Papers by Yeva Harutyunyan
History and Culture. Journal of Armenian Studies, 2023
The region of South Caucasus due to its geographical position and energy carriers possession ha... more The region of South Caucasus due to its geographical position and energy carriers possession has a
strategic importance, being situated in the center of Eurasia continent and being the most important pivot
connecting Asia with Europe. Japan considers the South Caucasus as a part of Central Eurasia and it is
greatly interested in establishing peace and stability in the region. Japan’s position towards the conflicts of
the South Caucasus is in line with the Western states, in particular, in the issue of the resolution of
Nagorno Karabakh conflict, it gives priority to the OSCE Minsk Group’s activities and supports the early
peaceful settlement of the conflict, while in the issues of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, Japan supports the
preservation of the territorial integrity of Georgia.
In the article the development trends of Japan's foreign policy in the South Caucasus as a part of
Central Eurasia continent were presented in four stages of development:
1. The phase of familiarization and establishment of diplomatic relations (1991-1996),
2. "Eurasian" or "Japanese Silk Road" conceptual policy (1997-2003),
3. Conceptual policy of "Central Asia plus Japan" dialogue (2004-2018),
4. "Japan's Caucasus Initiative" policy (from 2018 till now).
Japan implements its economic policy towards the South Caucasus states through the ODA
program, providing bilateral and multilateral aid for developing the target sectors in three republics of the
region.
History and culture, 2022
The information about the beginning of Armenian-Japanese cooperation goes back to the 19th centur... more The information about the beginning of Armenian-Japanese cooperation goes back to the 19th century, which mostly referred to the commercial sphere. Japan has always been interested in the fate of Armenians. Since 1894, the Japanese press has regularly covered the mass killings of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, as well as the Armenian Genocide in 1915.In 1922 the first international humanitarian aid fund, headed by Eiichi Shibusawa, was opened in Japan to support Armenian Genocide survivors. Japan also showed a great support to Armenians during 1988’s earthquake in Spitak city.After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the restoration of independence of the Republic of Armenia, Armenian-Japanese relations were limited only to economic assistance provided by Japan in an attempt to rehabilitate the dilapidated economic and social structures of Armenia. Since 1992, the economic policy of Japan in Armenia has been observed in three stages according to the type of assistance provided by Japan to Armenia such as grants, loans and technical equipment.Since 2018, there has been noticed a tendency towards equal partnership in the field of economy and in the development of mutually beneficial economic relations between Armenia and Japan.
Eastern Asian Studies, 2022
Official development assistance (ODA) is aid provided by
developed countries to developing state... more Official development assistance (ODA) is aid provided by
developed countries to developing states aiming to support economic
and social developments. Japan's ODA started in 1954 after joining the
Colombo Plan which was established in 1950 by the British
Commonwealth to provide technical assistance to the countries of
South Asia. Japan has started to provide post war reparations to Asian
states such as Burma, the Philippines, Indonesia and Vietnam since
1955.1 Thus, Japan's assistance to developing countries launched from
the formation of its reparation policy towards Asian states.
20 developed states established the Organization for Economic
Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1960 for providing ODA.
This paper aims to reveal JICA's activities in Armenia and
Azerbaijan within the last 30 years. The author uses comparative
analysis research methods to find out what projects JICA has been
implementing in Azerbaijan and Armenia, what is the main focus of
Japan, which areas are prior for JICA to develop in Armenia and
Azerbaijan.
IEEE PSPB Operations Manual & 8.2.2.A). Each published article was reviewed by a minimum of two i... more IEEE PSPB Operations Manual & 8.2.2.A). Each published article was reviewed by a minimum of two independent reviewers using a single-blind peer review process, where the identities of the reviewers are not known to the authors, but the reviewers know the identities of the authors. Articles will be screened for plagiarism before acceptance.
Մերձավոր Արևելք(IX-X): Պատմություն, քաղաքականություն, մշակույթ : Հոդվածների ժողովածու, 2014
Iran-Iraq war began on September 22 in 1980. The causes of the war between Iraq and Iran are hist... more Iran-Iraq war began on September 22 in 1980. The causes of the war between Iraq and Iran are historic and deeply rooted in concern over internal security, territorial boundaries, ethno-national and religious issues. Iran-Iraq war was initiated by the Superpowers aiming not only weaken the role of Iran and Iraq in the region, but also undermining OPEC's role in the oil market which became the reason of the third oil crisis having negative influence on the economy of oil-producing countries.
