In this article, discourse analysis is used to examine how gender, i.e. ideas of specific masculi... more In this article, discourse analysis is used to examine how gender, i.e. ideas of specific masculine or feminine qualities, is linked to forestry professions. The dynamic genderization concept is introduced to understand better how and why the process of gender coding takes place within the forestry field. Discourse here is understood as a particular way of using language and other symbolic forms such as visual images, which does not simply reflect or represent social entities and relations, but constructs or constitutes them. The empirical material consists of 55 job advertisements for supervisors and rangers and 142 texts and images about the forestry professions published in the Swedish forestry press during the years 1990 Á1991 and 2000 Á2001. The results show that little has changed during this 10 year period. The discourse continues to (re)produce a manifest portrait of the ideal forester as a hard-working and nature-mastering man. This hegemonic masculinity is to a large extent formed around a rural masculine identity with a strong interest in hunting and wildlife. At the same time, several texts reveal that female foresters appeared to need a male mentor to enter the field, especially at the beginning of the 1990s. It is through such a ''helper'' that they seem to receive legitimacy as professionals. Further, the forestry press tends to make statements that gender does not matter. In conclusion, the increased number of female foresters has not brought with it any significant change in the dominant gender coding of the studied forestry professions.
Data from the Swedish Forest Owner Register of 1993 and Statistics Sweden's special studies ... more Data from the Swedish Forest Owner Register of 1993 and Statistics Sweden's special studies in connection with the 1976 and 1992 Census of Agriculture have been used to describe Swedish non‐industrial private forest (NIPF) ownership structure in terms of ...
This paper presents a conceptual model for better understanding of the various aspects or phenome... more This paper presents a conceptual model for better understanding of the various aspects or phenomena in family forestry. In this model, land is considered as the basic resource around which work and family life are organised. With the land follows specific property rights, giving the children, as a result of marriage, the right to inheritance. To generate revenue from the
The Swedish tax system affects distribution of forest revenue between national, municipal and ind... more The Swedish tax system affects distribution of forest revenue between national, municipal and individual interests. The study reported here takes a Boreal municipality perspective, with the objective of investigating the tax and investment implications of non-industrial private forestry (NIPF) in a case-study municipality at these three interest levels. Sales revenue, operating costs, investment, disposable income and direct tax revenue generated
Forest commons are regarded as a means to support local development and sustainable forest condit... more Forest commons are regarded as a means to support local development and sustainable forest conditions. To evaluate the development impact of Swedish forest commons, comparative surveys have been undertaken in three regions, and the differences in forest condition and management between categories of commons as well as their relation to other forest ownerships have been assessed. Regional differences between the
... owners and for forestry (Table 2). 'Other' use indicates that an inve... more ... owners and for forestry (Table 2). 'Other' use indicates that an investing NIPF owner might use ... proportions of the sales destined for forest work by self-employed NIPF owners was, therefore ... One of the non-respondents was believed to hold a considerable market share for low ...
A forest property represents benefits to the owner, the nature of which varies between resident a... more A forest property represents benefits to the owner, the nature of which varies between resident and non-resident owners. Forest owners’ associations can be considered as an arrangement to increase the benefit from forest ownership by helping the forest owner to increase profitability. Thus, it can be assumed that associated forest owners value forest property benefits differently to non-associated owners. This
In Sweden, as in other countries with a growing and increasingly diverse population of forest own... more In Sweden, as in other countries with a growing and increasingly diverse population of forest owners, there is an apparent need for more detailed quantitative data of high quality in order to describe and understand present forest conditions and predict and explain future trends. Therefore, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences has developed a Data Base for Forest Owner Analysis
Since early 1990 ties, Swedish forest land is increasingly becoming certified. Today all major fo... more Since early 1990 ties, Swedish forest land is increasingly becoming certified. Today all major forest owners have joined the Swedish FSC-standard (Forest Stewardship Council), while small-scale forest owners preferably are joining the PEFC scheme (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification). With the overall aim of gaining a better insight into which small-scale forest owners that have decided to take
Previous reports indicating that forest properties owned by women were less extensively managed t... more Previous reports indicating that forest properties owned by women were less extensively managed than those owned by men were partly attributed to women not having been fully socialized into family forestry. It was assumed that this gap would have been reduced by targeted actions undertaken over the last 10–15 years with the aim of increasing women's interest in and knowledge
In this article, discourse analysis is used to examine how gender, i.e. ideas of specific masculi... more In this article, discourse analysis is used to examine how gender, i.e. ideas of specific masculine or feminine qualities, is linked to forestry professions. The dynamic genderization concept is introduced to understand better how and why the process of gender coding takes place within the forestry field. Discourse here is understood as a particular way of using language and other symbolic forms such as visual images, which does not simply reflect or represent social entities and relations, but constructs or constitutes them. The empirical material consists of 55 job advertisements for supervisors and rangers and 142 texts and images about the forestry professions published in the Swedish forestry press during the years 1990 Á1991 and 2000 Á2001. The results show that little has changed during this 10 year period. The discourse continues to (re)produce a manifest portrait of the ideal forester as a hard-working and nature-mastering man. This hegemonic masculinity is to a large extent formed around a rural masculine identity with a strong interest in hunting and wildlife. At the same time, several texts reveal that female foresters appeared to need a male mentor to enter the field, especially at the beginning of the 1990s. It is through such a ''helper'' that they seem to receive legitimacy as professionals. Further, the forestry press tends to make statements that gender does not matter. In conclusion, the increased number of female foresters has not brought with it any significant change in the dominant gender coding of the studied forestry professions.
