Theories of procedural justice suggest that individuals who experience respectful and fair legal ... more Theories of procedural justice suggest that individuals who experience respectful and fair legal decision-making procedures are more likely to believe in the legitimacy of the law and, in turn, are less likely to reoffend. However, few studies have examined these relationships in youth. To begin to fill this gap in the literature, in the current study, the authors studied 92 youth (67 male, 25 female) on probation regarding their perceptions of procedural justice and legitimacy, and then monitored their offending over the subsequent 6 months. Results indicated that perceptions of procedural justice predicted self-reported offending at 3 months but not at 6 months, and that youths' beliefs about the legitimacy of the law did not mediate this relationship. Furthermore, procedural justice continued to account for unique variance in self-reported offending over and above the predictive power of well-established risk factors for offending (i.e., peer delinquency, substance abuse, psychopathy, and age at first contact with the law). Theoretically, the current study provides evidence that models of procedural justice developed for adults are only partially replicated in a sample of youth; practically, this research suggests that by treating adolescents in a fair and just manner, justice professionals may be able to reduce the likelihood that adolescents will reoffend, at least in the short term.
Designed to meet the specific needs of lawyers, Forensic Assessments in Criminal and Civil Law: A... more Designed to meet the specific needs of lawyers, Forensic Assessments in Criminal and Civil Law: A Handbook for Lawyers provides insight into what to expect from forensic mental health evaluations and how to navigate these assessments with skill and competence. The volume is divided into sections by evaluation type: criminal, civil, and juvenile and family evaluations. Each chapter addresses one of the most commonly requested forensic evaluations and is written by a forensic psychologist with both academic and professional experience with that type of evaluation. Specific evaluation types discussed include competence to stand trial in adults and juveniles, criminal responsibility, violence risk in adults, jury selection, eyewitness identification, personal injury claims, civil commitment, workplace disability, child custody, juveniles' risks and needs, and more. This handbook is a comprehensive, one-stop resource for lawyers, judges, and other legal professionals seeking to further their knowledge of forensic assessments.
Background Studies of mentally disordered offenders have defined and measured mental disorder in ... more Background Studies of mentally disordered offenders have defined and measured mental disorder in very different ways. We evaluated the agreement among six different definitions of mental disorder: narrow versus broad definitions based on measures of psychiatric ...
International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2012
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), defined as deliberate self-directed tissue damage, presents a se... more Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), defined as deliberate self-directed tissue damage, presents a serious health concern for offender populations. Approximately one-third of offenders report a history of NSSI, and it is the most common reason for mental health treatment within correctional settings. To date, no review exists with a specific focus on NSSI in criminal justice contexts. Therefore, the primary aim of this article is to review research on NSSI within correctional settings. Specifically, we explore the role of risk factors for NSSI. We also examine the functions of NSSI within correctional contexts. In addition, we evaluate the evidence for potential assessment tools and treatments for NSSI. Taken together, our review suggests that risk factors for NSSI must be considered differently in correctional settings, due to the high base rates of these vulnerabilities. Further, although environmental control is a more salient function of NSSI within correctional settings, the primary motive for engaging in this behavior remains emotion regulation. Finally, despite the emergence of several promising treatments for NSSI within correctional settings, larger scale studies are necessary to determine the efficacy of these interventions.
International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2010
Canada and the Netherlands represent two extremes in unfitness to stand trial practices. In Canad... more Canada and the Netherlands represent two extremes in unfitness to stand trial practices. In Canada, a substantial number of defendants are found unfit annually, while in the Netherlands the practice has been limited to just a few cases in the past two centuries. In explaining this contrast, most comparisons point solely at differences in criminal procedure. The authors conclude that
... (*) Simon Fraser University, Canada. (**) Simon Fraser University, Department of Psy-chology.... more ... (*) Simon Fraser University, Canada. (**) Simon Fraser University, Department of Psy-chology. Correspondence should be addressed to Pro-fessor Roesch, PO Box 8014-153, Blaine, WA 98231-8014, Canada, email: [email protected] Page 2. ... (1960). Everington, CT (1990). ...