OPEC tried to overcome the crisis by determining quotas for all its member states. Though undertaking of OPEC was not successful as non-OPEC oil producing countries used the droop of the role of OPEC for increasing their oil production. The other reason of failing the initiative of OPEC was the policy of the industrialized countries to keep oil reserves and to use renewable energy in their industries. The result of such policy became leftover oil in the market – about 10 million barrels oil per day (oil/day). Noteworthy to mention, that a great achievement in renewable energy belongs to Japan. The Country of Rising Sun managed to change work of some its industries on coal. Besides it, a great amount of oil reserves let industrialized countries be independent from the policy of the oil-producing countries.
However, the further continuation of Iran-Iraq war threatened the Strait of Hormuz through which was delivered oil of the Persian Gulf. The Japanese government was interested in safely navigation through the Strait as it was the only way for Japan to import oil. Japan started to mediate using for its mission the stages of the United Nation and trying to be involved in the Middle Eastern political processes.
The situation in the region was compounded after the announcement of the USA to deploy its naval forces in the Persian Gulf. Moreover, Washington asked its allies to join in its military undertaking. In respond to this suggestion, Japan preferred not to take part in military action giving preference to help Iran and Iraq by diplomatic methods.
Thus, in 1987 becoming the non-permanent member of the UN Security Council, Japan imitated the foundation of Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group (UNIIMOG). This Group should support the conflicting countries to sign ceasefire. On July 20 in 1987 the UN Security Council adopted resolution N 598 about the ceasefire and on August 20, 1988 Iran and Iraq signed an agreement about the ending of eight year war.
Eventually, the continuation of Iran – Iraq war would become the reason of the crisis in the Persian Gulf which should damage not only the economy of oil-producing countries in the region but also the economy of industrialized countries. Mostly, due to the diplomatic efforts of Japan the war was over.
Մերձավոր և Միջին Արևելքի երկրներ և ժողովուրդներ, 2014
Трагические страницы европейской истории: Движение Сопротивления и проблема коллаборационизма с нацистской Германией в годы Второй мировой войны, Доклады Международной научно-практической конференции, 2021
В статье рассмотрены несколько спорные исторические и политические вопросы, касательно истории во... more В статье рассмотрены несколько спорные исторические и политические вопросы, касательно истории войны, виновности той или иной страны в различных политических инцидентах, а также проблемы, связанные с их освещением со стороны стран-участниц войны. Главным образом были представлены исторические факты и инциденты, в причастности которых обвиняется Япония, и была исследована степень освещенности этих проблем в японских учебниках по истории. В статье подробно описывается международно-политическая ситуация, сложившаяся во время Второй мировой войны, а также причины милитаризации и национализации Японии, с целью противостояния империалистической экспансии не только внутри страны, но и в азиатском регионе в целом.
CONTEMPORARY EURASIA IX (1) , 2020
This paper examines political and economic strategy of Japan in Central Asia and tries to revea... more This paper examines political and economic strategy of Japan in Central Asia and tries to reveal Japan's main interests in the region. Strategic geography and rich natural resources of Central Asian states are attracting Great Powers and neighboring regional states to increase their influence in this region. Though Japan is not engaged in "new great game" politics, it has its political and economic strategy towards the region. For realizing it, Japan is conducting bilateral and multilateral relationships with the states of the region by using Official Development Assistance (ODA) program as a tool. Being interested in political stability and security of this region, Japan in its political and economic activities assists the states of Central Asia to overcome economic difficulties and isolation as well as promotes the formation of political union for further integration of Central Asian region.
Bulletin of the Institute of Oriental Studies (2021, № I-2) Download, 2021
The purpose of this article is to show the economic policy of Japan towards Armenia
after the est... more The purpose of this article is to show the economic policy of Japan towards Armenia
after the establishment of Armenian-Japanese diplomatic relations. The article presents
three phases of Japan's economic policy, taking into account the type of assistance provided
by Japan to Armenia, which is correlated with Armenia's economic and GDP’s growth.
The first phase covers 1992-99, during which bilateral economic relations were
limited to grant assistance provided by Japan to Armenia, with the aim of supporting the
economic recovery of the newly independent state and ensuring sustainable economic
growth.
