Management

The purpose of the study was to investigate the factors influencing implementation of strategic plans in the Municipal Council of Machakos, Kenya. Strategy implementation has been insufficient in many service sectors and especially in the MCM. This has been evidenced by uncompleted projects, indisposed solid waste and inadequate infrastructure. The study comprised of sixty five respondents selected through stratified random sampling from the total population of two hundred and ten employees of the council. The respondents were from the three levels of management involved in strategy implementation which are the top, middle and supervisory levels. In the investigation both quantitative and qualitative methods were used and the questionnaires as data gathering techniques. Validity and Reliability of data instruments were tested and ascertained. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. It was aided by the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) versi...

Based on literature review, this paper theoretically explores the insights into Service Science and its Applications to future Service Production. The insights reviewed shows that, in contrast to the fast service economy development, the advancement in service education and research are far left behind. The service sector accounts for most of the world's economic activity, but it's the least-studied part of the economy. This study concludes that, the high performance service organizations are those which clarify their mission, define outcomes and focus on results, empower employees, motivate and inspire people, are flexible and adjust to new conditions, are competitive in terms of performance, restructure work processes to meet needs, and maintain communications with stakeholders.

Kenyan secondary schools in rural areas are geographically and socially isolated. Rural Kenyan secondary schools face a number of problems including poor management, ways in getting learning materials, as well as inadequacy in qualified teachers. The impact of these problems is poor performance in National Examinations. This poor performance however is highly noted in science and mathematics subjects. The problem of managing and getting learning materials can be reduced by employing controllability in secondary school education system. This paper develops a theory based on control systems to be used in management of Kenyan secondary schools.The paper is aiming to support management, teaching and learning functions in secondary schools by developing mathematical theory. Kenya has only one curriculum for all secondary schools registered under the Ministry of Education. Controllability is concerned with whether one can design control input to steer the state to desired values.

Industrialization as a multidimensional subject results from a variety of factors which equally have wide dimensions and as a result requires a  multiplicity and sometimes unrelated factors and tools to achive it. Even though often underestimated and/or relegated to the background, one of such factors that exerted important impacts on industries especially those found in Sub-Sahara Africa is economic stakes that they adopt. This paper investigated economic stakes of industrialization in Sub-Sahara Africa with references to Kenya. The industrialization orientation of a country depends not only on its industrialization policies but also on a host of other factors including geogrephical features, economic size and natural resource endowment. For example, in some cases the resistance of Sub-Sahara African policy makers to industrial liberalization is advanced as an explanation of the poor overall economic performance of the continent. However, estimates strongly suggest that countires i...

The Government of Kenya launched Free Primary Education (FPE) program in 2003 to relieve parents the burden of provision of learning resources in public primary schools. Nevertheless, FPE Funds given by the government have been rendered inadequate due to ever increasing enrolment and challenges facing its implementation. To ensure smooth learning in schools, parents are called upon to cater for the inadequacies. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. The target population of the study was 1,349 persons constituting of 10 head teachers, 10 BOM chairpersons, 200 teachers and 1,119 class seven pupils. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were employed in the study respectively. A sample size of 300 respondents was used for the study. Data was collected through questionnaire and observation schedule. Validity of the instruments was enhanced through the expert judgement of specialists. Reliability of the instruments was estimated through test – retest method....

The Government of Kenya launched Free Primary Education (FPE) program in 2003 to relieve parents the burden of provision of learning resources in public primary schools. Nevertheless, FPE Funds given by the government have been rendered inadequate due to ever increasing enrolment and challenges facing its implementation. To ensure smooth learning in schools, parents are called upon to cater for the inadequacies. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. The target population of the study was 1,349 persons constituting of 10 head teachers, 10 BOM chairpersons, 200 teachers and 1,119 class seven pupils. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were employed in the study respectively. A sample size of 300 respondents was used for the study. Data was collected through questionnaire and observation schedule. Validity of the instruments was enhanced through the expert judgement of specialists. Reliability of the instruments was estimated through testretest method. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data which was presented inform of tables, charts and text. It was established that the FPE program had adversely affected parental roles in provision of learning resources. It was suggested that parents be educated on their roles as alternative sources of learning resources. It is hoped that the findings of this study would be of great help to the Ministry of Education policy makers and other school stake holders to help improve parental roles in provision of learning resources in public primary schools.

