Engenharia de Controle e Automação

O monitoramento por patentes é uma ferramenta informacional de tomada de decisão que promove uma melhor inserção de tecnologias na cadeia produtiva. O artigo objetiva apontar quem são os principais players mundiais no âmbito da aplicação de resíduos para a produção de fertilizantes e, por conseguinte, subsidiar, através de dados de séries históricas de patentes, estratégias de atuação pautadas nas ações de inovação, tecnologia e sustentabilidade demandadas pela sociedade. Para tal finalidade, apresenta os resultados do acesso a base de dados de patentes relacionadas à produção de fertilizantes a partir de resíduos por meio do sistema de busca avançada de patentes da ferramenta Questel Orbit. O Questel Orbit é um sistema de busca e análise de informações contidas em patentes que permite aos usuários, empresas e instituições acessar informações de publicações de patentes em mais de 90 (noventa) países. Verifica-se a proeminência da China e do Japão dentre os resultados obtidos: no âmbito de Instituições responsáveis por estas publicações de patente, a Zhejiang University, Universidade chinesa, aparece como a principal, com 114 (cento e quatorze) famílias de patente, seguida pela instituição Kubota, empresa japonesa sediada em Osaka, com 108 (cento e oito) famílias de patente e a Hitachi, empresa japonesa sediada em Tóquio, com 106 (cento e seis) famílias de patentes. A Yanmar Agricultural Equipment, também empresa japonesa, surge com a totalidade de 100 (cem) famílias de patente. Os dados resultantes do monitoramento permitem, assim, apontar tendências e cenários para investimentos em tecnologia e planejamento no âmbito dos biofertilizantes.

The present paper presents the results and discussions established in the tests developed to enable the application of microencapsulated abrasive inside polyurethane sponge media, reusable, clean, dry, low dust generation, in the internal pipes and connections (spools) blasting. The purpose of the test is to ensure proper surface preparation of the substrate with respect to the cleaning requirements of visible and invisible contaminants and an anchor profile generation with a focus on sustainability and environmental preservation. The tests enabled, in this stage, the evaluation of: The reached cleanliness (visual); The device ability of preparing curves (spools) surface; the obtained anchor profile (micrometers) measurement; the estimated required speed to drag the device (m/min); The Productivity Estimates (m²/h) and consumed sponge media (kg/m²); Verification of two of the three pillars of surface preparation (visible and invisible cleanliness and profiling-at this moment there was no measurement of invisible cleanliness) and issues relating to environment and sustainability.

The article presents a theoretical and conceptual review of the polyurethane sponge media containing micro encapsulated abrasive, reusable, dry and with low dust generation application from the standpoint of Clean Technologies and Safety, Health and Environment. It presents as an introduction the way the abrasive impacts the substrate and makes the capture of dust and airborne particles, the level of noise emitted by the required equipment as well as the containment structures for emission, necessary for the faithful execution of the work with respect to the surrounding area. Also discusses the relationship of the polyurethane sponge media containing micro encapsulated abrasive to the regulations (Standards for Safety and Health at Work of the Brazilian Ministry of Labour), Joint Ministerial Ordinance MMA/IBAMA No. 259 of 07 August 2009, the National Policy of Solid Waste, evidenced environmental aspects and impacts, among others relevant to the Brazilian environmental legislation and conclusions and recommendations that allow its use as effective as possible in the context of surface preparation.

A realização do referido estudo considerou como prioridade a elaboração de um texto básico como referencial teórico sobre os modelos lógicos existentes, sistematização e estruturação dos indicadores e a formulação dos indicadores para os temas recursos hídricos e ambiente urbano.

O livro contém 29 artigos agrupados nos temas: Fundamentos da Produção Limpa; Indicadores Ambientais para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável; Gestão Ambiental com Foco na Produção Limpa; Racionalização do Uso de Água e Energia na Indústria; Produção Limpa na Indústria e Ecologia Industrial; Práticas de Produção Limpa em Serviços Públicos; Racionalização e Reuso de Água Intradomiciliar; Produção Limpa na Construção e Estratégias de Desenvolvimento Sustentável com Envolvimento da Comunidade.

Japan, Europe, the USA, Korea, India and Brazil are among the most prominent countries in the field of patent publications for waste management for the production of biofertilizers. This assertion is ratified by a total of 1,952 patent publications (100%) associated with the classification of basic chemical products, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics and synthetic rubber in primary forms, followed by classifications associated with the manufacture of machines. It is worth noting that in addition to the strong presence of the fertilizer segment, there is a presence of classifications associated with the medical and dental, pharmaceutical, food, oil, transport, construction, cosmetics and beverages sectors. A more detailed analysis of the patents thus verified will make it possible to identify relevant technologies, incremental innovations, market niches for performance and technological maturity level, especially when compared to the number of articles published per country.