The second phase (2000-04) marked the beginning of economic cooperation between
the two countries. Due to its stable economic growth, Armenia received loans from Japan
for developing economic infrastructures.
During the third phase (2005- up to date) Japan has expanded its cooperation with the
Republic of Armenia and begun to provide technical equipment for the development of
targeted sectors. At this stage, Japan clearly defined the direction of its assistance and the
sectors necessary for the stimulation of the Armenian economy, in particular, the energy
sector, small and medium-sized businesses, as well as the development of villages. Japan
also greatly supports Armenia by providing Japanese technologies for risk prevention in
natural disaster zones and organizing training courses and discussion- meetings for Armenian specialists aimed to promote capacity building on the implementation of disaster
risk reduction and emergency situations.
Since 2018, Japan has begun to consider Armenia as a full-fledged economic entity,
and review the possibility to build mutually beneficial economic relations. The main
witnesses are the signed agreement on investment liberalization in 2018, the visit of
Japanese Foreign Minister Taro Kono to Armenia for developing bilateral relations in the
fields of banking, innovation, food security, information technology, artificial intelligence,
cultural exchange, scientific and educational projects, as well as active contacts of
Armenian President with Japanese organizations.
В статье рассматривается политика Японии в Персидском заливе период ирано-иракской войны и ирако-... more В статье рассматривается политика Японии в Персидском заливе период ирано-иракской войны и ирако-кувейтского конфликта. Япония, исходя из принципов мирной конституции, не принимала участие в военных операциях в регионе, а была сторонница мирного разрешения конфликта. Благодаря усилиям Японии был заключен мирный договор между Ираном и Ираком, а в ирако-кувейтском конфликте предоставляла финансовую помощь Кувейту. Однако политика невмешательства Японии в военные действия была осуждена, что стало одной из причин пересмотра Японией своей ближневосточной политики и для резкой перемены своих подходов к региональным проблемам.
Thesis Chapters by Yeva Harutyunyan
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Papers by Yeva Harutyunyan
strategic importance, being situated in the center of Eurasia continent and being the most important pivot
connecting Asia with Europe. Japan considers the South Caucasus as a part of Central Eurasia and it is
greatly interested in establishing peace and stability in the region. Japan’s position towards the conflicts of
the South Caucasus is in line with the Western states, in particular, in the issue of the resolution of
Nagorno Karabakh conflict, it gives priority to the OSCE Minsk Group’s activities and supports the early
peaceful settlement of the conflict, while in the issues of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, Japan supports the
preservation of the territorial integrity of Georgia.
In the article the development trends of Japan's foreign policy in the South Caucasus as a part of
Central Eurasia continent were presented in four stages of development:
1. The phase of familiarization and establishment of diplomatic relations (1991-1996),
2. "Eurasian" or "Japanese Silk Road" conceptual policy (1997-2003),
3. Conceptual policy of "Central Asia plus Japan" dialogue (2004-2018),
4. "Japan's Caucasus Initiative" policy (from 2018 till now).
Japan implements its economic policy towards the South Caucasus states through the ODA
program, providing bilateral and multilateral aid for developing the target sectors in three republics of the
region.
developed countries to developing states aiming to support economic
and social developments. Japan's ODA started in 1954 after joining the
Colombo Plan which was established in 1950 by the British
Commonwealth to provide technical assistance to the countries of
South Asia. Japan has started to provide post war reparations to Asian
states such as Burma, the Philippines, Indonesia and Vietnam since
1955.1 Thus, Japan's assistance to developing countries launched from
the formation of its reparation policy towards Asian states.
20 developed states established the Organization for Economic
Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1960 for providing ODA.
This paper aims to reveal JICA's activities in Armenia and
Azerbaijan within the last 30 years. The author uses comparative
analysis research methods to find out what projects JICA has been
implementing in Azerbaijan and Armenia, what is the main focus of
Japan, which areas are prior for JICA to develop in Armenia and
Azerbaijan.
