Álvaro Martínez Pérez
Álvaro Martínez-Pérez joined the Department of Sociological Studies at the University of Sheffield in September 2015. He has a PhD in Applied Social and Economic Research (ISER, University of Essex) and is a Doctor-Member of the Juan March Institute (CEACS). He also holds a Masters in Social Sciences (Juan March Institute), an Advanced Diploma in Political Science and International Relations (UAM), and a BA in Political Science and Public Administration (UCM).
Prior to joining SCS he was Research Associate at the Sheffield University Management School and the Interdisciplinary Centre of Social Sciences at the same university. Previously, he was Postdoctoral Fellow at the Department of Sociology and Organisational Analysis (Universitat de Barcelona) and Research Fellow at the Research Institute for the Evaluation of Public Policies (IRVAPP, Fondazione Bruno Kessler). During his postgraduate studies he was a visiting student at Nuffield College (University of Oxford) and the European University Institute.
His research interests include family sociology, economics of the family, social stratification, electoral behavior, informal economy, informal entrepreneurship and undeclared work. He has specialised in econometric and quantitative methods for the analysis of large scale and complex datasets. He has published on these topics several articles, monographs and book chapters.
Supervisors: Dr. Malcolm Brynin and Prof. Fabrizio Bernardi
Address: Management School
University of Sheffield
Conduit Road S10 1FL
United Kingdom
Prior to joining SCS he was Research Associate at the Sheffield University Management School and the Interdisciplinary Centre of Social Sciences at the same university. Previously, he was Postdoctoral Fellow at the Department of Sociology and Organisational Analysis (Universitat de Barcelona) and Research Fellow at the Research Institute for the Evaluation of Public Policies (IRVAPP, Fondazione Bruno Kessler). During his postgraduate studies he was a visiting student at Nuffield College (University of Oxford) and the European University Institute.
His research interests include family sociology, economics of the family, social stratification, electoral behavior, informal economy, informal entrepreneurship and undeclared work. He has specialised in econometric and quantitative methods for the analysis of large scale and complex datasets. He has published on these topics several articles, monographs and book chapters.
Supervisors: Dr. Malcolm Brynin and Prof. Fabrizio Bernardi
Address: Management School
University of Sheffield
Conduit Road S10 1FL
United Kingdom
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Published articles by Álvaro Martínez Pérez
domestic tasks in dual-earner mixed-sex couples and the use Accepted 29 May 2018
of paid domestic services. Using results from a small-scale survey
KEYWORDS
of the domestic outsourcing practices of employees of a large
Domestic labour; domestic
service-sector organisation in the UK, we find that in households:
services; dual-earner couple;
full-time working by women and presence of younger children is
gender; divisions of labour
positively associated with the use of paid domestic services; there
is no association between the gender division of traditionally
female domestic tasks carried out within the couple and use of
paid services; but in contrast, greater male involvement in
traditionally male and traditionally gender-neutral tasks is
positively associating with using paid domestic services. These
findings tentatively suggest that a new arrangement may be
emerging in which some couples address a heavy workload and a
desire for a less traditional division of domestic labour by men
participating more in close-ended domestic tasks and outsourcing
the more time-consuming tasks traditionally undertaken by
women to paid-service providers.
la pobreza. El objetivo de este artículo es radiografiar
los principales perfiles de la pobreza que surgen con
la crisis, así como rastrear las trayectorias de los nuevos pobres en los años de crisis. En el trabajo nos preguntamos quiénes se empobrecen, en qué magnitud,
y cuáles son los principales itinerarios de empobrecimiento. Bajo estas preguntas subyace un objetivo de
carácter más general: conocer cómo se reconfiguran
las estructuras de desigualdad de nuestro país en los
últimos años.
decide their vote. In this article, we try to advance the literature by disentangling the circumstances under which voters are more likely to be undecided. While the traditional approach to the study of electoral indecision has been to characterize which individual traits make voters more likely to be undecided, this article provides consistent evidence showing that key elements of the political context may also affect electoral indecision. Using long-term
harmonized data from Spanish pre-electoral surveys over thirty years, we find that voting indecision is influenced by two different types of contextual factors. First, there are some political contexts that reduce voters‘ cognitive costs when deciding their vote i.e. the level of electoral competitiveness and the number of parties competing in the elections. Second, there are other political contexts that increase voters‘ social or expressive costs i.e. the level of government popularity, since costs of expressing preference for the party in government decreases when its public image is undermined
the informal economy and whether they do so to test-trade the viability of their
businesses. Reporting a 2012 survey of 595 small business owners in the UK,
20% report trading informally when starting their business, 64% of whom
asserted a main reason was to test its viability. Some 13% of all small
businesses therefore start-up test-trading in the informal economy, although
multivariate analysis shows that businesses started by men, with low current
annual turnovers in particular sectors are significantly more likely to do so.
