Papers by Seyed Hossein Hashemi
Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 2012
The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of several different cyclic anaero... more The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of several different cyclic anaerobic/aerobic (An/A) conditions in sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system for treating of simulated dye (reactive blue19) wastewater. To achieve this goal, five identical SBR (SBR 1 to SBR 5) were used. The SBR1 was fully aerobic whole reaction time whereas the reaction time was divided into 1, 2, 3 and 4 An/A cycles in SBR2, SBR3, SBR4 and SBR5, respectively. Initial COD and dye concentrations were selected to be 1500 and 100 mg/L for all reactors. During the last 15 days of operation, the dye removal efficiency approximately reached stable level of 50, 64.5, 74.8, 77 and 70.2 % in SBR1, SBR2, SBR3, SBR4 and SBR5, respectively. According to the obtained results, the COD removal efficiencies were in the range of 94-96 percent in all SBRs and no significant influence on COD removal was observed with altering operation conditions in SBRs. Average effluent TSS of reactors decreased by increasing number of An/A cycles. Average effluent turbidity of reactors increased with altering operation type from fully aerobic in SBR1 to An/A in SBR2-SBR5 as well. On the other hand, average MLSS in all reactors were in the range of 2760-2990 mg/L and did not experience significant change during the operation time.
The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sludge retention time on performance ... more The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sludge retention time on performance of aerobic synthetic Batch Reactor for treating a high load milk synthetic wastewater. For this purpose, four lab-scale sequencing batch reactors were operated under aerobic conditions with the same conditions at different sludge retention times (SRTs), feeding by high load milk synthetic wastewater. Operating volume, influent flow rate and influent organic loading rate for all reactors were adjusted to 5.5 L, 3.5 L/d and 1400 gCOD/m 3 d, respectively. The average effluent COD for reactor 1 to 4 with SRT of 5, 10, 15 and 20 d were 108, 97, 91 and 84 mg/L, respectively. COD removal was 94.99, 95.43, 95.86 and 96.16 percent respectively and slightly changed with SRT. However, the overall trend of COD removal vs. SRT showed an increasing rate with the correlation factor (R 2) of 0.99. Reactor 2 with SRT of 10 d(SVI) had the maximum effluent TSS ave (34mg/L) and turbidity ave (5.89 mg/L) and the minimum sludge volume index (41mL/g). All reactors had SVI ave of lower than 75 mL/g and effluent turbidity ave less than 6 NTU which was lower than Iranian national discharge standards (<50 NTU). SRT had directly influenced the biomass concentration, as the MLSS ave of reactor 1 to 4 were found to be 1824, 2694, 3210 and 3864 mg/L respectively. Best performance (minimum effluent COD, TSS and turbidity) was occurred in reactor 4 with SRT of 20 d.
Leachate of urban solid waste landfills is one of the most important of environmental concerns. T... more Leachate of urban solid waste landfills is one of the most important of environmental concerns. Today, electrocoagulation is considered as a method for leachate treatment. In this process coagulants are produced during metallic electrode dissolution. In this article, treatability of old leachate of Kahrizak landfill of Tehran by electro-coagulation method was studied. The study was done in laboratory scale by using steel electrodes grades ST-12, ST-37, and CK-45 and measuring COD, SS and ORP parameters. COD removal was obtained 42.66, 34.37 and 35.2 percent for ST-12, ST-37 and CK-45 electrodes while the operation time and current were 100 min and 7.2 A for initial COD concentration of 160,000 mg/l. COD removal increased 6.78, 4.38 and 12.12 percent when the operation time increased to 140 min, respectively. As well, COD removal was increased 38.98, 22.64 and 25.38 percent and SS removal was enhanced 16.4, 19.79 and 18.71 percent for ST-12, ST-37 and CK-45 electrodes, while the current density increased from 33.33 to 66.166 A/m2. The results also showed ST-12 electrode had the best efficiency for leachate treatment with COD and SS removal of 64.67% and 98.79% respectively while the current density was 66.166 A/m2 equals charge's loading of 46.155 F/m3.
