The purpose of this paper is to identify and prioritize effective factors in the performance base... more The purpose of this paper is to identify and prioritize effective factors in the performance based budgeting (PBB) in Telecommunication Company of East Azerbaijan, Iran. The participants of the study include 96 managers, vice-managers and employees of financial, administrative and budgetary units of the company. The tool for data collection in this study was a questionnaire that has 53 questions which was distributed after proving its validity and reliability. After collecting the questionnaire, the data obtained were summarized and classified using descriptive statistical methods and in order to test the research hypotheses, SPSS, Excel and TOPSIS software were used. The results showed that environmental, administrative and operational controls are requirements of PBB and its noncompliance in organizations is a barrier in ABB implementation. From the aforementioned factors, environmental factors are the most influential and executive and control factors go in next, respectively.
Background. While more and more sport organizations broadly acknowledge their ability at deliveri... more Background. While more and more sport organizations broadly acknowledge their ability at delivering social values, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is rapidly growing at a significant rate across the professional sport industry and its related organizations. Despite the growing body of research in this area, measuring CSR is still problematic. Objectives. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide an efficient, valid, and reliable measure of CSR reflecting the responsibilities of sport industry. Methods. Based on a proposed conceptual framework of CSR, a scale was developed via a standard procedure for developing instrument measures. In this study, to determine and assess the underlying factorial structure, convergent and discriminate validity of measurement scale, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Data was collected from 640 sport fans in Iran's Football Premier League. Results. The results of the analysis provided a five-dimensional structure of CSR in sport, such as economic, philanthropic, ethical, legal, and environmental issues. These dimensions explained 50.827% of the total variance. In addition, the KMO measure was computed and the results indicated an index of 0.927. Moreover, the values of Cronbach's alpha obtained for five factors ranged from 0.848 to 0.967. The results show the reliability and validity of this new scale in sport industry. Conclusion. This study implies that from a consumer's perspective, CSR is perceived as a set of attributes; therefore, it is important for a professional sports team's management to understand fans' interest in social issues and fans' responses to various CSR programs.
Objective: This study aims to systematically investigate the use of partial least squares-structu... more Objective: This study aims to systematically investigate the use of partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in sports management journals, and provide instructions and guidelines to apply this method. Methodology: This study is a systematic review, and secondary data was used. 183 studies of all PLS-SEM studies in 14 journals of sport management, published between 2020 and 2022, were analyzed in terms of reasons for using PLS-SEM, data characteristics, model characteristics, evaluation of measurement models, structural model evaluation, reporting, and using advanced analysis. Results: The results show that the researchers have indicated a few reasons to apply PLS-SEM, which majority of articles highlighted small sample size and lack of data normality. The results identified several issues in reporting the measurement model assessment, especially for measurement evaluation of second-order models. In addition, the findings show that most of studies have not considered reporting the advanced criteria for evaluating of structural model. Conclusion: The results of this study assist researchers, reviewers and editors of journals to be more mindful, in future studies regarding the reporting of the results using PLS-SEM and avoid incorrect conclusions.
Purpose: This study aims to identify the factors affecting the Rough Set Theory-Based Iranian Spo... more Purpose: This study aims to identify the factors affecting the Rough Set Theory-Based Iranian Sports Entrepreneurship Ecosystem and their prioritization in terms of Rough Set Theory. Methodology: This study is a type of mixed research. Thirteen experts in the field of entrepreneurship participated in the qualitative phase, and 15 experts in the field of entrepreneurship who were selected in a targeted method participated in the quantitative phase. A semi-structured interview served as the data collection method for the qualitative part of the study. The researcher created a questionnaire to gather data for the quantitative section. Findings: In the qualitative section using the theme analysis method, 193 basic themes, 25 organizing themes, and six inclusive themes were found. The inclusive themes covered market possibilities, money, business, legal infrastructure, physical infrastructure, entrepreneurial sports prospects, and business environment quality. The results of the quantitative part of the study revealed that the commercial and legal infrastructures are more significant than other identified themes and that the quality of the business environment is the minimum considerable factor influencing the entrepreneurial sports ecosystem. Originality: Using the theme analysis approach and Rough Set Theory-based AHP, the current research aims to identify and prioritize the elements impacting the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Iranian sports. According to this study, a wide range of variables may contribute to the Iranian sports’ entrepreneurial ecosystem growth.
