Papers by Syed A M I N Tabish
International journal of scientific research, 2017
Journal of Cardiology & Current Research, 2020
The COVID-19 pandemic is exponentially growing. It is the defining global health crisis of our ti... more The COVID-19 pandemic is exponentially growing. It is the defining global health crisis of our time and the greatest challenge since World War Two. Countries are racing to slow the spread of the virus by testing and treating patients, carrying out contact tracing, limiting travel, quarantining citizens, and cancelling large gatherings such as sporting events, concerts, and schools. The pandemic is moving like a wave. Some countries have effectively contained the pandemic, while others have been slow and the consequences of delay in responding to the challenge are obvious. Every day, people are losing jobs and income, with no way of knowing when normality will return. Nations need to act immediately to prepare, respond, and recover. Nations must focus on the procurement and supply of essential health products, strengthening crisis management and response, and addressing critical social and economic impacts. Researchers are working tirelessly to discover new life-saving medical innovations. The strategy is to develop diagnostic tools to quickly and effectively detect the disease in the first place, alleviating symptoms so that people who have disease experience milder symptoms, and lowering the overall mortality rate. One of the most promising leads on a COVID-19 vaccine is mRNA-1273. This vaccine, is being developed with extreme urgency, skipping straight into human trials before it was even tested in animals. The aftermath is likely to be something we have never witnessed. A new social order will emerge, a new structure of the society, a paradigm shift in human relationships and above all a new economic adjustment.
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2021
Background: Bio-medical waste (BMW) means any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, tre... more Background: Bio-medical waste (BMW) means any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities or in the production or testing of biological or in any health camp activities. Proper management of BMW ensures protection of public health and environment against any adverse effect associated with such waste materials. Several studies have reported that health care workers lack adequate level of awareness and right attitude regarding proper BMW management which ultimately reflects as incorrect practice of handling and disposal of bio medical waste. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of healthcare workers regarding bio-medical waste management.Methods: This study was conducted at Tomo Riba Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (TRIHMS), Arunachal Pradesh, India. Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted and questionnaire were administered to 313 healthcare workers of TR...
Journal of Trauma & Treatment, 2018
for specific injuries such as road traffic injuries have been documented to cost nearly 3% of a C... more for specific injuries such as road traffic injuries have been documented to cost nearly 3% of a Countries Gross National Product [4]. The incidences of violent crimes with gunshot injuries have become increasingly more common, reflecting the deterioration of law and order in our society [5]. Violent injuries are the eighth leading cause of death, worldwide [6]. Besides high death toll firearm injuries cause significant morbidity, long-term physical and psychological disability for individuals, families, communities and society. Violence is a phenomenon intrinsic to class-based society which are
Journal (Academy of Hospital Administration (India)), 1994
Trying to survive in the changing times of competition, productivity and quality issues, economic... more Trying to survive in the changing times of competition, productivity and quality issues, economic constraints, increasing healthcare costs and consumer satisfaction hospital administrator requires intellectual skills blended with emotional maturity. Challenge successfully dealt with is satisfying. Only when it cannot be met, when pressures become too great, does it become stressful. Coping with stress depends on holistic approach to health. Equally, Managers should ensure that their part of organisation provides an environment in which individuals can flourish to the benefit of the organisation and the individuals involved. The study explores the main causes of stress and various strategies to cope with it.
Anaesthesia & Critical Care Medicine Journal, 2021
Stepping into the year 2021 is not without burden of inheritance. During the first half of 2020 S... more Stepping into the year 2021 is not without burden of inheritance. During the first half of 2020 SARS-CoV-2 rendered the entire human population speechless, motionless and helpless. It exposed the weak public health systems, fragile disaster management mechanisms, complacency of governments and lack of effective leadership in many countries. Globally, these are the unprecedented times, unimagined and unthought-of. The deadly virus around is forcing people all over the world to make unexpected and drastic shifts in their way of life to keep themselves safe. We are living on the edge. Let us work together to preserve, enrich, and enlighten it. The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need to protect people from health emergencies, as well as to promote universal health coverage and healthier populations to keep people from needing health services through multisectoral interventions like improving basic hygiene and sanitation. Perhaps life will never return to what it was before. We should make it safer by being better prepared for future pandemics. Vaccine is probably the only hope to contain and prevent SARS-CoV-2 virus. What is crucial for the global community is efficacy, safety, affordability and accessibility of vaccine. Equity is of paramount importance. COVID 19 will stay for decades. It has left scars on all humans. Though we can't undo the damage we should build a strong recovery, we must seize the opportunity for change. Let us rise to the responsibilities of the New World-a world our children and their children inherit-a safer, more resilient and more sustainable.