International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, Apr 1, 2010
... DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2010.501846 Andrew Spice a , Jodi L. Viljoen ... more likely to recidiv... more ... DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2010.501846 Andrew Spice a , Jodi L. Viljoen ... more likely to recidivate than youth retained in juvenile court even after a number of risk-related variables (eg, number of past offenses) are controlled for (Bishop et al., 19963. Bishop, DM, Frazier, CE, Lanza ...
Based on an examination of current methods used to define and assess a defendant's competency to ... more Based on an examination of current methods used to define and assess a defendant's competency to stand trial, the authors propose an assessment and research instrument, referred to as the Interdisciplinary Fitness Interview (IFI). The IFI is a structured interview and rating scale designed to take into account both legal and mental health issues, and calls for an interdisciplinary approach to the assessment of competency. The purpose of the present study was to provide preliminary reliability and validity data on the use of the IFI in one jurisdiction. The results are discussed in terms of policy implications and the development of methods for evaluating competency with brief screening interviews in less restrictive settings.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 14999013 2006 10471239, Feb 17, 2012
This study was designed to examine correctional officers' (COs') perceptions of offenders with me... more This study was designed to examine correctional officers' (COs') perceptions of offenders with mental disorders (MDOs) in relation to non-disordered offenders, patients with mental illness, and the general public as a replication of research conducted by Kropp, Cox, Roesch, and Eaves (1989). The objective was to investigate i) the nature of COs' perceptions and how they have changed over time, ii) the type of training officers receive to manage MDOs, and iii) the impact of training and burnout on perceptions towards the four target groups. Results indicated that while perceptions toward MDOs have become increasingly positive over time, this group continues to be viewed unfavorably relative to other non-incarcerated populations. Compared to non-disordered offenders, officers held more positive attitudes toward MDOs. Training specifically related to mental illness was associated with more positive perceptions of MDOs. Emotional exhaustion predicted poorer perceptions of MDOs. Depersonalization predicted poorer perceptions of non-disordered offenders. Officers advocated the need for supplementary training to effectively manage MDOs.
Theories of procedural justice suggest that individuals who experience respectful and fair legal ... more Theories of procedural justice suggest that individuals who experience respectful and fair legal decision-making procedures are more likely to believe in the legitimacy of the law and, in turn, are less likely to reoffend. However, few studies have examined these relationships in youth. To begin to fill this gap in the literature, in the current study, the authors studied 92 youth (67 male, 25 female) on probation regarding their perceptions of procedural justice and legitimacy, and then monitored their offending over the subsequent 6 months. Results indicated that perceptions of procedural justice predicted self-reported offending at 3 months but not at 6 months, and that youths' beliefs about the legitimacy of the law did not mediate this relationship. Furthermore, procedural justice continued to account for unique variance in self-reported offending over and above the predictive power of well-established risk factors for offending (i.e., peer delinquency, substance abuse, psychopathy, and age at first contact with the law). Theoretically, the current study provides evidence that models of procedural justice developed for adults are only partially replicated in a sample of youth; practically, this research suggests that by treating adolescents in a fair and just manner, justice professionals may be able to reduce the likelihood that adolescents will reoffend, at least in the short term.
Designed to meet the specific needs of lawyers, Forensic Assessments in Criminal and Civil Law: A... more Designed to meet the specific needs of lawyers, Forensic Assessments in Criminal and Civil Law: A Handbook for Lawyers provides insight into what to expect from forensic mental health evaluations and how to navigate these assessments with skill and competence. The volume is divided into sections by evaluation type: criminal, civil, and juvenile and family evaluations. Each chapter addresses one of the most commonly requested forensic evaluations and is written by a forensic psychologist with both academic and professional experience with that type of evaluation. Specific evaluation types discussed include competence to stand trial in adults and juveniles, criminal responsibility, violence risk in adults, jury selection, eyewitness identification, personal injury claims, civil commitment, workplace disability, child custody, juveniles' risks and needs, and more. This handbook is a comprehensive, one-stop resource for lawyers, judges, and other legal professionals seeking to further their knowledge of forensic assessments.
Background Studies of mentally disordered offenders have defined and measured mental disorder in ... more Background Studies of mentally disordered offenders have defined and measured mental disorder in very different ways. We evaluated the agreement among six different definitions of mental disorder: narrow versus broad definitions based on measures of psychiatric ...