OPEC tried to overcome the crisis by determining quotas for all its member states. Though undertaking of OPEC was not successful as non-OPEC oil producing countries used the droop of the role of OPEC for increasing their oil production. The other reason of failing the initiative of OPEC was the policy of the industrialized countries to keep oil reserves and to use renewable energy in their industries. The result of such policy became leftover oil in the market – about 10 million barrels oil per day (oil/day). Noteworthy to mention, that a great achievement in renewable energy belongs to Japan. The Country of Rising Sun managed to change work of some its industries on coal. Besides it, a great amount of oil reserves let industrialized countries be independent from the policy of the oil-producing countries.
However, the further continuation of Iran-Iraq war threatened the Strait of Hormuz through which was delivered oil of the Persian Gulf. The Japanese government was interested in safely navigation through the Strait as it was the only way for Japan to import oil. Japan started to mediate using for its mission the stages of the United Nation and trying to be involved in the Middle Eastern political processes.
The situation in the region was compounded after the announcement of the USA to deploy its naval forces in the Persian Gulf. Moreover, Washington asked its allies to join in its military undertaking. In respond to this suggestion, Japan preferred not to take part in military action giving preference to help Iran and Iraq by diplomatic methods.
Thus, in 1987 becoming the non-permanent member of the UN Security Council, Japan imitated the foundation of Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group (UNIIMOG). This Group should support the conflicting countries to sign ceasefire. On July 20 in 1987 the UN Security Council adopted resolution N 598 about the ceasefire and on August 20, 1988 Iran and Iraq signed an agreement about the ending of eight year war.
Eventually, the continuation of Iran – Iraq war would become the reason of the crisis in the Persian Gulf which should damage not only the economy of oil-producing countries in the region but also the economy of industrialized countries. Mostly, due to the diplomatic efforts of Japan the war was over.
after the establishment of Armenian-Japanese diplomatic relations. The article presents
three phases of Japan's economic policy, taking into account the type of assistance provided
by Japan to Armenia, which is correlated with Armenia's economic and GDP’s growth.
The first phase covers 1992-99, during which bilateral economic relations were
limited to grant assistance provided by Japan to Armenia, with the aim of supporting the
economic recovery of the newly independent state and ensuring sustainable economic
growth.
The second phase (2000-04) marked the beginning of economic cooperation between
the two countries. Due to its stable economic growth, Armenia received loans from Japan
for developing economic infrastructures.
During the third phase (2005- up to date) Japan has expanded its cooperation with the
Republic of Armenia and begun to provide technical equipment for the development of
targeted sectors. At this stage, Japan clearly defined the direction of its assistance and the
sectors necessary for the stimulation of the Armenian economy, in particular, the energy
sector, small and medium-sized businesses, as well as the development of villages. Japan
also greatly supports Armenia by providing Japanese technologies for risk prevention in
natural disaster zones and organizing training courses and discussion- meetings for Armenian specialists aimed to promote capacity building on the implementation of disaster
risk reduction and emergency situations.
Since 2018, Japan has begun to consider Armenia as a full-fledged economic entity,
and review the possibility to build mutually beneficial economic relations. The main
witnesses are the signed agreement on investment liberalization in 2018, the visit of
Japanese Foreign Minister Taro Kono to Armenia for developing bilateral relations in the
fields of banking, innovation, food security, information technology, artificial intelligence,
cultural exchange, scientific and educational projects, as well as active contacts of
Armenian President with Japanese organizations.
Thesis Chapters by Yeva Harutyunyan
strategic importance, being situated in the center of Eurasia continent and being the most important pivot
connecting Asia with Europe. Japan considers the South Caucasus as a part of Central Eurasia and it is
greatly interested in establishing peace and stability in the region. Japan’s position towards the conflicts of
the South Caucasus is in line with the Western states, in particular, in the issue of the resolution of
Nagorno Karabakh conflict, it gives priority to the OSCE Minsk Group’s activities and supports the early
peaceful settlement of the conflict, while in the issues of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, Japan supports the
preservation of the territorial integrity of Georgia.
In the article the development trends of Japan's foreign policy in the South Caucasus as a part of
Central Eurasia continent were presented in four stages of development:
1. The phase of familiarization and establishment of diplomatic relations (1991-1996),
2. "Eurasian" or "Japanese Silk Road" conceptual policy (1997-2003),
3. Conceptual policy of "Central Asia plus Japan" dialogue (2004-2018),
4. "Japan's Caucasus Initiative" policy (from 2018 till now).
