Reincarnation
Reincarnation is the name of the idea that people are born again in another body after they die and this cycle continues over many lifetimes. Rebirth or "transmigration" is the preferred term for those believers who do not believe in eternal souls. Many Hindus, Jains, Celtic pagans, Buddhists, and people who follow some African religions believe in reincarnation or rebirth/ transmigration. Carnate means “of flesh”, and reincarnate means to “reenter the flesh".
Belief in reincarnation or rebirth/transmigration
[change | change source]The belief is held in many religions except Islam and Christianity, although 20 to 30 percent of Christians in western countries also believe in reincarnation.[1]
Ethnologists have documented the belief among nearly all the traditional religions of ethnic groups in Africa, North and South America, and Australia/Oceania. The tribes of north-west North America continue to believe in reincarnation despite negative attitudes towards it on the part of Christian missionaries and churches.[1]
Reincarnation in Hinduism
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Hindus believe in reincarnation, the process where the soul repeatedly takes on a physical body through being born on Earth. Ancient scriptures of Hinduism starting around 700 BC teach that the soul, or immortal “self”, takes birth time and time again. The soul survives and continues its long journey until it is one with God. Hindus believe that the soul never dies, but inhabits one body after another during its evolutionary journey guided by karma. Karma (literally: action) is the sum of one's actions, and the force that determines one's next reincarnation.
The soul evolves from immaturity to spiritual illumination. Therefore, each reincarnating soul chooses a home and a family which can best fulfill its next step of learning and maturation. Each life on Earth is similar to a class in school. Maturation of the soul on Earth means fulfilling its worldly desires, which can only be experienced through a body.[2]
At death the soul leaves the physical body. But the soul does not die. It lives on in a subtle body called the astral body. The astral body exists in a nonphysical dimension called the astral plane. Here the soul continues to have experiences until it is born again in another physical body as a baby.[3]
After many lifetimes of following dharma (right way of living), the soul is fully matured in love, wisdom and knowledge of God. There is no longer a need for physical birth, for all lessons have been learned, all karmas fulfilled. When all desire has vanished, the person will not be born again anymore.[4]
Reincarnation research
[change | change source]Ian Stevenson found that the best research evidence supporting the belief in reincarnation comes from the cases of young children who, typically between the ages of 2 and 5, make statements about a previous life they claim to have had before being born.[5] Some 35 per cent of the children also have birthmarks or birth defects which often correspond to injuries or illness experienced by the deceased person who the subject remembers. Medical documents have confirmed this correspondence in more than forty cases.[1]
Past life regression
[change | change source]Some believers of reincarnation (excluding Stevenson) give much importance to supposed past-life memories recalled through hypnosis during past life regressions. Popularized by psychiatrist Brian Weiss, who claims he has regressed more than 4,000 patients since 1980,[6][7] the technique is often called a kind of pseudoscientific practice.[8] Such supposed memories have been documented to contain historical inaccuracies originating from modern popular culture, common beliefs about history, or books that discuss historical events. Experiments with subjects undergoing past life regression indicate that a belief in reincarnation and suggestions by the hypnotist are the two most important factors regarding the contents of memories reported.[9][8][10] The use of hypnosis and suggestive questions can tend to leave the subject particularly likely to hold distorted or false memories.[11] Rather than recall of a previous existence, the source of the memories is more likely cryptomnesia and confabulations that combine experiences, knowledge, imagination and suggestion or guidance from the hypnotist. Once created, those memories are indistinguishable from memories based on events that occurred during the subject's life.[9][12]
Related pages
[change | change source]References
[change | change source]- 1 2 3 Henry, Jane (2005). Parapsychology: Research on Exceptional Experiences. Psychology Press. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-415-21360-8.
- ↑ See Bhagavad Gita XVI.8-20
- ↑ Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami, "Ten Questions people ask About Hinduism …and ten terrific answers!" (p. 4) Archived 2007-04-11 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Rinehart, Robin (2004). Contemporary Hinduism: Ritual, Culture, and Practice. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-57607-905-8.
- ↑ Henry, Jane (2005). Parapsychology: Research on Exceptional Experiences. Psychology Press. p. 225. ISBN 978-0-415-21360-8.
- ↑ Breakfast with Brian Weiss Archived 2004-12-12 at the Wayback Machine, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 5 August 2002, Accessed 25 April 2009.
- ↑ Weinstein-Moser, Edie. "Interview with Brian Weiss" Archived 2019-07-19 at the Wayback Machine. Wisdom magazine. Wisdom-Magazine.com. 2008. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
- 1 2 Spanos NP (1996). Multiple Identities & False Memories: A Sociocognitive Perspective. American Psychological Association (APA). pp. 135–40. ISBN 978-1-55798-340-4.
- 1 2 Carroll RT (2003). The Skeptic's Dictionary: a collection of strange beliefs, amusing deceptions, and dangerous delusions. New York: Wiley. pp. 276–277. ISBN 978-0-471-27242-7.
- ↑ Sumner D (2003). Just Smoke and Mirrors: Religion, Fear and Superstition in Our Modern World. San Jose, [Calif.]: Writers Club Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-595-26523-7.
- ↑ Linse P, Shermer M (2002). The Skeptic encyclopedia of pseudoscience. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO. pp. 206–207. ISBN 978-1-57607-653-8.
- ↑ Cordón LA (2005). Popular psychology: an encyclopedia. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. pp. 183–185. ISBN 978-0-313-32457-4.
Other websites
[change | change source]- Criticisms of Reincarnation Case Studies PSI Encyclopedia