Data from the Swedish Forest Owner Register of 1993 and Statistics Sweden's special studies ... more Data from the Swedish Forest Owner Register of 1993 and Statistics Sweden's special studies in connection with the 1976 and 1992 Census of Agriculture have been used to describe Swedish non‐industrial private forest (NIPF) ownership structure in terms of ...
This paper presents a conceptual model for better understanding of the various aspects or phenome... more This paper presents a conceptual model for better understanding of the various aspects or phenomena in family forestry. In this model, land is considered as the basic resource around which work and family life are organised. With the land follows specific property rights, giving the children, as a result of marriage, the right to inheritance. To generate revenue from the
The Swedish tax system affects distribution of forest revenue between national, municipal and ind... more The Swedish tax system affects distribution of forest revenue between national, municipal and individual interests. The study reported here takes a Boreal municipality perspective, with the objective of investigating the tax and investment implications of non-industrial private forestry (NIPF) in a case-study municipality at these three interest levels. Sales revenue, operating costs, investment, disposable income and direct tax revenue generated
Forest commons are regarded as a means to support local development and sustainable forest condit... more Forest commons are regarded as a means to support local development and sustainable forest conditions. To evaluate the development impact of Swedish forest commons, comparative surveys have been undertaken in three regions, and the differences in forest condition and management between categories of commons as well as their relation to other forest ownerships have been assessed. Regional differences between the
... owners and for forestry (Table 2). 'Other' use indicates that an inve... more ... owners and for forestry (Table 2). 'Other' use indicates that an investing NIPF owner might use ... proportions of the sales destined for forest work by self-employed NIPF owners was, therefore ... One of the non-respondents was believed to hold a considerable market share for low ...
A forest property represents benefits to the owner, the nature of which varies between resident a... more A forest property represents benefits to the owner, the nature of which varies between resident and non-resident owners. Forest owners’ associations can be considered as an arrangement to increase the benefit from forest ownership by helping the forest owner to increase profitability. Thus, it can be assumed that associated forest owners value forest property benefits differently to non-associated owners. This
In Sweden, as in other countries with a growing and increasingly diverse population of forest own... more In Sweden, as in other countries with a growing and increasingly diverse population of forest owners, there is an apparent need for more detailed quantitative data of high quality in order to describe and understand present forest conditions and predict and explain future trends. Therefore, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences has developed a Data Base for Forest Owner Analysis
Since early 1990 ties, Swedish forest land is increasingly becoming certified. Today all major fo... more Since early 1990 ties, Swedish forest land is increasingly becoming certified. Today all major forest owners have joined the Swedish FSC-standard (Forest Stewardship Council), while small-scale forest owners preferably are joining the PEFC scheme (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification). With the overall aim of gaining a better insight into which small-scale forest owners that have decided to take
Previous reports indicating that forest properties owned by women were less extensively managed t... more Previous reports indicating that forest properties owned by women were less extensively managed than those owned by men were partly attributed to women not having been fully socialized into family forestry. It was assumed that this gap would have been reduced by targeted actions undertaken over the last 10–15 years with the aim of increasing women's interest in and knowledge
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