaging with others online. The measures of social media addiction report focus on motivations for online social information seeking, many of which could be motivations for offline social information seeking. It could be the case that these measures could reveal a pattern of friend addiction in general. The current study develops the Offline-Friend Addiction Questionnaire (O-FAQ) by re-wording items from highly cited pathological social use scales to reflect “spending time with friends” instead of “using Facebook”. Our methodology for validation follows literature precedent in social networking site addiction scales. The O-FAQ had a three-factor solution in an exploratory sample of N=807 and these factors were stable in a four-week retest (r=.72 to .86). The measure was validated aga...
The funders have no role in NZAVS study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish... more The funders have no role in NZAVS study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of scientific reports or manuscripts for publication using NZAVS data.
Narcissists are prone to conspicuous consumption, that is, preference for luxury over mundane pro... more Narcissists are prone to conspicuous consumption, that is, preference for luxury over mundane products. We analyze four reasons for their conspicuous consumption: positive distinctiveness (individuation and status), meaning in life, materialism, and sexual signaling. Empirical support for these reasons ranges from good to preliminary. We then discuss directions that this nascent literature could take. These include a consideration of different forms of narcissism (grandiose vs. vulnerable, agentic vs. communal, admirative vs. rivalrous), the value of experimentation in clarifying the causal flow from narcisissm to conspicuous consumption and also from conspicuous consumption to state narcissism, as well as the (mostly negative) consequences of conspicuous consumptions for narcisissm and society.
The aim of this study is to see if narcissists prefer symbolic (as opposed to utilitarian) produc... more The aim of this study is to see if narcissists prefer symbolic (as opposed to utilitarian) products and whether these symbolic preferences are associated with an increase in the presence of Meaning in Life (MIL). This study will be analysed with mediation analysis.
Phubbing was devised from the words "phone" and "snubbing", referring to bein... more Phubbing was devised from the words "phone" and "snubbing", referring to being ignored by an individual as they choose to use their phone instead (Roberts & David, 2016). As a form of technoference, phubbing occurs when the use of technology interferes with face-to-face communication. As technology becomes more prevalent in our daily interactions with others, it is unclear how it may affect the quality of in-person interactions and therefore, the relationship. Phubbing within romantic relationships seems to increase conflict, resulting in lowered relationship satisfaction and poorer individual well-being (Kelly, Miller-Ott & Duran, 2017). But do individuals retaliate as a response to being phubbed? If so, how do they retaliate? What moderates the relationship between phubbing and relationship satisfaction? Attachment style? Narcissism levels? The present study, using daily diary methods, explores how phubbing interferes with couple interactions and consequently, ...
A study to assess the effect Relationship Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and attachment style has ... more A study to assess the effect Relationship Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and attachment style has on an individuals relationship satisfaction and commitment after being exposed to either stimuli of either romantic couples or selfies.
Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 2021
Following the global outbreak of COVID-19 in March 2020, individuals report psychological distres... more Following the global outbreak of COVID-19 in March 2020, individuals report psychological distress associated with the “new normal”—social distancing, financial hardships, and increased responsibilities while working from home. Given the interpersonal nature of stress and coping responses between romantic partners, based on the systemic transactional model this study posits that perceived partner dyadic coping may be an important moderator between experiences of COVID-19 psychological distress and relationship quality. To examine these associations, self-report data from 14,020 people across 27 countries were collected during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic (March–July, 2020). It was hypothesized that higher symptoms of psychological distress would be reported post-COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID-19 restrictions (Hypothesis 1), reports of post-COVID-19 psychological distress would be negatively associated with relationship quality (Hypothesis 2), and perceived partner DC wo...