Annotation: Studies three concepts of transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadershi... more Annotation: Studies three concepts of transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leaderships as three independent and individual dimensions. This field study is descriptive and correlative. Statistical population of this study is the volunteer students in universities’ sport associations of 10 regions of the country. Among 73 universities, 17 had active sport associations. Based on Morgan table, 231 students were selected as statistical sample (n=231) from which the results of 208 questionnaires were analyzed. Bass and Avolio (1995) Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) was used to measure managers’ leadership style of the universities’ sport administrations. This questionnaire includes 41 questions with 5-value Lickert scale (1=never to 5=always). Choosing satisfaction from experiencing as the most important dimension of satisfaction shows volunteers’ high level of satisfaction from experiences they have acquired in universities sport associations. The reason of this fa...
The purpose of this paper is to identify and prioritize effective factors in the performance base... more The purpose of this paper is to identify and prioritize effective factors in the performance based budgeting (PBB) in Telecommunication Company of East Azerbaijan, Iran. The participants of the study include 96 managers, vice-managers and employees of financial, administrative and budgetary units of the company. The tool for data collection in this study was a questionnaire that has 53 questions which was distributed after proving its validity and reliability. After collecting the questionnaire, the data obtained were summarized and classified using descriptive statistical methods and in order to test the research hypotheses, SPSS, Excel and TOPSIS software were used. The results showed that environmental, administrative and operational controls are requirements of PBB and its noncompliance in organizations is a barrier in ABB implementation. From the aforementioned factors, environmental factors are the most influential and executive and control factors go in next, respectively.
Background. While more and more sport organizations broadly acknowledge their ability at deliveri... more Background. While more and more sport organizations broadly acknowledge their ability at delivering social values, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is rapidly growing at a significant rate across the professional sport industry and its related organizations. Despite the growing body of research in this area, measuring CSR is still problematic. Objectives. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide an efficient, valid, and reliable measure of CSR reflecting the responsibilities of sport industry. Methods. Based on a proposed conceptual framework of CSR, a scale was developed via a standard procedure for developing instrument measures. In this study, to determine and assess the underlying factorial structure, convergent and discriminate validity of measurement scale, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Data was collected from 640 sport fans in Iran's Football Premier League. Results. The results of the analysis provided a five-dimensional structure of CSR in sport, such as economic, philanthropic, ethical, legal, and environmental issues. These dimensions explained 50.827% of the total variance. In addition, the KMO measure was computed and the results indicated an index of 0.927. Moreover, the values of Cronbach's alpha obtained for five factors ranged from 0.848 to 0.967. The results show the reliability and validity of this new scale in sport industry. Conclusion. This study implies that from a consumer's perspective, CSR is perceived as a set of attributes; therefore, it is important for a professional sports team's management to understand fans' interest in social issues and fans' responses to various CSR programs.
Objective: This study aims to systematically investigate the use of partial least squares-structu... more Objective: This study aims to systematically investigate the use of partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in sports management journals, and provide instructions and guidelines to apply this method. Methodology: This study is a systematic review, and secondary data was used. 183 studies of all PLS-SEM studies in 14 journals of sport management, published between 2020 and 2022, were analyzed in terms of reasons for using PLS-SEM, data characteristics, model characteristics, evaluation of measurement models, structural model evaluation, reporting, and using advanced analysis. Results: The results show that the researchers have indicated a few reasons to apply PLS-SEM, which majority of articles highlighted small sample size and lack of data normality. The results identified several issues in reporting the measurement model assessment, especially for measurement evaluation of second-order models. In addition, the findings show that most of studies have not considered reporting the advanced criteria for evaluating of structural model. Conclusion: The results of this study assist researchers, reviewers and editors of journals to be more mindful, in future studies regarding the reporting of the results using PLS-SEM and avoid incorrect conclusions.
