Prof. Dr. Moustafa Moharam
I am a professor and lecture in the field of plant pathology. My research is specifically in the field of plant pathology that is, the study of plant disease processes, the organisms that cause them, and the development of strategies for their management, that is the integration of a range of control measures (cultural, physical, biological, chemical) for the management of pathogens in cropping and conservation areas. Currently, I am going and developing a project utilizing molecular techniques to improve the understanding of plant pathogenic processes.
I graduated in 1993 with honors in a Bachelor of Science from the Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Egypt, majoring in Plant Pathology. I also graduated in 2001 with my M.Sc., in Plant Pathology (Studies on root rot disease of the peanut). Then I graduated in 2010 my Ph.D. program in Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Egypt with Professor Ahmed Amin Abd El-Fatah cooperation with Dr. Eckhard Koch (Institute for Biological control, JKI, Darmstadt, Germany in Channel system program scholarship from 2006-2008). When I had obtained a channel scholarship program from the Egyptian Governor to complete my Ph.D. study in the field of Plant Pathology, I studied at Julius Kehun Institute (JKI), Institute for Biological Control in Darmstadt, Germany. I studied the fungal plant pathogen Sporisorium sorghi, the causal agent of covered kernel smut disease in Sorghum. I performed detailed studies of environmental factors affecting teliospore germination and mycelial dry weight and determined the longevity for teliospore in vitro and in the field, screened available sorghum cultivars for resistance, and detect the causal organism in the plant by light microscopy, ELISA, and PCR. The phylogenetic analysis of the GAPDH gene of S. sorghi and others published related fungal genera and species was studied. I studied the biological control of smut by isolated microorganisms and commercial products of plant extracts and strengthening were also evaluated.
I always try to see what is new in the field of biocontrol of plant pathogens. So I will be very happy if someone has this interest in this field and Molecular analysis and phylogenetic analysis of fungal pathogens.
Currently, I'm teaching Plant Pathology courses in the plant Pathology Depart. Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Egypt.
Dr. Moustafa Moharam
Professor of Plant Pathology
Plant Pathology Department
Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University
El-Kawamel, Sohag, Egypt
Mobile Phone: +201060608344
Fax : +20932287558
E-mail: [email protected]
Personal website
https://www.sites.google.com/site/drmoustafamoharam/home
Supervisors: Dr. Eckhard Koch, Prof. Dr. Ahmed Amen Abed El-Fatah Gazar, and Prof. Dr. El-Sayed Abdou El-Sayed Ahmad
Phone: +201094755153
Address: Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, El-Kawamel, Sohag, Egypt
P.O 82786
e-mail: [email protected]
I graduated in 1993 with honors in a Bachelor of Science from the Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Egypt, majoring in Plant Pathology. I also graduated in 2001 with my M.Sc., in Plant Pathology (Studies on root rot disease of the peanut). Then I graduated in 2010 my Ph.D. program in Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Egypt with Professor Ahmed Amin Abd El-Fatah cooperation with Dr. Eckhard Koch (Institute for Biological control, JKI, Darmstadt, Germany in Channel system program scholarship from 2006-2008). When I had obtained a channel scholarship program from the Egyptian Governor to complete my Ph.D. study in the field of Plant Pathology, I studied at Julius Kehun Institute (JKI), Institute for Biological Control in Darmstadt, Germany. I studied the fungal plant pathogen Sporisorium sorghi, the causal agent of covered kernel smut disease in Sorghum. I performed detailed studies of environmental factors affecting teliospore germination and mycelial dry weight and determined the longevity for teliospore in vitro and in the field, screened available sorghum cultivars for resistance, and detect the causal organism in the plant by light microscopy, ELISA, and PCR. The phylogenetic analysis of the GAPDH gene of S. sorghi and others published related fungal genera and species was studied. I studied the biological control of smut by isolated microorganisms and commercial products of plant extracts and strengthening were also evaluated.
