Papers by Miklós Palkovits
Journal of Neurochemistry, 2007
Acta physiologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
Verhandlungen der Anatomischen Gesellschaft
Acta physiologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
Twenty-four hours after isolation of the pituitary by surgical removal of the medial hypothalamus... more Twenty-four hours after isolation of the pituitary by surgical removal of the medial hypothalamus, i.e. in rats with pituitary island, E. coli endotoxin significantly increased the plasma corticosterone level. Atrophy of the neural lobe, due to pituitary stalk section performed one month prior to removal of the medial hypothalamus, did not prevent the increase of ACTH release by E. coli endotoxin. E. coli endotoxin-induced ACTH release in MBH-deprived animals does not appear to be a function of mechanisms operating only in the innervated lobe.
Endocrinologia experimentalis
Plasma corticosterone level and corticotropin (ACTH) content of the anterior pituitary (AP) were ... more Plasma corticosterone level and corticotropin (ACTH) content of the anterior pituitary (AP) were measured after various cuts around the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH). Seven to eight days after placing a complete cut around MBH there was no change in plasma corticosterone or ACTH content of AP; the slight rise in ACTH concentration was offset by the decreased weight of AP. Twenty eight days after a frontal cut there was no change in plasma corticosterone and in bioactive or immunoreactive ACTH concentration of AP.
The American journal of physiology
ABSTRACT
The Journal of Neuroscience : The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
Although many people drink alcohol regularly, only some become addicted. Several studies have sho... more Although many people drink alcohol regularly, only some become addicted. Several studies have shown that genetic and environmental factors contribute to individual differences in the vulnerability to the effects of alcohol (Nestler, 2000; Kreek, 2001; Crabbe, 2002). Among the environmental factors, stress is perhaps the most important trigger for relapse after a period of abstinence (Koob and Nestler, 1997; Piazza and Le Moal, 1998; Koob and Le Moal, 2001; Weiss et al., 2001).
Ideggyógyászati szemle
A gamma-hidroxi-vajsav (GHB) az agyban természetesen elôforduló vegyület, amely a borostyánkôsavb... more A gamma-hidroxi-vajsav (GHB) az agyban természetesen elôforduló vegyület, amely a borostyánkôsavból (szukcinát) származik 1 . Szukcinátkötôdéssel jellemezhetô GHB-kötô hely létezését mutattuk ki korábban, mind patkányelôagyból, mind humán nucleus accumbensbôl (NA) készített szinaptikus membránfrakcióban 2 . Annak érdekében, hogy tisztázzuk a lehetséges szinaptikus szukcinátkötô hely létezését, vizsgáltuk a [ 3 H]szukcinát specifikus kötôdését emberi NA és patkányelôagyból elôállított szinaptikus membránfrakcióban. A humán NA szinaptikus membránfrakciójában talált specifikus szukcinátkötô hely erôs pH-függést mutatott. A kötôhely továbbá jellemezhetô volt a szukcinát (IC 50,SUCC =2,9±0,6 µM), a GHB (IC 50,GHB =2,1±1,3 µM) és a "réskapcsolat-" (gap junction) gátló karbenoxolon (IC 50,CBX =7,1±5,8 µM) interakciójával is. Hasonló kötôdési paraméterek jellemezték a patkányelôagyi szinaptikus membránfrakcióban található szukcinátkötô helyet is. Összefoglalva megállapítottuk, hogy létezik szinaptikus szukcinátkötô hely, amelynek mûködése függ a környezô pH-tól. Farmakológiai jellemzôi alapján feltételezhetô, hogy a talált kötôhely "réskapcsolatban" részt vevô fehérje.
Ideggyógyászati szemle
HUMÁN TRIPSZIN(OGÉN) 4-SZERÛ IMMUNREAKTIVITÁS AZ AGYKÉREG ÉS A GERINCVELÔ FEHÉRÁLLOMÁNYÁBAN Galla... more HUMÁN TRIPSZIN(OGÉN) 4-SZERÛ IMMUNREAKTIVITÁS AZ AGYKÉREG ÉS A GERINCVELÔ FEHÉRÁLLOMÁNYÁBAN Gallatz K, MD; Medveczky P, MD; Németh P, MD; Szilágyi L, MD; Gráf L, MD; Palkovits M, MD Ideggyogy Sz 2007;60(3-4):118-123.
