zhaoyang zhang
Zhaoyang Zhang received his Ph.D. in history from University of California at Berkeley (2010) and is currently a professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China. His recent work, A History of Civil Law in Early China: Cases, Statutes, Concepts and Beyond, is under the process of publication by Brill (2022); https://brill.com/view/title/54408. Moreover, he has published about 50 articles in leading academic journals and conducted a number of important research projects.
Address: Berkeley, California, United States
Address: Berkeley, California, United States
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值。一方面，物美价廉的鱼为水乡民众所喜食，发展出极有特色的菜肴; 另一方面，出现了形形色色的鱼贩。他们从江河湖
泊中捕捞或在池塘养殖鱼类，活跃于各种不同规模、不同级别的市场上，出售各类鲜鱼以及干鱼、腌鱼、烤鱼等加工产品。
与此同时，政府通过征收渔税和市租钱获得了可观的财政收入。
prompted the officials of the Han Court through a serious process to openly and peacefully dethrone Emperor
Liu He，which had certain legal characteristics: it involved in how the Han people understood the relationship
between the emperor’s will and the law． In the Han Dynasty，there were two quite opposing views: one was
represented by Zhang Shizhi，a high－ranking minister of the Emperor Wendi of Han，who believed that both
the imperial power and the existing laws should be respected; the other was represented by Du Zhou，a high－
ranking minister of the Emperor Wudi of Han，who believed that the emperor’s will was the law regardless of
the existing laws． But the Emperor Wudi of Han himself ever said that the existing law needed to be respected．
This view of respecting the law was consistent with the vigilance of Huang Lao，legalists and Confucians
against the private desires of the monarch in the early Han Dynasty，having enabled the court officials to dethrone Liu He openly and peacefully on the grounds of“chaos of the Han System”
very long history of waterway transportation. Eastern Han documents recently excavated from the May First
Square at Changsha show that merchants often utilized Xiangjiang waterway for shipping goods. Therefore,
a question arises: what was the speed of Xiangjiang waterway transportation in the Han dynasty? Strip no.
975 from the May First Square, which was newly published in Dec., 2019, provides us very valuable information. We can make two points: Strip no. 975 records an event of Xiangjiang waterway transportation from
Linxiang to Bian county; and the speed of counter-current transportation of Xiangjiang waterway was about
38 li per day in Han measure
《岳麓书院藏秦简（肆）》有两条关于酤酒的规定，与睡虎地秦简
之《田律》颇为一致。由这些律令可知，秦时居住在“田舍”的民众，如果酤酒，就会身陷法网。这些规定是否意味着在乡间普遍地禁止酒的买卖？基于对“田舍”的不同理解，学界有不同的意见。本文另辟蹊径，从禁令出台的时代背景和目的来分析问题。结合《商君书》等文献记载，本文认为禁令服务于秦统一战争的需要，通过禁酒来达到两个目标：提高农夫的劳动效率；节约粮食。因此禁令应该是普遍禁酒。
一桩官司。两姓就两县交界处三片湖面的产权，从乾隆四十一年 ( 1776) 一直争讼到嘉庆四年 ( 1799) ，
鄱阳湖一路打官司到北京城。通过对相关 58 件文书的分析，结合其他材料，我们发现: 虽然原告方曹姓将
自己描绘为受害者，但实际上对争议湖产不具有充分的产权依据，是利用各种借口来侵占杨姓湖产。这个