Kenyan secondary schools in rural areas are geographically and socially isolated. Rural Kenyan secondary schools face a number of problems including poor management, ways in getting learning materials, as well as inadequacy in qualified teachers. The impact of these problems is poor performance in National Examinations. This poor performance however is highly noted in science and mathematics subjects. The problem of managing and getting learning materials can be reduced by employing controllability in secondary school education system. This paper develops a theory based on control systems to be used in management of Kenyan secondary schools.The paper is aiming to support management, teaching and learning functions in secondary schools by developing mathematical theory. Kenya has only one curriculum for all secondary schools registered under the Ministry of Education. Controllability is concerned with whether one can design control input to steer the state to desired values.

Industrialization as a multidimensional subject result from a variety of factors which equally have wide dimensions and as a result requires a multiplicity and sometimes unrelated factors and tools to achieve it. Even though often underestimated and/or relegated to the background, one of such factors that have exerted important impacts on industries especially those found in Sub-Sahara Africa is economic stakes that they adopt. This paper investigated economic stakes ofindustrialization in sub-Sahara Africa with reference to Kenya.The industrialization orientation of a country depends not only on its industrialization policies but also on a host of other factors including geographical features, economic size and natural resource endowment. For example, in some cases the resistance of Sub-Sahara African policy makers to industrial liberalization is advanced as an explanation of the poor overall economic performance of the continent. However, estimates strongly suggest that countries in Sub-Sahara Africa industrialize as much as expected if account is taken of these factors.

The development of business in Eastern African region is becoming very lucrative. One of the key reasons of the profound interest in the region from the investor's perspective is the progressing economy. The investment environment in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzanian, Burundi and Rwanda (East African Community, together with South Sudan, Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia) now is substantially better than it was a couple of years ago. The region is becoming of interest partly due to the discovery of oil/gas, political stability as manifested by recent peaceful election in Kenya. Several multinational companies like Tullow Oil plc, CNOOC, African oil corp. and others, have entered the region, increasing demand for housing. East Africa is of particular interest to investors because the market is still virgin. Without analyzing the market situation, an organization is practically doomed to failure because it will not be able to forecast the future needs and demands of customers. This article, therefore sought to carry out a strategic analysis on East Africa's real estate business with particular interest in Uganda National Housing and Construction Company Limited (UNHCC).

Manufacturing strategy as a concept, area of study and practice has been growing for the last recent years. Nevertheless, as it has grown the clarity of manufacturing strategy has diminished as different approaches and different views have appeared. This paper briefly reviewed the significance of manufacturing strategy and its implementation by firms to raise their performance. From literature reviewed it can be concluded that different firms have embraced different manufacturing strategies in order to develop their business performance. Greatest manufacturing strategies in firms should contain aspects such as the anticipation of new technology, and a link between manufacturing strategy and business strategy, a formal strategic planning process, which includes the company's management, and communication of the manufacturing strategy to firm'semployees.This paper recommends a model of manufacturing strategy that includes five decisions areas namely: 1) product design / engineering; 2) production planning and control; 3) organization and management; 4) plant and equipment; and 5) labor and staffing.

Kenya is in the process of implementing Information Communication Technology (ICT) in schools. The government recognizes the positive effect of ICT in making the country a middle level economy has is envisaged in Kenya vision 2030. The government has disseminated several policies that guide its implementation. However, access and availability of ICT in public schools is still patchy. This has been attributed to several hindrances that have lead to its underutilization. Several studies reveal a number of factors influencing teachers' decisions to adopt and use ICT into teaching. This article reviews personal characteristics that encourage teachers' integrate ICT into teaching and learning process. Gender, age, level of education, teaching experience, teacher workload, attitudes towards computer and ICT competence has been identified as factors influencing teachers' adoption and integration of the technology into teaching. These factors are interrelated. The successful implementation of ICT is not dependent on the absence or availability of personal characteristics, but is determined through dynamics process involving a set of interrelated factors. The article concluded that identifying and knowing the extent to which these characteristics affects teachers' during implementation of ICT may help in taking a decision on how to tackle them.

Information Communication Technology (ICT) has contributed greatly to advancement of education in schools globally. However, in Kenyan schools barely use ICT tools to raise teacher productivity, or manage the quality of output, or reduce costs through analyzing expenditures. This is attributed to many challenges facing most schools with regards to implementation of the technology which has resulted to slow rate of adoption and use of ICT, despite its promise and potential in education. This study surveyed some of the challenges principals faced during its implementation.