In the year 2018 the Petrochemical Complex of Camaçari completes 40 years of operation and stands out in Brazil and the world. This moment of celebration also generates, with it, a need for reflection, of how to remain competitive in the current scenario from the technological point of view. The objective of this study was to study the competitiveness profile of technological innovation of the companies in the Camaçari Petrochemical Complex, with emphasis on the patent filing and evaluation of the following companies: Acrinor Acrilonitrila do Nordeste SA, Bahiagás, BASF, Braskem, Cetrel, Cristal, Deten, Dow, Elekeiroz, EMCA, Monsanto, Oleoquímica, Oxiteno and Proquigel. The period of analysis contemplated is from 1976 to 2016, a range, therefore, of 40 years. For the purpose of this work the Questel Orbit platform was used, a search and analysis system of information contained in patents that allows users, companies and institutions to access patent document information in more than 90 countries. The work verified that the holders seek to claim patents primarily in their origin, which is reflected, in the case of the companies analyzed, in patents deposited in Brazil. This is the case of Bahiagás, Braskem, Cetrel, Deten, Elekeiroz and Oxiteno, which have deposited most of their patents in their country of origin. Regarding the number of patents deposited in the period 1976 to 2016, BASF, Dow and Monsanto stand out, surpassing 10,000 (ten thousand) patents deposited. However, it is important to emphasize that such results are not reflected in the reason of its Units located in the Petrochemical Complex of Camaçari, but rather of the global behavior of these Companies. The United States, Europe, China, Japan, Germany, India, Mexico and Brazil stand out as to the countries in which the Companies seek to give priority to the filing of their patent families, the plants of the companies are installed there. For the companies, there is a high concentration of patents deposited for the Technology Domains related to Chemistry. The following areas are highlighted: Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymers; Chemistry of Basic Materials; Fine Organic Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Food Chemistry; Other Special Machines; Textile Machinery and Paper Machinery; Surface Technology, Coating; Materials; Metallurgy; Pharmaceutical; Biotechnology. The following innovation actions were verified in the evaluated companies: investments in innovation and R & D; centralization of R & D; technological cooperation for R & D through open innovation; technological incorporation by absorption of companies; and the industrial secret as a competitive strategy.

In 2016, the Paris Agreement became effective at the 21st Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Approved by 195 countries, it encourages the formulation of adaptation strategies for climate change scenarios, seeking technologies to reduce GHG emissions and striving for sustainable development. The process of producing synthetic fertilizers consumes a large amount of energy and generates a considerable amount of GHG emissions that motivate global warming. The treatment of patent data, a tool of competitive intelligence, allows to guide the stakeholders regarding the overcoming of technological challenges and investments. The objective of this work is to list information on patents related to waste management to produce biofertilizers, based on historical data series. Questel Orbit and Patent Vantage Point are the selected tools for trend monitoring through review of patent publications to prospecting in several structured databases. The methodological and research approach is promoted through an exploratory and descriptive research: bibliographical and legislative survey; listing of Green Technologies based on the Inventory published by WIPO; access to the database of patent publications; and treatment and analysis of results. The totality of biofertilizer patent publications surveyed relates to the manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics and synthetic rubber in primary forms, followed by classifications associated with the manufacture of machines. The results are analyzed for: Japan, Europe, USA, Korea, India and Brazil. It explores aspects that may contribute to broadening the achievement of these results, the challenges to overcome and opportunities offered by biofertilizer technologies against changes in national and international scenarios.

The data resulting from monitoring allow to indicate which countries present best conditions for investment in the technological world scenario and, thus, subsidize actions aimed at the development of business. The objective of this work was to verify if the technological investment by patents of the petrochemical industry is linked to the competitiveness of a country. Questel Orbit was used to search and analyze data contained in patent publications. Different indicators were used to carry out the analysis: GDP PPC; number of patents with priority claims in a country; and the GCI. There was a strong link between the number of patent deposits with GDP PPC and the level of investment in R&D. However, although a country is highlighted in relation to the mentioned indicators, this correlation is not applicable to all countries. There is a strong presence of China, USA and Japan in the context of patent publication.

Biofertilizer is a fertilizer that has living microorganisms, among them bacteria and fungi, that contribute to soil fertility. The objective of this paper is to analyze historical patent data to determine the main world institutions that invest in research and technological development related to biofertilizers. The Methodology develops the treatment and analysis of the results of patents related to biofertilizers through Vantage Point, text mining software that uses a dictionary of related words to group authors, institutions and terms. Japan, Europe (EPO), the United States, Korea, India and Brazil are among the patent offices with prominence in the field of patent publications. Among the data collected, the following Japanese institutions stand out in the results: Hitachi Ltd; Sanyo Electric Co Ltd; Mitsubishi Electric Corp. Of the total number of patent holders, 95.53% account for Private Companies and 3.17% for Research Institutes.

A motivação para o enfoque do jateamento interno de tubos sob a perspectiva do respeito ao meio ambiente é proveniente do “Comissionamento com Sustentabilidade”, quando da análise voltada para a economia de água da Refinaria RNEST, localizada em Pernambuco, Brasil: mais de 600 milhões de litros de água apenas para os testes hidrostáticos e limpeza de linhas (tubulações). Diante disso, houve a necessidade de se estabelecer um método de minimização deste impacto ao meio ambiente para a quantidade a ser consumida, descartada e tratada. No que se refere à limpeza de tubulações, houve um aprimoramento do jateamento abrasivo seco para a superfície interior do tubo. Obteve-se um nível de preparação de superfície que exime o uso de qualquer tipo de produto químico nocivo, além de proporcionar uma grande economia de tempo, pois não é necessário que um determinado sistema fique pronto para fazer tal preparação. Quando fabricado, o spool já será jateado para se aplicar o anticorrosivo.

O projeto utiliza os indicadores de sustentabilidade ambiental aliado aos tradicionais indicadores sócio-econômicos. Permite, dessa forma, uma avaliação sistemática das decisões governamentais em relação à trajetória de sustentabilidade do Estado da Bahia e ao seu processo de desenvolvimento.