Electrocution

Electrocution of a condemned criminal as a means of execution with an electric chair

Electrocution or electric shock is when electricity passes through something living. It happens when the human body gets in contact with electric current. The word "electrocution" originated as a portmanteau of electricity and execution, referring to those executed by electric chair, but has evolved to describe any fatal encounter with electricity. Nonfatal encounters are called electric shocks, or simply a "shock".

The human body is affected by electric current (measured in Amperes); if the electric current is strong enough, it can stop heartbeat and cause death. High current can cause severe burns and even fry the victim alive. In order for current to flow through a body you need a sufficiently high voltage, typically more than 50 volts AC, and the voltage generator must be able to supply enough current. Super high voltages from a small Tesla coil, supply such a small amount of current that a person feels just a tickle, however a large Tesla coil can burn and kill.

Safety devices like a GFCI or RCD try to protect humans from any current greater than 5 to 30 mA (0.005 to 0.03 Amps). Human muscles are paralyzed – that is, an affected arm or leg is immobile – at currents from 10 to 20 mA; as a result a victim may be unable to let go of a wire that is shocking him. Breathing is difficult with the application of around 20 mA. Breathing stops at about 75mA. The heart fibrillates at about 100 mA; at this high of a shock, death is generally quick. Severe musculature contractions and burning occur with the application of around 200 mA of electricity, although at this high of a shock, the person receiving it is usually dead already.