Japan implements its economic policy towards the South Caucasus states through the ODA
program, providing bilateral and multilateral aid for developing the target sectors in three republics of the
region.
developed countries to developing states aiming to support economic
and social developments. Japan's ODA started in 1954 after joining the
Colombo Plan which was established in 1950 by the British
Commonwealth to provide technical assistance to the countries of
South Asia. Japan has started to provide post war reparations to Asian
states such as Burma, the Philippines, Indonesia and Vietnam since
1955.1 Thus, Japan's assistance to developing countries launched from
the formation of its reparation policy towards Asian states.
20 developed states established the Organization for Economic
Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1960 for providing ODA.
This paper aims to reveal JICA's activities in Armenia and
Azerbaijan within the last 30 years. The author uses comparative
analysis research methods to find out what projects JICA has been
implementing in Azerbaijan and Armenia, what is the main focus of
Japan, which areas are prior for JICA to develop in Armenia and
Azerbaijan.
OPEC tried to overcome the crisis by determining quotas for all its member states. Though undertaking of OPEC was not successful as non-OPEC oil producing countries used the droop of the role of OPEC for increasing their oil production. The other reason of failing the initiative of OPEC was the policy of the industrialized countries to keep oil reserves and to use renewable energy in their industries. The result of such policy became leftover oil in the market – about 10 million barrels oil per day (oil/day). Noteworthy to mention, that a great achievement in renewable energy belongs to Japan. The Country of Rising Sun managed to change work of some its industries on coal. Besides it, a great amount of oil reserves let industrialized countries be independent from the policy of the oil-producing countries.
However, the further continuation of Iran-Iraq war threatened the Strait of Hormuz through which was delivered oil of the Persian Gulf. The Japanese government was interested in safely navigation through the Strait as it was the only way for Japan to import oil. Japan started to mediate using for its mission the stages of the United Nation and trying to be involved in the Middle Eastern political processes.
The situation in the region was compounded after the announcement of the USA to deploy its naval forces in the Persian Gulf. Moreover, Washington asked its allies to join in its military undertaking. In respond to this suggestion, Japan preferred not to take part in military action giving preference to help Iran and Iraq by diplomatic methods.
Thus, in 1987 becoming the non-permanent member of the UN Security Council, Japan imitated the foundation of Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group (UNIIMOG). This Group should support the conflicting countries to sign ceasefire. On July 20 in 1987 the UN Security Council adopted resolution N 598 about the ceasefire and on August 20, 1988 Iran and Iraq signed an agreement about the ending of eight year war.
Eventually, the continuation of Iran – Iraq war would become the reason of the crisis in the Persian Gulf which should damage not only the economy of oil-producing countries in the region but also the economy of industrialized countries. Mostly, due to the diplomatic efforts of Japan the war was over.
after the establishment of Armenian-Japanese diplomatic relations. The article presents
three phases of Japan's economic policy, taking into account the type of assistance provided
by Japan to Armenia, which is correlated with Armenia's economic and GDP’s growth.
The first phase covers 1992-99, during which bilateral economic relations were
limited to grant assistance provided by Japan to Armenia, with the aim of supporting the
economic recovery of the newly independent state and ensuring sustainable economic
growth.
The second phase (2000-04) marked the beginning of economic cooperation between
the two countries. Due to its stable economic growth, Armenia received loans from Japan
for developing economic infrastructures.
During the third phase (2005- up to date) Japan has expanded its cooperation with the
Republic of Armenia and begun to provide technical equipment for the development of
targeted sectors. At this stage, Japan clearly defined the direction of its assistance and the
sectors necessary for the stimulation of the Armenian economy, in particular, the energy
sector, small and medium-sized businesses, as well as the development of villages. Japan
also greatly supports Armenia by providing Japanese technologies for risk prevention in
natural disaster zones and organizing training courses and discussion- meetings for Armenian specialists aimed to promote capacity building on the implementation of disaster
risk reduction and emergency situations.
Since 2018, Japan has begun to consider Armenia as a full-fledged economic entity,
and review the possibility to build mutually beneficial economic relations. The main
witnesses are the signed agreement on investment liberalization in 2018, the visit of
Japanese Foreign Minister Taro Kono to Armenia for developing bilateral relations in the
fields of banking, innovation, food security, information technology, artificial intelligence,
cultural exchange, scientific and educational projects, as well as active contacts of
Armenian President with Japanese organizations.