案例表明，清代民事司法具有积极保护民人产权的一面: 正是官方对民人产权的保护，才迫使强势的曹家
承认弱势的杨姓的产权。更重要的是，官方对这个纠纷的解决颇有创意: 先根据证据判明是非，认定权益
归属，然后引入市场机制，促使双方达成双赢的共识。这种法律与市场的双管齐下，比仅仅依法判定是非
更能抓住产权纠纷的根本。
［关键词］ 鄱阳湖 产权 民间文书 清代 纠纷
除肉刑”與“齊文王之死”表面上看，它們出現在同一篇文獻中似
乎僅僅是因爲名醫倉公( 淳于意) 先後經歷了這兩個事件。但細
讀《倉公傳》，我們發現這兩個事件的記述存在很多疑點，而這些
疑點又指向了文帝時代漢廷與齊國的矛盾。結合出土文獻，筆者
認爲這兩個貌似風馬牛不相及的歷史事件之間，存在某種關聯，統
一於文帝消弱諸侯王權力的大戰略。
值。一方面，物美价廉的鱼为水乡民众所喜食，发展出极有特色的菜肴; 另一方面，出现了形形色色的鱼贩。他们从江河湖
泊中捕捞或在池塘养殖鱼类，活跃于各种不同规模、不同级别的市场上，出售各类鲜鱼以及干鱼、腌鱼、烤鱼等加工产品。
与此同时，政府通过征收渔税和市租钱获得了可观的财政收入。
prompted the officials of the Han Court through a serious process to openly and peacefully dethrone Emperor
Liu He，which had certain legal characteristics: it involved in how the Han people understood the relationship
between the emperor’s will and the law． In the Han Dynasty，there were two quite opposing views: one was
represented by Zhang Shizhi，a high－ranking minister of the Emperor Wendi of Han，who believed that both
the imperial power and the existing laws should be respected; the other was represented by Du Zhou，a high－
ranking minister of the Emperor Wudi of Han，who believed that the emperor’s will was the law regardless of
the existing laws． But the Emperor Wudi of Han himself ever said that the existing law needed to be respected．
This view of respecting the law was consistent with the vigilance of Huang Lao，legalists and Confucians
against the private desires of the monarch in the early Han Dynasty，having enabled the court officials to dethrone Liu He openly and peacefully on the grounds of“chaos of the Han System”
very long history of waterway transportation. Eastern Han documents recently excavated from the May First
Square at Changsha show that merchants often utilized Xiangjiang waterway for shipping goods. Therefore,
a question arises: what was the speed of Xiangjiang waterway transportation in the Han dynasty? Strip no.
975 from the May First Square, which was newly published in Dec., 2019, provides us very valuable information. We can make two points: Strip no. 975 records an event of Xiangjiang waterway transportation from
Linxiang to Bian county; and the speed of counter-current transportation of Xiangjiang waterway was about
38 li per day in Han measure
《岳麓书院藏秦简（肆）》有两条关于酤酒的规定，与睡虎地秦简
之《田律》颇为一致。由这些律令可知，秦时居住在“田舍”的民众，如果酤酒，就会身陷法网。这些规定是否意味着在乡间普遍地禁止酒的买卖？基于对“田舍”的不同理解，学界有不同的意见。本文另辟蹊径，从禁令出台的时代背景和目的来分析问题。结合《商君书》等文献记载，本文认为禁令服务于秦统一战争的需要，通过禁酒来达到两个目标：提高农夫的劳动效率；节约粮食。因此禁令应该是普遍禁酒。
一桩官司。两姓就两县交界处三片湖面的产权，从乾隆四十一年 ( 1776) 一直争讼到嘉庆四年 ( 1799) ，
鄱阳湖一路打官司到北京城。通过对相关 58 件文书的分析，结合其他材料，我们发现: 虽然原告方曹姓将
自己描绘为受害者，但实际上对争议湖产不具有充分的产权依据，是利用各种借口来侵占杨姓湖产。这个
案例表明，清代民事司法具有积极保护民人产权的一面: 正是官方对民人产权的保护，才迫使强势的曹家
承认弱势的杨姓的产权。更重要的是，官方对这个纠纷的解决颇有创意: 先根据证据判明是非，认定权益
归属，然后引入市场机制，促使双方达成双赢的共识。这种法律与市场的双管齐下，比仅仅依法判定是非
更能抓住产权纠纷的根本。
［关键词］ 鄱阳湖 产权 民间文书 清代 纠纷
除肉刑”與“齊文王之死”表面上看，它們出現在同一篇文獻中似
乎僅僅是因爲名醫倉公( 淳于意) 先後經歷了這兩個事件。但細
讀《倉公傳》，我們發現這兩個事件的記述存在很多疑點，而這些
疑點又指向了文帝時代漢廷與齊國的矛盾。結合出土文獻，筆者
認爲這兩個貌似風馬牛不相及的歷史事件之間，存在某種關聯，統
一於文帝消弱諸侯王權力的大戰略。