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
Today, more than ever, change is inevitable in healthcare organizations to satisfying ever increa... more Today, more than ever, change is inevitable in healthcare organizations to satisfying ever increasing expectations. Consumers expect higher service quality than the price they're willing to pay to acquire those products and services. More than ever, employees expect job security. Shareholders expect that today's investments will yield a higher rate of return over a shorter timeframe. Management is constantly pressured to keep costs under control. In the coming decade, we are likely to see a lot of focus directed towards applying management principles to solutions of complex social issues such as environmental sustainability, energy security, access to healthcare etc. This will also underline the need for increased interdisciplinary interaction and influence on business management. In light of today's competitive pressures and a rapidly changing environment, to not change is to give way to one's competitors. To improve means to change. We know that to improve means we...
RK, 2023
PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease) is mostly caused by a combination of hormonal imbalance and gen... more PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease) is mostly caused by a combination of hormonal imbalance and genetic tendencies. In a standard menstrual cycle, the two ovaries will alternately release mature, ready-to-be-fertilized eggs each month. PCOD is a medical condition in women, where the ovaries produce multiple immature eggs which, over time, become cysts on the ovaries. the hormones of a woman go out of balance which creates various symptoms, including the absence of ovulation, irregular menstrual cycle, difficulty conceiving, weight gain, acne, and hirsutism. PCOD, also known as PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome), if left untreated, can lead to further health complications, like diabetes, obesity, heart diseases, and high cholesterol.
Ovaries are the reproductive organs of a female which control the menstrual cycle and the production of hormones like estrogen, progesterone, inhibin, relaxin etc. The accumulation of the eggs swells the ovary and makes it release large quantities of male hormone thus causing infertility.
PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) is a metabolic disorder in which the woman affected by hormonal imbalance in their reproductive years. Due to increase level of male hormones females might skip menstrual periods, have irregular ovulation making it hard to get pregnant, get abnormal hair growth on the body and face simultaneously it can lead to heart disease and diabetes in long term. PCOD affects approximately 5- 10% of women in their childbearing ages (12 to 45-years). While the prevalence of PCOD differs, it affects around 9% to 22% of Indian women.
Causes
Genes, insulin resistance, and inflammation have all been linked to excess androgen production. Studies show that PCOS runs in families. It’s likely that many genes — not just one — contribute to the condition. There is a 50% possibility of getting PCOD among the women whose immediate female relatives suffer from PCOD.
Insulin resistance: Up to 70 percent of women with PCOS have insulin resistance, meaning that their cells can’t use insulin properly. Insulin is a hormone the pancreas produces to help the body use sugar from foods for energy. When cells can’t use insulin properly, the body’s demand for insulin increases. The pancreas makes more insulin to compensate. Extra insulin triggers the ovaries to produce more male hormones.
Obesity is a major cause of insulin resistance. Both obesity and insulin resistance can increase your risk for type 2 diabetes.
Inflammation: Women with PCOS often have increased levels of inflammation in their body. Being overweight can also contribute to inflammation. Studies have linked excess inflammation to higher androgen levels.
Weight: Sometimes, a higher weight may worsen insulin resistance and the symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Some women with PCOD report that they had never experienced symptoms such as menstrual irregularity or excessive hair growth and are a healthy weight. However, these symptoms only appear once they gain weight.
Diagnosis
Your doctor would discuss your medical history and perform a physical examination to confirm the condition. They may then recommend
• A pelvic examination
• Blood tests to quantify hormone levels
• An ultrasound to check the appearance of your ovaries and the uterus
Studies also report that by the age of forty, approximately fifty per cent of women with PCOD would develop pre-diabetes or would already be diabetic, while many others would face infertility during their childbearing age.
Transvaginal ultrasound
A physical exam includes checking for signs of excess hair growth, insulin resistance and acne. Your doctor might then recommend:
• Pelvic exam
• Blood tests can measure hormone levels.
• Ultrasound can check the appearance of your ovaries and the thickness of the lining of your uterus.