Chemosphere
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Lake and Reservoir Management
Abstract Bayat J, Hashemi SH, Nikzad MF, Talakesh SMR. 2021. Necessity of water treatment to meet... more Abstract Bayat J, Hashemi SH, Nikzad MF, Talakesh SMR. 2021. Necessity of water treatment to meet lake water quality goals in Chitgar Lake. Lake Reserv Manage. 37:160–169. Managing urban lake water quality to prevent algae blooms is important for tourism at Chitgar Lake, which is a shallow artificial lake created for recreation in northwest Tehran City, Iran. Its water quality is influenced by the Kan River as its water source, as well as by peripheral activities and bird excrement. This study investigates the effectiveness of different water quality management practices including restricted water intake rules and water treatment from April 2013 to April 2020 to improve the water quality of the lake in order to limit algae blooms. The nonparametric Mann–Kendall method and the Sen function were applied to decipher trends and assess impacts of the practices. Despite intake water control, the trend analysis showed that chlorophyll-a and total phosphorus had increased after the opening of the lake in 2013. However, this incremental trend was greatly reduced after commissioning a treatment plant for improving water quality. The treatment system improves the quality of diverted Kan River water during winter lake refill and is used to treat lake water during the rest of the year. The specific characteristics of the lake and the Kan River prevent achievement of target water quality without water treatment.
This paper is the first to report on the role of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Sari, as ... more This paper is the first to report on the role of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Sari, as a source of microplastics (MPs) in the Caspian Sea. Composite 270-liter/24-hour samples were taken the treated effluent of the WWTP in winter and spring, two seasons with different levels of human activity. The effluent contained 380±52.5 and 423±44.9 MPs/m3 in winter and spring, respectively, with the total numbers of MPs/m3 not differing between the two seasons. The dominant type of MPs in the effluent was microfibers with 237±68.7 and 328±33.4 per m3 in winter and spring, respectively. In both seasons, fiber sizes of
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of special importance because of their toxicity, stab... more Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of special importance because of their toxicity, stability, lipophilicity, bioaccumulation, carcinogenesis and mutagenic impacts on living organisms and human. Urban runoff contains significant amounts of PAH compounds, which result in transfer them to receiving environments and have significant environmental and health risks. Because of the hydrophobicity characteristic, transport of these compounds in aquatic environment, mainly coupled to suspended particles and sediments. Hence, evaluation of sediments is considered as one of the environments that affect the fate and transport of these compounds. Present study was performed to evaluating the concentrations and sources of PAH compounds in sediments of Tehran urban runoff network. The sediment samples were taken from the three main sub catchments of Tehran city in April 2017 and the concentration of 16 priority PAH compounds and organic carbon was measured and finally their probable emis...
Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, 2010
The main objective of this study was to evaluate Reactive Blue 19 dye removal efficiency in aerob... more The main objective of this study was to evaluate Reactive Blue 19 dye removal efficiency in aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process by adding polyaluminum chloride (PACl). PACl was added to the reactors in concentrations of 0, 1, 5, 15 and 30 mg-Al/L (SBR 1 to SBR 5 ) after filling periods. Initial dye concentrations were selected to be 40 mg/L for all reactors. The averages of dye removal efficiencies were more than 57% in all reactors. The maximum and minimum dye removal efficiencies were 71.7% ± 13.6 and 57.7% ± 34.3 in SBR 3 and SBR 4 , respectively. According to the obtained results, PACl had not any significant effects on the COD removal efficiency. The MLSS and MLVSS concentration of SBRs had an increasing rate during whole operation time and reached from 2500 mg/L (1 st day) to 4900 mg/L (39 th day). The maximum increasing rate was 50% in SBR 5 .
Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering
Urban runoff is known as an important contributor to diffuse a wide range of pollutants to receiv... more Urban runoff is known as an important contributor to diffuse a wide range of pollutants to receiving environments. Hydrocarbons are common contaminants in runoff mainly transported coupled to suspended particles and sediments. The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution and sources of Aliphatics in the sediments of Tehran’s runoff drainage network. Thirty surface sediment samples were collected along with three main sub-catchments of Tehran during April 2017. The concentrations of n-Alkanes (nC-11-nC-35) and isoprenoids were determined by GC-MS, and their possible emission sources were evaluated using the biomarkers and the diagnostic ratios. Total aliphatic hydrocarbon (n-alkanes + isoprenoids) concentrations were found in the range of 2.94 to114.7 mg.kg −1 dw with the total mean of 25.4 mg.kg-1 dw in the whole catchment. The significant concentrations of n-alkanes between n-C20 and n-C24 indicate the predominance of petrogenic origins at all stations. The CPI values range from 0.7 to 3, except the station C1S28 (CPI = 4.2). The CPI values were less than 1.6 at 70% of the stations which indicate the petrogenic nature of the aliphatic origins. Pr/Ph and LMW/HMW ratios ranged from 0.3 to 2.5 and 0.3 to 5.6 confirmed the petrogenic sources as the major origin of Aliphatics in urban runoff sediments. The ratios of n-C17/ Pr and n-C18/ Ph vary from 0.4 to 2.1 and 0.2 to 2.1, respectively which showed that petroleum contamination is mainly due to the degraded oil products with a lesser extent of fresh oil. Results revealed that the aliphatic hydrocarbons in the sediment samples were derived mainly from petrogenic sources such as leakage and spillage of fuels and petroleum derivatives with a relatively low contribution of biogenic sources. Vascular plants’ waxes and microbial activities are identified as the most important biogenic sources of the samples. The mean concentrations of total organic carbon were 13.3,12 and14.7 mg.g −1 dw in the sub-catchments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Pearson correlation test demonstrated a weak correlation between the concentrations of n-alkanes and TOC ( P > 0.05) with a correlation coefficient of less than 0.54 for all the sub-catchments.
Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination, 2015
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of priority pollutants, which are classified ... more Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of priority pollutants, which are classified as persistent hazardous contaminants. Herein, the adsorption of three PAHs, naphthalene (NAP), acenaphthylene (ACN), and phenanthrene (PHN), from wastewater onto NH 2 -SBA-15 organic–inorganic nanohybrid material as a function of pH of the media (2–10), sorbent dosage (0.5–3.5 g L −1 ), PAH concentration (1–18 mg g −1 ), and temperature (25–45 °C) were elucidated. The prepared adsorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractions, and thermogravimetric analysis. Among Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms models, it was found that the Langmuir model gave an excellent overall fit ( R 2 > 0.97). The maximum adsorption capacity of 1.92, 1.41, and 0.76 mg g −1 was obtained for NAP, ACN, and PHN, respectively. Adsorption kinetics of PAHs onto NH 2 -SBA-15 was in accordance with the pseudo-second-order model, providing evide...
Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2016
The analysis of aliphatic hydrocarbons, which are composed of n-alkanes as well as branched and c... more The analysis of aliphatic hydrocarbons, which are composed of n-alkanes as well as branched and cyclic alkanes, can be used to distinguish between the sources of hydrocarbon contamination. In this study, the concentration of aliphatic hydrocarbons, soil pH, and organic matter in agricultural soils located south of Tehran were monitored. Eighty-three soil samples were taken from two depth ranges of 0-30 and 30-60 cm. The results showed that aliphatic compounds ranged from 0.22-68.11 mg kg(-1) at the top to 0.33-53.18 mg kg(-1) at subsoil. The amount of hydrocarbons increases from the northern parts toward the south, and hydrocarbon pollutants originated from both petroleum and non-petroleum sources. Higher concentrations of aliphatic compounds in the southern parts indicated that, aside from the practice of irrigating with untreated wastewater, leakage from oil refinery storage tanks possibly contributed to soil pollution. The results also showed that several sources have polluted th...