Does psychopathy predict professional success? Psychopathy and professional success are multidime... more Does psychopathy predict professional success? Psychopathy and professional success are multidimensional constructs, and thus certain elements of psychopathy may be related more strongly to certain elements of professional success. Also, psychopathic traits, comprising self-centered impulsivity, fearless dominance, and coldheartedness, may not predict professional success above and beyond the Big Five. We investigated whether self-centered impulsivity, fearless dominance, and coldheartedness predicted professional satisfaction (satisfaction with salary, with promotion, and with career) as well as material success (annual salary, number of promotions, and professional standing) in an occupational sample (N = 439). Selfcentered impulsivity was inversely related to professional satisfaction, whereas fearless dominance was positively related to professional satisfaction and material success. Coldheartedness was related to neither of them. Adding the Big Five, as well as participant gender and time in job, as predictors revealed that extraversion and selfcentered impulsivity predicted professional satisfaction, whereas only extraversion predicted material success; fearless dominance was no longer a significant predictor of material success. Taken together, self-centered impulsivity was negatively linked, whereas fearless dominance was positively linked, to professional success. The findings highlight the differential contribution of impulsiveness-versus fearlessnessrelated elements of psychopathic traits to professional satisfaction.
A screening measure for Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder and Overcontrolled disorders, F... more A screening measure for Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder and Overcontrolled disorders, Final version and scoring algorithm. Presented at the 5th Annual Psychology Postgraduate Conference, Department of Psychology, University of Southampton (3rd Prize) (poster presentation).
Psychopathic personality traits are positively associated with externalising behaviours, and nega... more Psychopathic personality traits are positively associated with externalising behaviours, and negatively associated with internalising behaviours. However, the contribution of different facets of psychopathy (boldness, meanness, disinhibition) in explaining externalising and internalising behaviours across genders are inconsistent. In this study, we explored gender differences in the assessment of, and relationships between, psychopathic personality traits, trait anxiety, social anxiety, depression, mental health, and aggressive behaviour in 822 students from (…) (586 women, 236 men; Mage = 22.27). Using a structural equation model, we found a positive relationship between aggressive behaviour and all three facets of psychopathy, a positive relationship between internalising behaviours and disinhibition, and a significant negative relationship between internalising behaviours and boldness. Despite gender differences in absolute levels of these variables, the overall pattern of the relationships between variables was consistent across genders. This indicates that symptom level differences across gender cannot be accounted for by variation in early developing personality traits like psychopathy.
The term "phubbing" is a portmanteau of "phone" and "snubbing", representing interruptions in fac... more The term "phubbing" is a portmanteau of "phone" and "snubbing", representing interruptions in face-to-face interactions due to smartphones acting as a distractor. Phubbing has previously been associated with several negative relational and personal outcomes (i.e., reduced relationship satisfaction, low mood, and increased interpersonal conflict). The present study explored the consequences of partner phubbing on phubbee's (i.e., the recipient's) daily reports of relationship satisfaction and personal well-being. To extend current phubbing literature, we assessed how phubbees responded to being phubbed (ignoring, resentment, curiosity, retaliation, conflict) and their motivations for engaging in any retaliatory behaviours. Participants (N = 75) completed a 10day daily diary study, consisting of short baseline and daily measures (perceived partner phubbing, relationship satisfaction, depressed mood, anxious mood, self-esteem, anger/frustration, responses to phubbing, and, if applicable, motivations for retaliation). Results revealed phubbees reported lower relationship satisfaction and greater feelings of anger when daily perceived partner phubbing was high. Likewise, when perceived partner phubbing was high, phubbees reported greater curiosity, resentment, and retaliation. Revenge, need for support, and need for approval were all significant motivations for retaliation. Findings reinforced the emotional and behavioural impact of phubbing on the recipient.