• Regular checks of blood pressure, glucose tolerance, and cholesterol and triglyceride levels
• Screening for depression and anxiety
• Screening for obstructive sleep apnea
Pathology
With PCOS, many small sacs of fluid develop along the outer edge of the ovary. These are called cysts. The small fluid-filled cysts contain immature eggs. These are called follicles. The follicles fail to regularly release eggs. A diagnosis of PCOS is made when you have at least two of these:
• Irregular periods
• Too much androgen
• Polycystic ovaries
Metabolic syndrome: Up to 80 percent of women with PCOS are overweight or have obesity. Both obesity and PCOS increase your risk for: high blood sugar, high blood pressure, low HDL “good” cholesterol, high LDL “bad” cholesterol. Together, these factors are called metabolic syndrome, and they increase the risk for: heart disease, diabetes, stroke, Sleep apnea (repeated pauses in breathing during the night, which interrupt sleep).
Treatment
A multidisciplinary treatment approach for PCOD may include a gynaecologist, endocrinologist, dietician, infertility expert, and dermatologist.
One of the most practical ways to manage and keep your symptoms in check is proper weight management. Even if you can achieve 5% weight loss, it will make your treatment easy and more effective. Women who have PCOD must work out regularly and maintain a healthy lifestyle and diet. Make sure to cut on your carbohydrate and sugar and have more high fiberand high protein food.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2018
Health is a foundational investment in human capital and economic growth without which children a... more Health is a foundational investment in human capital and economic growth without which children are unable to go to school and adults can't be productive. Over 500 million people do not have access to a dependable health facility for quick diagnosis of disease and its proper treatment. Around 800 women die each day due to complications during pregnancy and childbirth. Every day, 16,000 children under the age of 5 die from mainly preventable or treatable causes; that is 5.9 million children a year. Close to half of these under-5 deaths occur within the first month of life. One million children die on the day they are born, 2 million within the first week. Many lives can be saved with packages for maternal preventive care and childcare, packages for newborn resuscitation and care, and packages related to community-based case detection and management. The effect of several intervention packages is considerably enhanced by innovations for scaling up coverage. Most innovations relate...
International journal of health sciences, 2009
Trauma is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in people younger than 45 years and he... more Trauma is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in people younger than 45 years and head injury is mostly highly weighted predictor of outcome in trauma population, anything than can improve the outcome from severe head injury has the potential of improving the lives of many accident victims. A study regarding factors influencing outcome of traumatic brain injury patients was conducted at a tertiary care hospital of Srinagar (India). The basic predictors in this study included age, sex, rural/urban, time taken from site of trauma to arrival at hospital, mode of transportation, referral from other hospitals, referral to other hospitals, and Glasgow Coma Scale. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) patients (n 547) were taken prospectively by simple random sampling method for a period of one year (2004) for this study. Majority of patients belonged to age group 0 to 10 years (25.5%) and a maximum death (8) were seen in age group 51 to 60 years. Maximum number of patients were males ...
International journal of health sciences, 2007
Injuries are a focus of public health practice because they pose a serious health threat, occur f... more Injuries are a focus of public health practice because they pose a serious health threat, occur frequently, and are preventable. Globally, thousands of people attend their local Emergency Department daily after suffering a head injury. Early diagnosis and appropriate management improves outcomes but is sometimes more difficult to achieve than might be imagined. Of all types of injury, those to the brain are among the most likely to result in death or permanent disability. Estimates of traumatic brain injury (TBI) incidence, severity, and cost reflect the enormous losses to individuals, their families, and society. The reduction in the number and severity of injuries offers a cost-effective manner in which to improve the health status of populations. We prospectively studied 485 consecutive patients of traumatic brain injury out of which 280 with GCS of 13, 14, and 15 were subjected to routine early CT scan of head after 4 hours of reporting to Emergency Department. Patients with pen...