Many authors argue that school leadership determines how Information Communication Technology (ICT) is implemented and its subsequent impact on teaching and learning. This involves Principal as a school leader to lead in implementation. A positive attitude of school leader towards implementation of ICT will encourage the school community to be actively involved in its implementation. Kenya is in the process of implementing ICT in schools. However, there are many challenges that hinder effective ICT implementation including school leadership challenge. This paper reports that school leader's interest, their commitment and championing implementation of ICT programs in schools positively influences the whole process. The Paper recommends that all school leaders consider using ICT in their day-today activities of running their schools. ICT curriculum and managerial skills should be incorporated to training of school leaders in Kenya. Implementation of ICT is becoming more important to schools and the success of such implementation is often due to presence of effective school leadership. To a large extent, school leaders have been relying on government and development partners to equip schools with ICT infrastructure. This Paper recommends besides sensitizing development partners and waiting for their contributions, school leadership should consider ICT a priority in school and allocate budgets that would promote its implementation. A descriptive survey was used to collect data by administering questionnaires to selected sample of ICT/curriculum teachers, Principals and Board of Governors (BOG) chairpersons from 105 public secondary schools in Meru County, Kenya.

The role of parents in children’s education globally is a central issue in education policy and research. This study sought to ascertain the influence of parental involvement in school related activities on students’ academic achievement in public day secondary schools in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. A sample size of 180 respondents consisting of 175 form 3 students and 5 head teachers from 5 schools was used in the study. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. Before the main study, a pilot study was conducted to establish the reliability of the instruments by use of test-retest technique. A correlation coefficient of 0.88 for students and 0.85 for head teachers was achieved respectively. Descriptive statistics involving frequencies and percentages were used to analyze quantitative and qualitative data. Data collected was presented in form of tables, graphs and charts. It was established that parents were lowly involved in the acad...

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Implementation of ICT in schools in Kenya is a recent activity that has elicited a lot of interest. However, there are many challenges that hamper efficient implementation including cost of infrastructure, electricity, teachers’ skills and leadership. This study explored how these challenges influenced its implementation. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. Out of 350 public secondary schools in Meru County, 105 (30%) were sampled for the study. A total of 315 respondents were sampled through stratified and simple random sampling. Questionnaires were used as main instruments for data collection. Validity of the questionnaires was ensured through judgment of experts, while reliability was established through test and re-tests method during pilot study. Out of 315 questionnaires distributed, 220 (69.8%) were properly filled and returned. Data analysis employed both inferential and descriptive statistical techniques after which the results were presented in tables support...

Kenya is in the process of implementing Information Communication Technology (ICT) in schools. The government recognizes the positive effect of ICT in making the country a middle level economy has is envisaged in Kenya vision 2030. The government has disseminated several policies that guide its implementation. However, access and availability of ICT in public schools is still patchy. This has been attributed to several hindrances that have lead to its underutilization. Several studies reveal a number of factors influencing teachers' decisions to adopt and use ICT into teaching. This article reviews personal characteristics that encourage teachers' integrate ICT into teaching and learning process. Gender, age, level of education, teaching experience, teacher workload, attitudes towards computer and ICT competence has been identified as factors influencing teachers' adoption and integration of the technology into teaching. These factors are interrelated. The successful implementation of ICT is not dependent on the absence or availability of personal characteristics, but is determined through dynamics process involving a set of interrelated factors. The article concluded that identifying and knowing the extent to which these characteristics affects teachers' during implementation of ICT may help in taking a decision on how to tackle them.

Many authors argue that school leadership determines how Information Communication Technology (ICT) is implemented and its subsequent impact on teaching and learning. This involves Principal as a school leader to lead in implementation. A positive attitude of school leader towards implementation of ICT will encourage the school community to be actively involved in its implementation. Kenya is in the process of implementing ICT in schools. However, there are many challenges that hinder effective ICT implementation including school leadership challenge. This paper reports that school leader's interest, their commitment and championing implementation of ICT programs in schools positively influences the whole process. The Paper recommends that all school leaders consider using ICT in their day-today activities of running their schools. ICT curriculum and managerial skills should be incorporated to training of school leaders in Kenya. Implementation of ICT is becoming more important to schools and the success of such implementation is often due to presence of effective school leadership. To a large extent, school leaders have been relying on government and development partners to equip schools with ICT infrastructure. This Paper recommends besides sensitizing development partners and waiting for their contributions, school leadership should consider ICT a priority in school and allocate budgets that would promote its implementation. A descriptive survey was used to collect data by administering questionnaires to selected sample of ICT/curriculum teachers, Principals and Board of Governors (BOG) chairpersons from 105 public secondary schools in Meru County, Kenya.