International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2012
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), defined as deliberate self-directed tissue damage, presents a se... more Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), defined as deliberate self-directed tissue damage, presents a serious health concern for offender populations. Approximately one-third of offenders report a history of NSSI, and it is the most common reason for mental health treatment within correctional settings. To date, no review exists with a specific focus on NSSI in criminal justice contexts. Therefore, the primary aim of this article is to review research on NSSI within correctional settings. Specifically, we explore the role of risk factors for NSSI. We also examine the functions of NSSI within correctional contexts. In addition, we evaluate the evidence for potential assessment tools and treatments for NSSI. Taken together, our review suggests that risk factors for NSSI must be considered differently in correctional settings, due to the high base rates of these vulnerabilities. Further, although environmental control is a more salient function of NSSI within correctional settings, the primary motive for engaging in this behavior remains emotion regulation. Finally, despite the emergence of several promising treatments for NSSI within correctional settings, larger scale studies are necessary to determine the efficacy of these interventions.
International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2010
Canada and the Netherlands represent two extremes in unfitness to stand trial practices. In Canad... more Canada and the Netherlands represent two extremes in unfitness to stand trial practices. In Canada, a substantial number of defendants are found unfit annually, while in the Netherlands the practice has been limited to just a few cases in the past two centuries. In explaining this contrast, most comparisons point solely at differences in criminal procedure. The authors conclude that
... (*) Simon Fraser University, Canada. (**) Simon Fraser University, Department of Psy-chology.... more ... (*) Simon Fraser University, Canada. (**) Simon Fraser University, Department of Psy-chology. Correspondence should be addressed to Pro-fessor Roesch, PO Box 8014-153, Blaine, WA 98231-8014, Canada, email: [email protected] Page 2. ... (1960). Everington, CT (1990). ...
International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, Apr 1, 2010
... DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2010.501846 Andrew Spice a , Jodi L. Viljoen ... more likely to recidiv... more ... DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2010.501846 Andrew Spice a , Jodi L. Viljoen ... more likely to recidivate than youth retained in juvenile court even after a number of risk-related variables (eg, number of past offenses) are controlled for (Bishop et al., 19963. Bishop, DM, Frazier, CE, Lanza ...
Based on an examination of current methods used to define and assess a defendant's competency to ... more Based on an examination of current methods used to define and assess a defendant's competency to stand trial, the authors propose an assessment and research instrument, referred to as the Interdisciplinary Fitness Interview (IFI). The IFI is a structured interview and rating scale designed to take into account both legal and mental health issues, and calls for an interdisciplinary approach to the assessment of competency. The purpose of the present study was to provide preliminary reliability and validity data on the use of the IFI in one jurisdiction. The results are discussed in terms of policy implications and the development of methods for evaluating competency with brief screening interviews in less restrictive settings.
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 14999013 2006 10471239, Feb 17, 2012
This study was designed to examine correctional officers' (COs') perceptions of offenders with me... more This study was designed to examine correctional officers' (COs') perceptions of offenders with mental disorders (MDOs) in relation to non-disordered offenders, patients with mental illness, and the general public as a replication of research conducted by Kropp, Cox, Roesch, and Eaves (1989). The objective was to investigate i) the nature of COs' perceptions and how they have changed over time, ii) the type of training officers receive to manage MDOs, and iii) the impact of training and burnout on perceptions towards the four target groups. Results indicated that while perceptions toward MDOs have become increasingly positive over time, this group continues to be viewed unfavorably relative to other non-incarcerated populations. Compared to non-disordered offenders, officers held more positive attitudes toward MDOs. Training specifically related to mental illness was associated with more positive perceptions of MDOs. Emotional exhaustion predicted poorer perceptions of MDOs. Depersonalization predicted poorer perceptions of non-disordered offenders. Officers advocated the need for supplementary training to effectively manage MDOs.
Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 1996
To examine the prevalence of homelessness and its relationship to mental disorder, criminal behav... more To examine the prevalence of homelessness and its relationship to mental disorder, criminal behaviour, and health care. Interview and file data were collected for 790 male admissions to a large, pretrial jail facility over a 12-month period. A significant relationship was found between homelessness and severe mental disorder as well as between homelessness and prior psychiatric history. There were no significant differences found between the homeless and the nonhomeless on the types of crimes for which they were incarcerated or on contact with health care services within the past year. The findings indicate the need for a link between the jail and community services for homeless individuals.
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