Journal (Academy of Hospital Administration (India)), 1994
Journal (Academy of Hospital Administration (India)), 1991
This article gives an overview of pratical strategies to deal with AIDS infection in developing c... more This article gives an overview of pratical strategies to deal with AIDS infection in developing countries
Emergency Medicine: Open Access, 2015
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been called a silent epidemic and is a major health and socioeco... more Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been called a silent epidemic and is a major health and socioeconomic problem. TBI is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among young adults in developed economies and the incidence in the elderly population is increasing. In developing countries the incidence of TBI is high and rapidly increasing. The World Health Organization predicts that TBI and road traffic accidents will be the third greatest cause of disease and injury worldwide by 2020. TBI is a heterogeneous condition in terms of etiology, severity, and outcome. Currently, no effective TBI therapy exists, with patients treated through a combination of surgery, rehabilitation and pharmacological agents managing post-trauma conditions such as depression. Evidence-based guidelines and management protocols help to guide target-driven care and are associated with better outcome. Continuous attempts have been made worldwide to discover the best possible treatment, but an effective treatment method is not yet available. Evidence-based intensive care management strategies improves outcome. The most definite benefits in terms of survival after TBI come from admission to a specialist neurosurgical centre, with goal-targeted therapy and intensive care services. Early detection and objective characterization of abnormalities in TBI are important objectives of modern neuroimaging. Improved treatment will come through understanding the physical changes in the brain that occur at the microscopic and molecular levels when the brain is subject to trauma. Novel achievements in neuroprotection are now expected from developing antiapoptotic agents, from more potent antioxidants, cholinergic agents, alpha blockers, from researching various physiological substances, advances in molecular medicine including stem cell and gene therapy. A more analytical approach to understanding the complex array of factors that influence the incidence, severity, and outcome of TBI is essential. Future therapies that are currently under investigation hold promise. Unless systematic efforts are made towards prevention, management and rehabilitation, many more individuals, children and middle-aged adults will continue to die. There is a strong need to enhance TBI prevention and to improve treatment. Appropriate targeting of prevention and improving outcome requires a detailed understanding of incidence, causes of injury, treatment approaches and outcome results. Specific topics addressed in this paper include scientific understanding of the problem in its various dimensions, complexities and controversies regarding diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, outcome and impact of TBIs on rapidly transforming societies, challenges and opportunities in research and linking research to practice. Improved patient outcomes will depend on organised trauma response systems, particularly to prevent the potentially reversible effects of secondary brain injury strategies.
Child: Care, Health and Development, 2014
little more than 13 years ago, world leaders assembled in New York to sign the Millennium Declara... more little more than 13 years ago, world leaders assembled in New York to sign the Millennium Declaration to address some of the greatest moral dilemmas of our times-unequal global health, poverty, and inequities in development-and to establish a set of interrelated goals and targets to be met by 2015. Key goals included the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 4 targeting a reduction in mortality among children younger than 5 years of age by two thirds and MDG 5 targeting a reduction in maternal mortality by three quarters, both from 1990 base figures. With less than 3 years to go, despite overall global progress, these two MDGs are seriously off target for many countries. 1 Recent assessment of global statistics suggests that despite major gains, among the 75 so-called Countdown countries that have 98% of all maternal deaths and deaths among children younger than 5 years of age, only 17 are on track to reach the MDG 4 target for child mortality and only 9 are on track to reach the MDG 5 target for maternal mortality. 2 However, estimates from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation suggest that 31 countries will achieve MDG 4, 13 countries will achieve MDG 5, and only 9 countries will achieve both targets. 3 As we celebrate the fact that the annual number of deaths among children younger than 5 years of age has fallen to 6.6 million (uncertainty range, 6.3 to 7.0 million), which is a 48% reduction from the 12.6 million deaths (uncertainty range, 12.4 to 12.9 million) in 1990, despite an increased number of births in many high-burden countries during the same time period, 4 the sobering realization is that even in countries that will reach their MDG 4 and 5 targets, many will still have high numbers of deaths, with much scope for improvement.
Health, 2021
The COVID crisis in India shows no sign of abating. The country of 1.4 billion has passed 30.5 mi... more The COVID crisis in India shows no sign of abating. The country of 1.4 billion has passed 30.5 million COVID-19 infections and over 402,000 deaths. Even government figures are likely underestimated due to problems with testing and reporting in the country. Reasonable estimates due to under reporting and lack of testing put these figures at three times higher. The new cases and deaths are predicted to rise by September 2021. The situation is bad in the main cities, but also that it is worse in the poorer and rural areas where lack of healthcare resources has made those populations most vulnerable to the disease. There is an urgent need for rapid tests for quantification of infectiousness to triage patients. In traumatised India, saving lives has become the highest priority to be achieved by vaccinating 70 per cent of the adult population. Over 200 million population have been vaccinated. India's monthly COVID vaccine manufacturing capacity is about 60-65 million doses against the final requirement of 1.45 billion doses to cover 70 per cent adults. Even though the second surge is on a decline in most of the states, mucormycosis continues to be a public health concern. There are 41,000 mucormycosis cases reported during the second wave. Daily increase in Delta plus variant cases should alert the Policy-makers. It has a very high transmissibility. Genomic testing & surveillance of mutations to limit fresh twist of pandemic is a necessity. Only a few drugs have emerged as approved COVID-19 treatments. Where are we with drug treatment? Over 30 billion USD have been spent on vaccine development because it has a market. Very little is spent on research on drug discovery. There has not been any significant antibiotic molecule for the last two decades. Politics has played and continues to play a big part in the spread of the virus but it is a situation that needs a global approach. Tiding over a pandemic requires detailed preparation at multiple levels on the part of the State. New ways to prevent, detect, track and treat SARS-CoV-2 infections are crucial keeping in view the rise of more-transmissible viral mutants like Delta plus.