Regional variations are not significant. The outcome is a call for not only
similar studies in other countries to determine the proportion of enterprises that
start up test-trading in the informal economy but also a discussion of the policy
implications of this finding.
variations in the level tax morality across the European Union. In order to do this, three competing
explanations for the cross-national variations in tax morality will be evaluated which variously view
lower levels of tax morality to be a result of either: under-development (a modernisation explanation);
high taxes, state corruption and too much state interference (a neo-liberal explanation), or too little
state redistribution and intervention to protect citizens (a structuralist explanation). Evaluating the
cross-national variations in tax morality reported in a 2007 Eurobarometer survey using multi
level
econometric techniques, the finding is that the tax morality of a baseline European citizen is higher in
more developed and less corrupt nations and in countries with higher levels of taxation, social protection
and redistribution. The outcome is a call for a synthesis of the three explanations in the form of a new
neo-modernisation explanation which, contrary to neo-liberal discourse, argues that developed nations
with higher levels of taxation, greater levels of social protection and higher levels of redistribution have
higher levels of tax morality. The tentative policy implications are then discussed
transactions are rational economic actors simply seeking a lower price, evidence from 26,659
interviews conducted in 27 European Union member states in 2007 is reported. This reveals that a
lower price is the sole reason for just 44% of all informal economy purchases, one of several reasons
for 28% of such purchases and not a reason in 28% of cases. A multinomial logit regression analysis
reveals how the reasons for cash-in-hand purchases vary across populations. The implications for
explaining the cash-in-hand consumer culture and policy are then explored.
Papers by Álvaro Martínez Pérez
domestic tasks in dual-earner mixed-sex couples and the use Accepted 29 May 2018
of paid domestic services. Using results from a small-scale survey
KEYWORDS
of the domestic outsourcing practices of employees of a large
Domestic labour; domestic
service-sector organisation in the UK, we find that in households:
services; dual-earner couple;
full-time working by women and presence of younger children is
gender; divisions of labour
positively associated with the use of paid domestic services; there
is no association between the gender division of traditionally
female domestic tasks carried out within the couple and use of
paid services; but in contrast, greater male involvement in
traditionally male and traditionally gender-neutral tasks is
positively associating with using paid domestic services. These
findings tentatively suggest that a new arrangement may be
emerging in which some couples address a heavy workload and a
desire for a less traditional division of domestic labour by men
participating more in close-ended domestic tasks and outsourcing
the more time-consuming tasks traditionally undertaken by
women to paid-service providers.
la pobreza. El objetivo de este artículo es radiografiar
los principales perfiles de la pobreza que surgen con
la crisis, así como rastrear las trayectorias de los nuevos pobres en los años de crisis. En el trabajo nos preguntamos quiénes se empobrecen, en qué magnitud,
y cuáles son los principales itinerarios de empobrecimiento. Bajo estas preguntas subyace un objetivo de
carácter más general: conocer cómo se reconfiguran
las estructuras de desigualdad de nuestro país en los
últimos años.
decide their vote. In this article, we try to advance the literature by disentangling the circumstances under which voters are more likely to be undecided. While the traditional approach to the study of electoral indecision has been to characterize which individual traits make voters more likely to be undecided, this article provides consistent evidence showing that key elements of the political context may also affect electoral indecision. Using long-term
harmonized data from Spanish pre-electoral surveys over thirty years, we find that voting indecision is influenced by two different types of contextual factors. First, there are some political contexts that reduce voters‘ cognitive costs when deciding their vote i.e. the level of electoral competitiveness and the number of parties competing in the elections. Second, there are other political contexts that increase voters‘ social or expressive costs i.e. the level of government popularity, since costs of expressing preference for the party in government decreases when its public image is undermined
the informal economy and whether they do so to test-trade the viability of their
businesses. Reporting a 2012 survey of 595 small business owners in the UK,
20% report trading informally when starting their business, 64% of whom
asserted a main reason was to test its viability. Some 13% of all small
businesses therefore start-up test-trading in the informal economy, although
multivariate analysis shows that businesses started by men, with low current
annual turnovers in particular sectors are significantly more likely to do so.
Regional variations are not significant. The outcome is a call for not only
similar studies in other countries to determine the proportion of enterprises that
start up test-trading in the informal economy but also a discussion of the policy
implications of this finding.
variations in the level tax morality across the European Union. In order to do this, three competing
explanations for the cross-national variations in tax morality will be evaluated which variously view
lower levels of tax morality to be a result of either: under-development (a modernisation explanation);
high taxes, state corruption and too much state interference (a neo-liberal explanation), or too little
state redistribution and intervention to protect citizens (a structuralist explanation). Evaluating the
cross-national variations in tax morality reported in a 2007 Eurobarometer survey using multi
level
econometric techniques, the finding is that the tax morality of a baseline European citizen is higher in
more developed and less corrupt nations and in countries with higher levels of taxation, social protection
and redistribution. The outcome is a call for a synthesis of the three explanations in the form of a new
neo-modernisation explanation which, contrary to neo-liberal discourse, argues that developed nations
with higher levels of taxation, greater levels of social protection and higher levels of redistribution have
higher levels of tax morality. The tentative policy implications are then discussed
transactions are rational economic actors simply seeking a lower price, evidence from 26,659
interviews conducted in 27 European Union member states in 2007 is reported. This reveals that a
lower price is the sole reason for just 44% of all informal economy purchases, one of several reasons
for 28% of such purchases and not a reason in 28% of cases. A multinomial logit regression analysis
reveals how the reasons for cash-in-hand purchases vary across populations. The implications for
explaining the cash-in-hand consumer culture and policy are then explored.