School of Sociology and Political Sciencel

天狗在陇中地区民众的日常生活中以天狗神和治疗仪式的形式呈现。仪式的首要目的是通过敬献行为讨天神欢喜,以达到敬神和治疗的目标。“讨神欢喜”是当地农村实现敬神的方式,仪式中以参与者“制造热闹”为核心的敬献行为围绕这一方式展开。仪式的深层目的是将因当事人不当行为招致的“天神不喜”的秩序重新回归到“天神欢喜”的规范状态,进而实现地方社会秩序的再生产。仪式提供了中国社会追求“热闹”的另一种地方性解释,即“热闹”作为仪式特定阶段的结构性活动,既是参与者讨天神“欢喜”的敬神行为,又是人类处理世俗世界与神圣世界从交融到结构状态转换的方式。
Tiangou is presented in the daily life of the people in the Longzhong region in the form of the Tiangou deity and healing rituals. The primary purpose of the rituals is to please the god through a series of acts of devotion, thus achieving the goals of worship and healing. "pleasing the gods(taoshenhuanxi)" is the way of worshipping the gods in local villages, and the acts of devotion in the rituals are centered on the participants' "making bustling(zhizaorenao)". The rituals reflect the deity beliefs of the countryside, and the order of people's lives is the practice of the will of the deities in their daily lives. The deeper purpose of the rituals is to return the order of the "the gods are not happy(tianshenbuxi)" caused by the inappropriate behavior of the people involved to the normative state of "the gods are happy(tianshenhuanxi)", thus realizing the reproduction of the local social order. The rituals provide another local explanation for the pursuit of "bustling(renao)" in Chinese society, that is, "bustling(renao)" as a structural activity at a particular stage of a ritual, which is both a godly act for participants to "pleasing" the gods, and a way for human beings to deal with the transition from the secular world to the divine world from blending to a structural state.

国家在农村实施的宅基地测量与不动产登记工作是一种实现乡村空间现代性的空间治理方式。在调查区域，测量和登记时测绘员利用现代科技通过“打点”与“上图”过程对乡村人居空间实现地图上的符号化重塑，在农户实际建筑物空间秩序不发生改变的情况下，测量和登记过程重构了农户实践的建筑物财产权利。同时，“庄”与“家”作为农村社会农户的日常生活空间，其空间秩序的塑造遵循着一套基于当地文化习俗与家户经济的地方知识，亦构成农户家庭实践的财产权利空间。入户过程中农户与测绘员围绕“一户一宅”和建筑物结构产生的争论，不仅表明了国家对农户建筑物空间秩序的符号化重构，重塑了农户“庄”与“家”空间的权利秩序，也反映了处于“乡土中国”与“城乡中国”张力中的农民的财产权利观念的动态变化。
The homestead survey and real estate registration implemented by the state in rural areas is a way of spatial governance to realize the modernity of rural space. In the survey area, during measurement and registration, the surveyors use modern technology to realize the symbolic reconstruction of rural residential space on the map through the process of “dotting” and “plotting”. Under the condition that the spatial order of farmers’ actual buildings does not change, the real estate registration process reconstructs farmers’ practical building property rights. At the same time, “residence(zhuang)” and “home(jia)” as the daily living space of farmers in rural society, the shaping of their spatial order follows a set of local knowledge based on local cultural customs and family economy, and also constitutes the property right space for farmers’ family practice. In the process of entering the household, the disputes between farmers and surveyors about “one house per family (yi hu yi zhai)” and the structure of buildings not only explain the symbolic reconstruction of the spatial order of farmers’ buildings, but also reflect the dynamic concept of property rights of farmers in the tension between “rural China” and “urban-rural China”.

As China's economic power continues to globalize, more and more Chinese companies and people are going overseas to explore new opportunities. In contrast to the existing research that focuses on the overseas operations of Chinese companies or general immigration phenomena, this study focuses on an emerging group of young entrepreneurs in Africa. Based on three exemplary case studies, this paper attempts to explore these young people's reasons for going to Africa, their strategies for coping with difficulties, and their gradually formed new lifestyles and self-awareness. The study finds that this group has a stronger "entrepreneurial spirit" than the domestic mobile

The folk religious practices in China, exemplified by the Zhanjiang Daoshi, exhibit an intertwined nature of religious aspirations and economic objectives. The traditional religious market paradigm proves insufficient in addressing such phenomena. Through theoretical discussion and case analysis, this study proposes a new religious market model that expands the action preferences of believers and clergy from a singular, stable religious demand to a dual structure of “secularity-sacredness.” This model provides a more effective framework for analyzing complex faith-based behaviors in real life and their social consequences.

Nowadays, partly driven by many Web 2.0 applications, more and more social network data has been made publicly available and analyzed in one way or another. Privacy preserving publishing of social network data becomes a more and more important concern. In this paper, we present a brief yet systematic review of the existing anonymization techniques for privacy preserving publishing of social network data. We identify the new challenges in privacy preserving publishing of social network data comparing to the extensively studied relational case, and examine the possible problem formulation in three important dimensions: privacy, background knowledge, and data utility. We survey the anonymization methods for privacy preservation in two categories: clustering-based approaches and graph modification approaches.