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Papers by Syed A M I N Tabish
Ovaries are the reproductive organs of a female which control the menstrual cycle and the production of hormones like estrogen, progesterone, inhibin, relaxin etc. The accumulation of the eggs swells the ovary and makes it release large quantities of male hormone thus causing infertility.
PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) is a metabolic disorder in which the woman affected by hormonal imbalance in their reproductive years. Due to increase level of male hormones females might skip menstrual periods, have irregular ovulation making it hard to get pregnant, get abnormal hair growth on the body and face simultaneously it can lead to heart disease and diabetes in long term. PCOD affects approximately 5- 10% of women in their childbearing ages (12 to 45-years). While the prevalence of PCOD differs, it affects around 9% to 22% of Indian women.
Causes
Genes, insulin resistance, and inflammation have all been linked to excess androgen production. Studies show that PCOS runs in families. It’s likely that many genes — not just one — contribute to the condition. There is a 50% possibility of getting PCOD among the women whose immediate female relatives suffer from PCOD.
Insulin resistance: Up to 70 percent of women with PCOS have insulin resistance, meaning that their cells can’t use insulin properly. Insulin is a hormone the pancreas produces to help the body use sugar from foods for energy. When cells can’t use insulin properly, the body’s demand for insulin increases. The pancreas makes more insulin to compensate. Extra insulin triggers the ovaries to produce more male hormones.
Obesity is a major cause of insulin resistance. Both obesity and insulin resistance can increase your risk for type 2 diabetes.
Inflammation: Women with PCOS often have increased levels of inflammation in their body. Being overweight can also contribute to inflammation. Studies have linked excess inflammation to higher androgen levels.
Weight: Sometimes, a higher weight may worsen insulin resistance and the symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Some women with PCOD report that they had never experienced symptoms such as menstrual irregularity or excessive hair growth and are a healthy weight. However, these symptoms only appear once they gain weight.
Diagnosis
Your doctor would discuss your medical history and perform a physical examination to confirm the condition. They may then recommend
• A pelvic examination
• Blood tests to quantify hormone levels
• An ultrasound to check the appearance of your ovaries and the uterus
Studies also report that by the age of forty, approximately fifty per cent of women with PCOD would develop pre-diabetes or would already be diabetic, while many others would face infertility during their childbearing age.
Transvaginal ultrasound
A physical exam includes checking for signs of excess hair growth, insulin resistance and acne. Your doctor might then recommend:
• Pelvic exam
• Blood tests can measure hormone levels.
• Ultrasound can check the appearance of your ovaries and the thickness of the lining of your uterus.
• Regular checks of blood pressure, glucose tolerance, and cholesterol and triglyceride levels
• Screening for depression and anxiety
• Screening for obstructive sleep apnea
Pathology
With PCOS, many small sacs of fluid develop along the outer edge of the ovary. These are called cysts. The small fluid-filled cysts contain immature eggs. These are called follicles. The follicles fail to regularly release eggs. A diagnosis of PCOS is made when you have at least two of these:
• Irregular periods
• Too much androgen
• Polycystic ovaries
Metabolic syndrome: Up to 80 percent of women with PCOS are overweight or have obesity. Both obesity and PCOS increase your risk for: high blood sugar, high blood pressure, low HDL “good” cholesterol, high LDL “bad” cholesterol. Together, these factors are called metabolic syndrome, and they increase the risk for: heart disease, diabetes, stroke, Sleep apnea (repeated pauses in breathing during the night, which interrupt sleep).