The American journal of physiology
Selye defined stress as the nonspecific response of the body to any demand. Stressors elicit both... more Selye defined stress as the nonspecific response of the body to any demand. Stressors elicit both pituitary-adrenocortical and sympathoadrenomedullary responses. One can test Selye's concept by comparing magnitudes of responses at different stress intensities and assuming that the magnitudes vary with stress intensity, with the prediction that, at different stress intensities, ratios of increments neuroendocrine responses should be the same. We measured arterial plasma ACTH, norepinephrine, and epinephrine in conscious rats after hemorrhage, intravenous insulin, subctaneous formaldehyde solution, cold, or immobilization. Relative to ACTH increments, cold evoked large norepinephrine responses, insulin large epinephrine responses, and hemorrhage small norepinephrine and epinephrine responses, whereas immobilization elicited large increases in levels of all three compounds. The ACTH response to 25% hemorrhage exceeded five times that to 10%, and the epinephrine response to 25% hemo...
Ideggyógyászati szemle
The parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (PTH2R) is a G protein coupled receptor. Pharmacological and a... more The parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (PTH2R) is a G protein coupled receptor. Pharmacological and anatomical evidence suggests that the recently identified tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues is, and parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide are not, its endogenous ligand. Initial functional studies suggest that the PTH2R is involved in the regulation of viscerosensory information processing. As a first step towards clinical applications, herein we describe the presence of the PTH2R in the human brainstem. Total RNA was isolated from postmortem human cortical and brainstem samples for RT-PCR. Good quality RNA, as assessed on formaldehyde gel, was reverse transcribed. The combined cDNA products were used as template in PCR reactions with primer pairs specific for the human PTH2R. In addition, PTH2R immunolabelling was performed on free floating sections of the human medulla oblongata using fluorescent amplification immunochemistry. Specific bands in the RT-PCR e...
Neuroscience letters, Jan 29, 2015
Considerable evidence supports the view that depressive illness and suicidal behaviour stem from ... more Considerable evidence supports the view that depressive illness and suicidal behaviour stem from perturbations of neuroplasticity. Presently, we assessed whether depressed individuals who died by suicide displayed brain region-specific changes in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and whether such effects varied by gender. Using postmortem samples from non-psychiatric controls and depressed individuals who died by suicide, BDNF protein levels were assessed within the hippocampus and frontopolar prefrontal cortex using Western blot. As expected, BDNF levels were reduced within the frontopolar prefrontal cortex among female depressed suicides; however, males showed no such effect. Contrastingly, within the hippocampus, depressed male but not female suicides displayed significant reductions of BDNF protein levels. Although the mechanisms driving the gender and brain region specific BDNF changes are unclear, our data do support the notion that complex alterations of neuroplasticit...
Ideggyógyászati szemle, Jan 30, 2007
To test the effect of dehydration on brain atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations in are... more To test the effect of dehydration on brain atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations in areas important to salt appetite, water balance and cardiovascular regulation, we subjected rats to dehydration and rehydration and measured ANP concentration in 18 brain areas, as well as all relevant peripheral parameters. Water deprivation decreased body weight, blood pressure, urine volume, and plasma ANP, while it increased urine and plasma osmolality, angiotensin II, and vasopressin. ANP greatly increased in 17 and 18 brain areas (all cut cerebral cortex) by 24 h. Rehydration for 12 h corrected all changes evoked by dehydration, including elevated ANP levels in brain. We conclude that chronic dehydration results in increased ANP in brain areas important to salt appetite and water balance. These results support a role for ANP as a neuroregulatory substance that participates in salt and water balance.
Ideggyógyászati szemle, Jan 30, 2007
Atrial natriuretic peptide-synthesizing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus const... more Atrial natriuretic peptide-synthesizing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus constitute the major sources of ANP in the three lobes of the pituitary gland. Complete transection of the pituitary stalk eliminated 93% of ANP from the intermediate lobe, 47 and 77% from the anterior and the posterior lobes, respectively. Meantime, increased levels of immunoreactive ANP were measured in the median eminence, due to the accumulation of the peptide in the transected axons centrally to the transected stalk and in the paraventricular nucleus. It is likely that ANP neurons in the paraventricular nucleus innervate the pituitary, but those in the periventricular (median) preoptic nucleus and the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis may not contribute to the ANP innervation of the pituitary gland.
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Papers by Miklós Palkovits