We examine the role of narcissistic admiration and rivalry in consumers' word of mouth ab... more We examine the role of narcissistic admiration and rivalry in consumers' word of mouth about promotional games. We show that, although narcissistic admiration and rivalry are both positively associated with belief in good luck (Study 1), their associations with word of mouth in reference to a retailer diverge when consumers lose a chance-based promotional game (Study 2). Specifically, when consumers lose (but not win), narcissistic admiration is associated with more favorable word of mouth (i.e., leaving a positive review on a website), whereas narcissistic rivalry is associated with less favorable word of mouth. These diverging effects vary depending on the effort that consumers exert to participate in the game (Study 3), and are informed by authentic and hubristic pride (Study 4). Positive and negative affect do not account for the findings. The results provide further evidence of the distinct processes motivating self-enhancement among consumers higher in narcissistic admiration and rivalry.
In this chapter we examine the argument and evidence that a lack of empathy may lie at the core o... more In this chapter we examine the argument and evidence that a lack of empathy may lie at the core of narcissists’ chronic interpersonal inadequacies. Empathy is a key ingredient in facilitating smooth social interactions and maintaining interpersonal harmony. Empathy is linked with the promotion of prosocial and mitigation of antisocial behavior. We review the research showing that narcissism is inversely related to a whole host of empathy measures. This relationship pertains to both cognitive (e.g., understanding and considering another person’s viewpoint) and affective (e.g., vicariously experiencing another’s emotional state) forms of empathy. We argue that without taking another’s perspective and feeling their emotions, narcissists have no reason to curb their antisocial behavior or participate in prosocial acts. We delineate the negative consequences of narcissists’ low empathy for those around them and society at large. Such empirical evidence has determined low empathy to be a ...
A growing number of self-report measures aim to quantify interactions with social media in a path... more A growing number of self-report measures aim to quantify interactions with social media in a pathological behaviour framework; often using terminology focused on identifying those who are ‘addicted’ to engaging with others online. The measures of social media addiction report focus on motivations for online social information seeking, many of which could be motivations for offline social information seeking. It could be the case that these measures could reveal a pattern of friend addiction in general. The current study develops the Offline-Friend Addiction Questionnaire (O-FAQ) by re-wording items from highly cited pathological social use scales to reflect “spending time with friends” instead of “using Facebook”. Our methodology for validation follows literature precedent in social networking site addiction scales. The O-FAQ had a three-factor solution in an exploratory sample of N=807 and these factors were stable in a four-week retest (r=.72 to .86). The measure was validated aga...
The funders have no role in NZAVS study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish... more The funders have no role in NZAVS study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of scientific reports or manuscripts for publication using NZAVS data.
Narcissists are prone to conspicuous consumption, that is, preference for luxury over mundane pro... more Narcissists are prone to conspicuous consumption, that is, preference for luxury over mundane products. We analyze four reasons for their conspicuous consumption: positive distinctiveness (individuation and status), meaning in life, materialism, and sexual signaling. Empirical support for these reasons ranges from good to preliminary. We then discuss directions that this nascent literature could take. These include a consideration of different forms of narcissism (grandiose vs. vulnerable, agentic vs. communal, admirative vs. rivalrous), the value of experimentation in clarifying the causal flow from narcisissm to conspicuous consumption and also from conspicuous consumption to state narcissism, as well as the (mostly negative) consequences of conspicuous consumptions for narcisissm and society.
The aim of this study is to see if narcissists prefer symbolic (as opposed to utilitarian) produc... more The aim of this study is to see if narcissists prefer symbolic (as opposed to utilitarian) products and whether these symbolic preferences are associated with an increase in the presence of Meaning in Life (MIL). This study will be analysed with mediation analysis.
Phubbing was devised from the words "phone" and "snubbing", referring to bein... more Phubbing was devised from the words "phone" and "snubbing", referring to being ignored by an individual as they choose to use their phone instead (Roberts & David, 2016). As a form of technoference, phubbing occurs when the use of technology interferes with face-to-face communication. As technology becomes more prevalent in our daily interactions with others, it is unclear how it may affect the quality of in-person interactions and therefore, the relationship. Phubbing within romantic relationships seems to increase conflict, resulting in lowered relationship satisfaction and poorer individual well-being (Kelly, Miller-Ott & Duran, 2017). But do individuals retaliate as a response to being phubbed? If so, how do they retaliate? What moderates the relationship between phubbing and relationship satisfaction? Attachment style? Narcissism levels? The present study, using daily diary methods, explores how phubbing interferes with couple interactions and consequently, ...