Purpose: This study aims to identify the factors affecting the Rough Set Theory-Based Iranian Spo... more Purpose: This study aims to identify the factors affecting the Rough Set Theory-Based Iranian Sports Entrepreneurship Ecosystem and their prioritization in terms of Rough Set Theory. Methodology: This study is a type of mixed research. Thirteen experts in the field of entrepreneurship participated in the qualitative phase, and 15 experts in the field of entrepreneurship who were selected in a targeted method participated in the quantitative phase. A semi-structured interview served as the data collection method for the qualitative part of the study. The researcher created a questionnaire to gather data for the quantitative section. Findings: In the qualitative section using the theme analysis method, 193 basic themes, 25 organizing themes, and six inclusive themes were found. The inclusive themes covered market possibilities, money, business, legal infrastructure, physical infrastructure, entrepreneurial sports prospects, and business environment quality. The results of the quantitative part of the study revealed that the commercial and legal infrastructures are more significant than other identified themes and that the quality of the business environment is the minimum considerable factor influencing the entrepreneurial sports ecosystem. Originality: Using the theme analysis approach and Rough Set Theory-based AHP, the current research aims to identify and prioritize the elements impacting the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Iranian sports. According to this study, a wide range of variables may contribute to the Iranian sports’ entrepreneurial ecosystem growth.
Annotation: Studies three concepts of transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadershi... more Annotation: Studies three concepts of transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leaderships as three independent and individual dimensions. This field study is descriptive and correlative. Statistical population of this study is the volunteer students in universities’ sport associations of 10 regions of the country. Among 73 universities, 17 had active sport associations. Based on Morgan table, 231 students were selected as statistical sample (n=231) from which the results of 208 questionnaires were analyzed. Bass and Avolio (1995) Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) was used to measure managers’ leadership style of the universities’ sport administrations. This questionnaire includes 41 questions with 5-value Lickert scale (1=never to 5=always). Choosing satisfaction from experiencing as the most important dimension of satisfaction shows volunteers’ high level of satisfaction from experiences they have acquired in universities sport associations. The reason of this fa...
Uploads
Papers by Reza Andam
Methodology: This study is a type of mixed research. Thirteen experts in the field of entrepreneurship participated in the qualitative phase, and 15 experts in the field of entrepreneurship who were selected in a targeted method participated in the quantitative phase. A semi-structured interview served as the data collection method for the qualitative part of the study. The researcher created a questionnaire to gather data for the quantitative section.
Findings: In the qualitative section using the theme analysis method, 193 basic themes, 25 organizing themes, and six inclusive themes were found. The inclusive themes covered market possibilities, money, business, legal infrastructure, physical infrastructure, entrepreneurial sports prospects, and business environment quality. The results of the quantitative part of the study revealed that the commercial and legal infrastructures are more significant than other identified themes and that the quality of the business environment is the minimum considerable factor influencing the entrepreneurial sports ecosystem.
Originality: Using the theme analysis approach and Rough Set Theory-based AHP, the current research aims to identify and prioritize the elements impacting the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Iranian sports. According to this study, a wide range of variables may contribute to the Iranian sports’ entrepreneurial ecosystem growth.
Methodology: This study is a type of mixed research. Thirteen experts in the field of entrepreneurship participated in the qualitative phase, and 15 experts in the field of entrepreneurship who were selected in a targeted method participated in the quantitative phase. A semi-structured interview served as the data collection method for the qualitative part of the study. The researcher created a questionnaire to gather data for the quantitative section.
Findings: In the qualitative section using the theme analysis method, 193 basic themes, 25 organizing themes, and six inclusive themes were found. The inclusive themes covered market possibilities, money, business, legal infrastructure, physical infrastructure, entrepreneurial sports prospects, and business environment quality. The results of the quantitative part of the study revealed that the commercial and legal infrastructures are more significant than other identified themes and that the quality of the business environment is the minimum considerable factor influencing the entrepreneurial sports ecosystem.
Originality: Using the theme analysis approach and Rough Set Theory-based AHP, the current research aims to identify and prioritize the elements impacting the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Iranian sports. According to this study, a wide range of variables may contribute to the Iranian sports’ entrepreneurial ecosystem growth.