2020 11th International Conference on Network of the Future (NoF)
The Internet of Things (IoT) generates a massive amount of data. To relieve the pressure placed o... more The Internet of Things (IoT) generates a massive amount of data. To relieve the pressure placed on cloud and network services, sampling techniques have been applied to remove the redundant data. Thanks to the recently emerged Edge Computing (EC) paradigm, sampling on the edge rather than on the IoT end devices can be more intelligent. Most existing sampling algorithms, applicable to edge, do not consider the complex use cases such as predictive analytics. In this paper, we propose a real-time Adaptive Window Based Sampling (AWBS) algorithm to dynamically sample IoT time-series data on the edge. We have verified AWBS on an IoT machine health dataset from NASA using Local Outlier Factor, a well-known unsupervised abnormality detection method. The results were compared with two state-of-the-art sampling algorithms. The experimental results show that AWBS outperforms the other two algorithms by 1) effectively reducing the data to 6.91% and 2) accurately identifying the abnormal behaviour of the machine.
—In Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) nodes are equipped with limited battery power and... more —In Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) nodes are equipped with limited battery power and battery replacement is expensive due to underwater harsh environment. Therefore, we propose EBECRP an energy Efficient and Balanced Energy consumption Cluster based Routing Protocol for UWSNs. In depth base routing protocols nodes near the sink (low depth nodes) die in no time because of high load. We avoid depth base routing in our proposed scheme and use mobile sinks to balance load on all nodes. We also use the concept of clustering to reduce multi hoping which results in more energy consumption. The selected Cluster Heads (CHs) collect data from one hope neighbor nodes to reduce global communication into locally compressed communication. Simulation results show that EBECRP achieves maximum stability period and network life time.
In Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs),
reliability is an important factor which effects... more In Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs),
reliability is an important factor which effects the overall
performance of the network. As the underwater environment
is noisy and due to multipath fading and poor link quality, the
reliability of the network and data integrity is affected. With
cooperative routing, the reliability and the integrity of the data
is improved. In this paper two relay nodes and a master node
is selected for the transmission of data from source to the sink.
Master node is selected among the neighbouring nodes which
has low depth, high residual energy and must lie outside the
threshold defined. On the basis of depth threshold of source
node and the master node, two relay nodes are selected for the
retransmission mechanism. Simulation results show that IACR
achieves better results with respect to packet acceptance ratio,
throughput, network lifetime and packet drop as compared to
ACE.
Recently, Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
(UWSNs) gained much attention of researcher due to ... more Recently, Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) gained much attention of researcher due to its usefulness. Unlike terrestrial sensor networks, radio waves are not suitable for UWSNs due to harsh underwater environment. However, acoustic signals gained advantage over the radio waves for underwater communication. UWSNs have distinct characteristics i.e., high propagation delay, low frequency, high bit error rate and limited energy. Therefore, designing an efficient routing protocol for underwater sensor networks is quiet challenging. The major constraint of UWSNs is the limited battery of the sensor nodes. The replacement or recharging of batteries is a hectic job due to harsh underwater environment. Therefore we propose an energy efficient routing protocol, iIA-EEDBR, for UWSNs. iIA-EEDBR selects a forwarding node which has least depth, high residual energy and least number of neighbors. iIA-EEDBR improves the network lifetime by introducing sleep nodes in the UWSNs. When a node dies in the network, a sleep node takes over the performance of that particular dead node to avoid creation of routing holes. Due to the creation of the routing holes the network performances is affected and degraded. Therefore, iIA-EEDBR prevents the creation of routing holes.