I always try to see what is new in the field of biocontrol of plant pathogens. So I will be very happy if someone has this interest in this field and Molecular analysis and phylogenetic analysis of fungal pathogens.
Currently, I'm teaching Plant Pathology courses in the plant Pathology Depart. Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Egypt.
Dr. Moustafa Moharam
Professor of Plant Pathology
Plant Pathology Department
Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University
El-Kawamel, Sohag, Egypt
Mobile Phone: +201060608344
Fax : +20932287558
E-mail: [email protected]
Personal website
https://www.sites.google.com/site/drmoustafamoharam/home
Supervisors: Dr. Eckhard Koch, Prof. Dr. Ahmed Amen Abed El-Fatah Gazar, and Prof. Dr. El-Sayed Abdou El-Sayed Ahmad
Phone: +201094755153
Address: Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, El-Kawamel, Sohag, Egypt
P.O 82786
e-mail: [email protected]
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Papers by Prof. Dr. Moustafa Moharam
The achieved English level is 81/100 on the EF SET score scale and C2 Proficient according to the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). The EF SET score is calculated as an average of the reading and listening scores.
To the appreciation of this certification, it could be checked at
https://www.efset.org/cert/qNVaNV
The achieved English level is 81/100 on the EF SET score scale and C2 Proficient according to the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). The EF SET score is calculated as an average of the reading and listening scores.
To the appreciation of this certification, it could be checked at
https://www.efset.org/cert/qNVaNV
they were characterized as race No. 1. Moreover, 9 isolates of the form No. 3 also were HV on Giza 15, Dorado, Shandawel 2, some American accessions and they were characterized as race No. 3. Following in vitro screening test, water extracts of rheum (Rheum rhabarbarum) and common walnut (Juglans regia) at 1% exhibited full inhibition of teliospores germination of S. ehrenbergii. Moreover, spray of 1% rheum and common walnut extracts on inoculated sorghum plants twice starting from panicles emergence significantly reduced the incidence of LS compared with untreated control.
method, mycelium was found in the apical buds and in the nodes. In the same tissues the presence of the fungus
was diagnosed by PCR. DNA was extracted from mycelium grown in vitro or from plant material using the DNeasy® Plant mini Kit. Amplification of a sequence within the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH) gene with the primer pair G3PD-1096F + G3PD-2020R yielded a band of 930 base pairs inlength that was also present when infected plant tissue was assayed. Prior to testing in the greenhouse a screening was performed in vitro. A total of 270 microorganism was included.The microorganisms were inoculated on agar media as spots and cultured for approx. 48 h. The colonieswere then killed with chloroform vapours. Afterwards, the plates were spray-inoculated with a suspension of teliospores of S. sorghi. After 18 h of cultivation at 28 °C the plates were inspected under the microscope, and 48 h after inoculation inhibition zones were measured. As a second screening step, the microorganisms
were cultured in liquid media, and the culture filtrates were added at different concentrations to potato dextrose
agar. Likewise, water extracts prepared from dried plant material were added to PDA in Petri plates. Teliospores of S. sorghi were plated on the agar surface, and after incubation at 28 °C for 18 h spore germination was evaluated microscopically. Based on the results of the pre-screening, 12 treatments were selected forefficacy testing in the greenhouse. For the greenhouse tests sorghum seeds (cv. Dorado) were pre-germinated for 6 h on moist filter paper, dried, dusted with teliospores of S. sorghi (5 g / kg) and then treated with the agents to be tested (suspensions of
microorganisms, plant extracts, Tillecur suspended in a small amount of water). Per 5 g of seed, 100μl were
applied by vigorously shaking in a flask. Seeds treated with water served as controls. After treatment the seeds were sown in plastic pots (18 x 18 cm) at 3 seeds per pot and 18 pots per treatment. The pots were placed in a greenhouse at 25 - 30 °C with supplementary light from sodium high pressure lamps. About 3 weeks after sowing two plants per pot were harvested and used for detection of the fungus by microscopy and PCR. Examinationof the panicles of plants grown from the water-treated control seeds revealed an infection rate of 94 %. Seed treatment with Tillecur (Schaette, Bad Waldsee), Quillaja (NorNatur, Hvidovre, Danmark) andTrichoderma harzianum T39 isolated from Trichodex (Makhteshim-Agan, Israel) controlled the disease completely.A good efficacy (78 %) was recorded for garlic extract. The results of the greenhouse experiment were in good agreement with the microscopical evaluation and the PCR analysis performed with the apical buds of the plants harvested 3 weeks after sowing. A second greenhouse experiment with the same treatments has been started. The results of the microscopical analysis of the apical buds in this second experiment correspondwell with the results of the first experiment. This indicates that infections of sorghum by S. sorghi can be reliably detected at an early stage of plant development. In this way, the time period needed to evaluate seed treatments for control of S. sorghi.