The presence of organic chemical materials in surface water resources, besides having adverse eff... more The presence of organic chemical materials in surface water resources, besides having adverse effects on the consumer, reduces the desirability of aquatic fauna and even results in their complete annihilation. Determination of Diazinon residues in the Tajan River (TR) was traced in order to investigate the level of concentration of this pollutant from the agricultural activities around the river. This was accomplished by taking samples in 2008, starting in April at three-week intervals and continued up to October. After each sampling, the existing Diazinon concentration was determined in the laboratory using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) instrument. The largest Diazinon concentration was 47 micrograms per liter found in June and at the third sampling station. Analysis of the results confirmed that the Diazinon concentration of Tajan River increases with the beginning agricultural activities in specific fields covered with rice. This Diazinon concentration appeared throughout summer at different concentrations. According to the criteria recommended by EPA for Diazinon pollutants to protect the river ecosystem, with a one-hour average concentration of 0.17 µg/lit which is not exceeded more than once every three years (acute toxicity criteria), it can be concluded that Diazinon concentration in the Tajan river affected agricultural activities and increased the risk to the river ecosystem.
International Journal of Environmental Studies, 2000
... METHOD Two hundred twelve deep and semi-deep wells (mostly deep) were chosen for sampling; th... more ... METHOD Two hundred twelve deep and semi-deep wells (mostly deep) were chosen for sampling; the number and position of these wells across the province as well as the geological andhydro-geological characteristics of different places were considered. ... 50 mg/l 21% •HBi ...
International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2012
The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of anaerobic sequencing batch reacto... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (An-SBR)/moving bed sequencing batch biofilm reactor (MB-SBBR) for treatment of wastewater containing Acid Red 18 (AR18). Based on statistical analysis, COD removal rate and anaerobic biomass concentration were increased with increasing initial AR18 concentration, while the specific COD removal rate was not significantly different among An-SBRs. The results revealed that the decolorization followed first-order kinetics in An-SBR1 receiving AR18 with concentration of 100 mg l À1. However, in two other reactors with the initial dye concentration of 500 and 1000 mg l À1 , the dye was removed following two successive parts with two different reaction orders. The results showed that the dye decolorization rate increased with increasing its concentration in the feed solution. In MB-SBBRs, the ratio of attached-growth biofilm to suspended biomass concentration was increased gradually during the operation period. This ratio was measured 0.76, 0.70 and 0.51 in MB-SBBR1, 2 and 3 after three months of the reactors operation. Microscopic observations showed a large number of filamentous bacteria in the structure of attachedgrowth biofilm and suspended biomass in MB-SBBRs which speculated to be the reason for the different Sludge Volume Index (SVI) observed among these reactors.
Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 2012
ABSTRACT The performance of one stage anaerobic/aerobic processes for the biological treatment of... more ABSTRACT The performance of one stage anaerobic/aerobic processes for the biological treatment of synthetic wastewaters containing Acid Red 18 was studied. In addition, a method for evaluating dye mineralization using lumped parameters was investigated. The selected initial dye concentrations were 0, 35, 70, 140, and 280 mg/L, in reactors R1 ∼ R5, respectively. This study showed that average COD removal was not lower than 85% while the remaining COD originated from Acid Red 18 and its degradation products. The majority of the dye removal occurred in the anaerobic phases and the aerobic phase contributions were insignificant. The kinetics data of dye removal showed that the increase in initial dye concentration (35 ∼ 280 mg/L) caused a decrease in first-order kinetic rate constants (0.0593 ∼ 0.0384/h). The overall mineralization of AR 18 dye was at least 44, 35, 13, and 0% in R2 ∼ R5, respectively. Increase in initial dye concentrations had no significant effect on sludge characteristics.