Energy is a main issue in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs). The wireless sensor nodes ... more Energy is a main issue in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs). The wireless sensor nodes in underwater network have limited source of energy (batteries) and replacement of their batteries is very difficult and costly. Hence, energy efficiency has always remained as a major concern in UWSNs. Moreover the variation in energy consumption of nodes reduces the network lifetime and creates network holes. Combination of multi-hop transmission and direct communication were proposed before to balance the energy consumption between nodes. Direct transmission of data packets to sink depletes more energy of sensor node as compared to multi-hop transmission. When The nodes which reside at a greater distance from the sink opt for direct communication, their energy rapidly decreases. Thus resulting in shorter network lifetime. This paper presents Energy Efficient Hybrid Routing Protocol (EEHR). This protocol is a hybrid between multi-hop and direct transmission to the neighbors residing in the sub neighbor region. In this paper the direct transmission distance is decreased and it is refined to a sub neighbor region, which increases the network lifetime and reduces the energy consumption of the network. There are 4 regions of different radii from the sink created in our proposed protocol. The regions are in the form of semi circles beneath the sink node. Equal number of nodes are deployed randomly in each region. Neighboring lists are created by the nodes on the basis of their optimum distance to the sink. Simulation results show improvement in the network lifetime and energy consumption of the network.
Underwater environment has very unique characteristics.
Reliable and efficient communication bet... more Underwater environment has very unique characteristics.
Reliable and efficient communication between sensor nodes
is very challenging. Firstly, because radio waves can not work
well in such environment, so we use acoustic communication.
Secondly, acoustic communication is very slower than radio
communication. Moreover environment is very dynamic, which
changes topology of network. Due to these reasons data can not
reach to destination timely or reliably. This creates need of a
technique which can improve performance of network in terms
of reliability and throughput. Cooperation between nodes is one
of the major techniques which can greatly enhance reliability
of a network at cost of more energy consumption. In this
technique if data can not reach to destination in any condition
then it is retransmitted from another node called cooperative
node. This also improves throughput of network. In this paper
we propose region based cooperation between sensor nodes.
Simulation results show that technique better performs in terms
of network lifetime and efficient energy consumption.
2020 11th International Conference on Network of the Future (NoF)
The Internet of Things (IoT) generates a massive amount of data. To relieve the pressure placed o... more The Internet of Things (IoT) generates a massive amount of data. To relieve the pressure placed on cloud and network services, sampling techniques have been applied to remove the redundant data. Thanks to the recently emerged Edge Computing (EC) paradigm, sampling on the edge rather than on the IoT end devices can be more intelligent. Most existing sampling algorithms, applicable to edge, do not consider the complex use cases such as predictive analytics. In this paper, we propose a real-time Adaptive Window Based Sampling (AWBS) algorithm to dynamically sample IoT time-series data on the edge. We have verified AWBS on an IoT machine health dataset from NASA using Local Outlier Factor, a well-known unsupervised abnormality detection method. The results were compared with two state-of-the-art sampling algorithms. The experimental results show that AWBS outperforms the other two algorithms by 1) effectively reducing the data to 6.91% and 2) accurately identifying the abnormal behaviour of the machine.
—In Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) nodes are equipped with limited battery power and... more —In Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) nodes are equipped with limited battery power and battery replacement is expensive due to underwater harsh environment. Therefore, we propose EBECRP an energy Efficient and Balanced Energy consumption Cluster based Routing Protocol for UWSNs. In depth base routing protocols nodes near the sink (low depth nodes) die in no time because of high load. We avoid depth base routing in our proposed scheme and use mobile sinks to balance load on all nodes. We also use the concept of clustering to reduce multi hoping which results in more energy consumption. The selected Cluster Heads (CHs) collect data from one hope neighbor nodes to reduce global communication into locally compressed communication. Simulation results show that EBECRP achieves maximum stability period and network life time.
In Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs),
reliability is an important factor which effects... more In Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs),
reliability is an important factor which effects the overall
performance of the network. As the underwater environment
is noisy and due to multipath fading and poor link quality, the
reliability of the network and data integrity is affected. With
cooperative routing, the reliability and the integrity of the data
is improved. In this paper two relay nodes and a master node
is selected for the transmission of data from source to the sink.
Master node is selected among the neighbouring nodes which
has low depth, high residual energy and must lie outside the
threshold defined. On the basis of depth threshold of source
node and the master node, two relay nodes are selected for the
retransmission mechanism. Simulation results show that IACR
achieves better results with respect to packet acceptance ratio,
throughput, network lifetime and packet drop as compared to
ACE.