Treatment
A multidisciplinary treatment approach for PCOD may include a gynaecologist, endocrinologist, dietician, infertility expert, and dermatologist.
One of the most practical ways to manage and keep your symptoms in check is proper weight management. Even if you can achieve 5% weight loss, it will make your treatment easy and more effective. Women who have PCOD must work out regularly and maintain a healthy lifestyle and diet. Make sure to cut on your carbohydrate and sugar and have more high fiberand high protein food.
Ovaries are the reproductive organs of a female which control the menstrual cycle and the production of hormones like estrogen, progesterone, inhibin, relaxin etc. The accumulation of the eggs swells the ovary and makes it release large quantities of male hormone thus causing infertility.
PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) is a metabolic disorder in which the woman affected by hormonal imbalance in their reproductive years. Due to increase level of male hormones females might skip menstrual periods, have irregular ovulation making it hard to get pregnant, get abnormal hair growth on the body and face simultaneously it can lead to heart disease and diabetes in long term. PCOD affects approximately 5- 10% of women in their childbearing ages (12 to 45-years). While the prevalence of PCOD differs, it affects around 9% to 22% of Indian women.
Causes
Genes, insulin resistance, and inflammation have all been linked to excess androgen production. Studies show that PCOS runs in families. It’s likely that many genes — not just one — contribute to the condition. There is a 50% possibility of getting PCOD among the women whose immediate female relatives suffer from PCOD.
Insulin resistance: Up to 70 percent of women with PCOS have insulin resistance, meaning that their cells can’t use insulin properly. Insulin is a hormone the pancreas produces to help the body use sugar from foods for energy. When cells can’t use insulin properly, the body’s demand for insulin increases. The pancreas makes more insulin to compensate. Extra insulin triggers the ovaries to produce more male hormones.
Obesity is a major cause of insulin resistance. Both obesity and insulin resistance can increase your risk for type 2 diabetes.
Inflammation: Women with PCOS often have increased levels of inflammation in their body. Being overweight can also contribute to inflammation. Studies have linked excess inflammation to higher androgen levels.
Weight: Sometimes, a higher weight may worsen insulin resistance and the symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Some women with PCOD report that they had never experienced symptoms such as menstrual irregularity or excessive hair growth and are a healthy weight. However, these symptoms only appear once they gain weight.
Diagnosis
Your doctor would discuss your medical history and perform a physical examination to confirm the condition. They may then recommend
• A pelvic examination
• Blood tests to quantify hormone levels
• An ultrasound to check the appearance of your ovaries and the uterus
Studies also report that by the age of forty, approximately fifty per cent of women with PCOD would develop pre-diabetes or would already be diabetic, while many others would face infertility during their childbearing age.
Transvaginal ultrasound
A physical exam includes checking for signs of excess hair growth, insulin resistance and acne. Your doctor might then recommend:
• Pelvic exam
• Blood tests can measure hormone levels.
• Ultrasound can check the appearance of your ovaries and the thickness of the lining of your uterus.
• Regular checks of blood pressure, glucose tolerance, and cholesterol and triglyceride levels
• Screening for depression and anxiety
• Screening for obstructive sleep apnea
Pathology
With PCOS, many small sacs of fluid develop along the outer edge of the ovary. These are called cysts. The small fluid-filled cysts contain immature eggs. These are called follicles. The follicles fail to regularly release eggs. A diagnosis of PCOS is made when you have at least two of these:
• Irregular periods
• Too much androgen
• Polycystic ovaries
Metabolic syndrome: Up to 80 percent of women with PCOS are overweight or have obesity. Both obesity and PCOS increase your risk for: high blood sugar, high blood pressure, low HDL “good” cholesterol, high LDL “bad” cholesterol. Together, these factors are called metabolic syndrome, and they increase the risk for: heart disease, diabetes, stroke, Sleep apnea (repeated pauses in breathing during the night, which interrupt sleep).
Treatment
A multidisciplinary treatment approach for PCOD may include a gynaecologist, endocrinologist, dietician, infertility expert, and dermatologist.
One of the most practical ways to manage and keep your symptoms in check is proper weight management. Even if you can achieve 5% weight loss, it will make your treatment easy and more effective. Women who have PCOD must work out regularly and maintain a healthy lifestyle and diet. Make sure to cut on your carbohydrate and sugar and have more high fiberand high protein food.