The Conf. "56. Deutschen Pflanzenschutztagung", Kiel, Germany, Sept 22‐25, 2008.
and it took 20 more years before the unique biological nature of isolate QM 6a was recognized and named “T. reesei” in honour of its major investigator, Elwyn T.Reese. His pioneering work at the Natick Institute, in collaboration with Mary Mandels, made this fungus and several of its mutants a major subject of research on the biosynthesis, structure and mechanism of degradation of cellulose and other polysaccharides. It is due to their work that several other laboratories in the USA, Europe and Asia continued the exploitation of Trichoderma’s cellulolytic system in the late 1960s, during the time of the first “oil shock”. At the same time, Rifai and Webster in Exeter (UK) attempted for the first
time a taxonomic approach to Trichoderma and succeeded in defining nine species aggregates. The easy and inexpensive cultivation of most of these “species” has since attracted numerous other researchers interested in basic biological phenomena rather than cellulose degradation. One observation of major importance was the detection of the ability of selected species, most frequently published as “T.
harzianum” or “T. viride”, to antagonize the growth of plant pathogenic fungi and thus to act as biocontrol agents. Today this field has become the second basis on which most research on Trichoderma is built and has attracted numerous researchers worldwide. When summarizing the last 20 years of fungal research, Trichoderma is probably one of the most successful newcomers; for example, in the area of enzyme production this fungus is second only to Aspergillus. At the time this book goes to press, there are more than 150 entries for Trichoderma in the gene data bank, and weekly records in the biological or agricultural section of Current Contents exceed those obtained for other well-known and intensively studied fungal genera such as Penicillium or Neurospora. Surprisingly, this strong interest in Trichoderma has to date not
been reflected by the attempt to combine all the knowledge on Trichoderma in a monograph, whereas good monographs now exist for Aspergillus, Penicillium and several other plant pathogenic fungi. This lack of information is also reflected in
the current existence of two separate and regularly held conferences, i.e., the TRICEL Conference (focusing on all aspects of Trichoderma cellulases and other hydrolytic enzymes) and the Trichoderma and Gliocladium workshops (focusing mainly on taxonomy and various aspects of biological control). The idea of the present monograph therefore was to present a comprehensive treatise of Trichoderma that covered all of the different aspects and can thus serve as a standard source to all working with any of these species. We have also chosen to include Gliocladium in the title and scope of the book since one of the key species— Gliocladium virens—is now considered to actually be Trichoderma (T. virens) and substantial information from biocontrol research has been obtained with this species. However, research in other areas with Gliocladium hardly exists
and consequently most chapters of this book will deal with Trichoderma exclusively. We are grateful that Taylor & Francis have enthusiastically agreed to publish this work and we appreciate their help and collaboration on this project.
Lastly we would also like to thank all of our authors, who have been very cooperative in collaborating with us to produce this monograph.
The Editors
CHRISTIAN P.KUBICEK
University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
GARY E.HARMAN
Cornell University, Geneva, NY, USA with the capable editorial assistance of Kristen L.Ondik
Work phone : 093/ 2287558
Mobil: 01060608344
Fax : 093/ 2287558
Or send and contact me at E-Mail: [email protected] [email protected]