Recently, Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
(UWSNs) gained much attention of researcher due to ... more Recently, Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) gained much attention of researcher due to its usefulness. Unlike terrestrial sensor networks, radio waves are not suitable for UWSNs due to harsh underwater environment. However, acoustic signals gained advantage over the radio waves for underwater communication. UWSNs have distinct characteristics i.e., high propagation delay, low frequency, high bit error rate and limited energy. Therefore, designing an efficient routing protocol for underwater sensor networks is quiet challenging. The major constraint of UWSNs is the limited battery of the sensor nodes. The replacement or recharging of batteries is a hectic job due to harsh underwater environment. Therefore we propose an energy efficient routing protocol, iIA-EEDBR, for UWSNs. iIA-EEDBR selects a forwarding node which has least depth, high residual energy and least number of neighbors. iIA-EEDBR improves the network lifetime by introducing sleep nodes in the UWSNs. When a node dies in the network, a sleep node takes over the performance of that particular dead node to avoid creation of routing holes. Due to the creation of the routing holes the network performances is affected and degraded. Therefore, iIA-EEDBR prevents the creation of routing holes.
Energy is a main issue in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs). The wireless sensor nodes ... more Energy is a main issue in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs). The wireless sensor nodes in underwater network have limited source of energy (batteries) and replacement of their batteries is very difficult and costly. Hence, energy efficiency has always remained as a major concern in UWSNs. Moreover the variation in energy consumption of nodes reduces the network lifetime and creates network holes. Combination of multi-hop transmission and direct communication were proposed before to balance the energy consumption between nodes. Direct transmission of data packets to sink depletes more energy of sensor node as compared to multi-hop transmission. When The nodes which reside at a greater distance from the sink opt for direct communication, their energy rapidly decreases. Thus resulting in shorter network lifetime. This paper presents Energy Efficient Hybrid Routing Protocol (EEHR). This protocol is a hybrid between multi-hop and direct transmission to the neighbors residing in the sub neighbor region. In this paper the direct transmission distance is decreased and it is refined to a sub neighbor region, which increases the network lifetime and reduces the energy consumption of the network. There are 4 regions of different radii from the sink created in our proposed protocol. The regions are in the form of semi circles beneath the sink node. Equal number of nodes are deployed randomly in each region. Neighboring lists are created by the nodes on the basis of their optimum distance to the sink. Simulation results show improvement in the network lifetime and energy consumption of the network.
Underwater environment has very unique characteristics.
Reliable and efficient communication bet... more Underwater environment has very unique characteristics.
Reliable and efficient communication between sensor nodes
is very challenging. Firstly, because radio waves can not work
well in such environment, so we use acoustic communication.
Secondly, acoustic communication is very slower than radio
communication. Moreover environment is very dynamic, which
changes topology of network. Due to these reasons data can not
reach to destination timely or reliably. This creates need of a
technique which can improve performance of network in terms
of reliability and throughput. Cooperation between nodes is one
of the major techniques which can greatly enhance reliability
of a network at cost of more energy consumption. In this
technique if data can not reach to destination in any condition
then it is retransmitted from another node called cooperative
node. This also improves throughput of network. In this paper
we propose region based cooperation between sensor nodes.
Simulation results show that technique better performs in terms
of network lifetime and efficient energy consumption.
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Papers by Taimur Hafeez
reliability is an important factor which effects the overall
performance of the network. As the underwater environment
is noisy and due to multipath fading and poor link quality, the
reliability of the network and data integrity is affected. With
cooperative routing, the reliability and the integrity of the data
is improved. In this paper two relay nodes and a master node
is selected for the transmission of data from source to the sink.
Master node is selected among the neighbouring nodes which
has low depth, high residual energy and must lie outside the
threshold defined. On the basis of depth threshold of source
node and the master node, two relay nodes are selected for the
retransmission mechanism. Simulation results show that IACR
achieves better results with respect to packet acceptance ratio,
throughput, network lifetime and packet drop as compared to
ACE.
(UWSNs) gained much attention of researcher due to its usefulness.