A study to assess the effect Relationship Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and attachment style has ... more A study to assess the effect Relationship Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and attachment style has on an individuals relationship satisfaction and commitment after being exposed to either stimuli of either romantic couples or selfies.
Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 2021
Following the global outbreak of COVID-19 in March 2020, individuals report psychological distres... more Following the global outbreak of COVID-19 in March 2020, individuals report psychological distress associated with the “new normal”—social distancing, financial hardships, and increased responsibilities while working from home. Given the interpersonal nature of stress and coping responses between romantic partners, based on the systemic transactional model this study posits that perceived partner dyadic coping may be an important moderator between experiences of COVID-19 psychological distress and relationship quality. To examine these associations, self-report data from 14,020 people across 27 countries were collected during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic (March–July, 2020). It was hypothesized that higher symptoms of psychological distress would be reported post-COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID-19 restrictions (Hypothesis 1), reports of post-COVID-19 psychological distress would be negatively associated with relationship quality (Hypothesis 2), and perceived partner DC wo...
Does psychopathy predict professional success? Psychopathy and professional success are multidime... more Does psychopathy predict professional success? Psychopathy and professional success are multidimensional constructs, and thus certain elements of psychopathy may be related more strongly to certain elements of professional success. Also, psychopathic traits, comprising self-centered impulsivity, fearless dominance, and coldheartedness, may not predict professional success above and beyond the Big Five. We investigated whether self-centered impulsivity, fearless dominance, and coldheartedness predicted professional satisfaction (satisfaction with salary, with promotion, and with career) as well as material success (annual salary, number of promotions, and professional standing) in an occupational sample (N = 439). Selfcentered impulsivity was inversely related to professional satisfaction, whereas fearless dominance was positively related to professional satisfaction and material success. Coldheartedness was related to neither of them. Adding the Big Five, as well as participant gender and time in job, as predictors revealed that extraversion and selfcentered impulsivity predicted professional satisfaction, whereas only extraversion predicted material success; fearless dominance was no longer a significant predictor of material success. Taken together, self-centered impulsivity was negatively linked, whereas fearless dominance was positively linked, to professional success. The findings highlight the differential contribution of impulsiveness-versus fearlessnessrelated elements of psychopathic traits to professional satisfaction.
A screening measure for Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder and Overcontrolled disorders, F... more A screening measure for Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder and Overcontrolled disorders, Final version and scoring algorithm. Presented at the 5th Annual Psychology Postgraduate Conference, Department of Psychology, University of Southampton (3rd Prize) (poster presentation).
Bush-Evans, R. D., Hart, C. M., Cisek, S., & Sedikides, C. (2017, July). Narcissus in the workpla... more Bush-Evans, R. D., Hart, C. M., Cisek, S., & Sedikides, C. (2017, July). Narcissus in the workplace: Is narcissism related to dysfunctional team behaviour and poor organisational outcomes? Poster presented at the EASP 2017 General Meeting, Granada, Spain.
Self-report studies often call for assessment of socially desirable responding. Many researchers ... more Self-report studies often call for assessment of socially desirable responding. Many researchers use the Marlowe-Crowne Scale for its brief versions; however, this scale is outdated, and contemporary models of social desirability emphasize its multi-dimensional nature. The 40-item Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) incorporates Self-Deceptive Enhancement (honest but overly positive responding) and Impression Management (bias toward pleasing others). However, its length limits its practicality. This article introduces the BIDR-16. In four studies, we shorten the BIDR from 40 items to 16 items, while retaining its two-factor structure, reliability, and validity. This short form will be invaluable to researchers wanting to assess social desirability when time is limited.
Uploads
Papers by Claire Hart