Unlike terrestrial sensor networks, radio waves are not
suitable for UWSNs due to harsh underwater environment. However,
acoustic signals gained advantage over the radio waves for
underwater communication. UWSNs have distinct characteristics
i.e., high propagation delay, low frequency, high bit error rate and
limited energy. Therefore, designing an efficient routing protocol
for underwater sensor networks is quiet challenging. The major
constraint of UWSNs is the limited battery of the sensor nodes.
The replacement or recharging of batteries is a hectic job due to
harsh underwater environment. Therefore we propose an energy
efficient routing protocol, iIA-EEDBR, for UWSNs. iIA-EEDBR
selects a forwarding node which has least depth, high residual
energy and least number of neighbors. iIA-EEDBR improves
the network lifetime by introducing sleep nodes in the UWSNs.
When a node dies in the network, a sleep node takes over the
performance of that particular dead node to avoid creation of
routing holes. Due to the creation of the routing holes the network
performances is affected and degraded. Therefore, iIA-EEDBR
prevents the creation of routing holes.
Reliable and efficient communication between sensor nodes
is very challenging. Firstly, because radio waves can not work
well in such environment, so we use acoustic communication.
Secondly, acoustic communication is very slower than radio
communication. Moreover environment is very dynamic, which
changes topology of network. Due to these reasons data can not
reach to destination timely or reliably. This creates need of a
technique which can improve performance of network in terms
of reliability and throughput. Cooperation between nodes is one
of the major techniques which can greatly enhance reliability
of a network at cost of more energy consumption. In this
technique if data can not reach to destination in any condition
then it is retransmitted from another node called cooperative
node. This also improves throughput of network. In this paper
we propose region based cooperation between sensor nodes.
Simulation results show that technique better performs in terms
of network lifetime and efficient energy consumption.
reliability is an important factor which effects the overall
performance of the network. As the underwater environment
is noisy and due to multipath fading and poor link quality, the
reliability of the network and data integrity is affected. With
cooperative routing, the reliability and the integrity of the data
is improved. In this paper two relay nodes and a master node
is selected for the transmission of data from source to the sink.
Master node is selected among the neighbouring nodes which
has low depth, high residual energy and must lie outside the
threshold defined. On the basis of depth threshold of source
node and the master node, two relay nodes are selected for the
retransmission mechanism. Simulation results show that IACR
achieves better results with respect to packet acceptance ratio,
throughput, network lifetime and packet drop as compared to
ACE.
(UWSNs) gained much attention of researcher due to its usefulness.
Unlike terrestrial sensor networks, radio waves are not
suitable for UWSNs due to harsh underwater environment. However,
acoustic signals gained advantage over the radio waves for
underwater communication. UWSNs have distinct characteristics
i.e., high propagation delay, low frequency, high bit error rate and
limited energy. Therefore, designing an efficient routing protocol
for underwater sensor networks is quiet challenging. The major
constraint of UWSNs is the limited battery of the sensor nodes.
The replacement or recharging of batteries is a hectic job due to
harsh underwater environment. Therefore we propose an energy
efficient routing protocol, iIA-EEDBR, for UWSNs. iIA-EEDBR
selects a forwarding node which has least depth, high residual
energy and least number of neighbors. iIA-EEDBR improves
the network lifetime by introducing sleep nodes in the UWSNs.
When a node dies in the network, a sleep node takes over the
performance of that particular dead node to avoid creation of
routing holes. Due to the creation of the routing holes the network
performances is affected and degraded. Therefore, iIA-EEDBR
prevents the creation of routing holes.
Reliable and efficient communication between sensor nodes
is very challenging. Firstly, because radio waves can not work
well in such environment, so we use acoustic communication.
Secondly, acoustic communication is very slower than radio
communication. Moreover environment is very dynamic, which
changes topology of network. Due to these reasons data can not
reach to destination timely or reliably. This creates need of a
technique which can improve performance of network in terms
of reliability and throughput. Cooperation between nodes is one
of the major techniques which can greatly enhance reliability
of a network at cost of more energy consumption. In this
technique if data can not reach to destination in any condition
then it is retransmitted from another node called cooperative
node. This also improves throughput of network. In this paper
we propose region based cooperation between sensor nodes.
Simulation results show that technique better performs in terms
of network lifetime and efficient energy consumption.