The Anzali Wetland is one of the most important ecosystems in the north of Iran, and parts of it ... more The Anzali Wetland is one of the most important ecosystems in the north of Iran, and parts of it were registered as a Ramsar site in 1975. However, even though, due to many problems, including eutrophication produced by inflow of excess nutrients and organic materials, the wetland was also listed on the Montreux Record indicating the need to take urgent remedial action. This study was conducted to study the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and total mercury (THg) in two fish species (Esox lucius and Carassius auratus) as bio-indicators of the ecosystem condition in eastern part of Anzali Wetland. The sampling was carried out in six different periods between years 2009 and 2010. The results showed that the amounts of PCBs in the muscle of northern pike were below the detection limit of gas chromatography, whereas the average concentration in goldfish was 0.449 mg/kg wet weight. Some possible reasons for the higher levels of PCBs in goldfish in comparison with pike have been discussed. No significant (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) correlation was observed between PCBs and biological factors (weight, length, lipid content) for both species. On the other hand, the mean concentration of THg in the muscle of pike and goldfish were 182.22 and 75.27 ng/g dry weight, respectively. Although these concentrations were below US-EPA criterion for human consumption (0.3 mg/kg), it pointed up a significant deterioration of the ecosystem condition during the past years. Finally, statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between THg with weight and an insignificant correlation with length for pike specimens.
In this study analytical hierarchy process approach which uses expert's knowledge, was applied fo... more In this study analytical hierarchy process approach which uses expert's knowledge, was applied for selection of the best wastewater treatment alternative for electroplating workshops, located in Tehran province, Iran. This method can be applied for complicated multi-criteria decision making to obtain scientific and reasonable results. Four wastewater treatment alternatives including reverse osmosis, nano filtration, ion exchange, and chemical precipitation were evaluated and ranked based on economical, technical, environmental/ social aspects. Each criterion includes different indices such as land area, capital cost, sludge disposal issues, operating and maintenance, local suppliers and warranty, system flexibility, required skilled and non skilled man power safety, and etc. The results showed that reverse osmosis achieved the maximum general profits and can be the best choice. Sensitivity analysis can shows the effect of inputs parameters change on the results. Sensitivity analysis was applied for each criterion. The results illustrated that for economic and technical criterion, chemical precipitation and for environment criterion, reverse osmosis were qualified.
Breast Cancer (BC) is considered as one of the most important causes of death worldwide. Previous... more Breast Cancer (BC) is considered as one of the most important causes of death worldwide. Previous studies showed that apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) gene deletion significantly increased the risk of BC risk in Chinese and European women. The present study aimed to assess the possible impact of APOBEC3 deletion and the risk of BC in a sample of Iranian population. The APOBEC3 insertion/deletion (I/D) was analyzed in a case-control study including 262 BC patients and 217 healthy women. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to genotype the variant in APOBEC3 gene. The findings of this study showed that I/D as well as I/D+D/D genotype increased the risk of BC (OR= 1.57, 95% CI= 1.07-2.31, p= 0.025 and OR= 1.50, 95% CI= 1.03-2.19, p= 0.037, respectively) in comparison with I/I genotype. In conclusion, our findings suggest that APOBEC3 deletion polymorphism increased the risk of BC in an Iranian population in the southeast of Iran.
Gene, 2015
P53 as a tumor suppressor and an apoptosis modulator, is the regulator of the cell cycle and apop... more P53 as a tumor suppressor and an apoptosis modulator, is the regulator of the cell cycle and apoptosis, and contributes to mammary gland development and breast cancer (BC) progression. BTRC gene (Homo sapiens beta-transducing repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase) encoded protein, β-TrCP, is a novel regulator of p53. The current study aimed to assess the possible effects of TP53 IVS3 16bp (rs17878362) and β-TrCP 9bp (rs16405) INS/DEL polymorphisms on BC risk in an Iranian population. A total of 439 women including 236 BC patients and 203 healthy women were recruited. The TP53 and β-TrCP INS/DEL polymorphisms were genotyped by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction method. Our data demonstrated that the TP53 16-bp INS/DEL variation was associated with an increased risk of BC in codominant (INS/INS vs. OR=1.82; 95% CI=1.02-3.23; P=0.042) and dominant (Del/INS+INS/INS vs. OR=1.48; 95% CI=1.03-2.21; P=0.044) models. Additionally, the variant allele (INS) of TP53 DEL/INS polymorphism with a relatively higher frequency in cases than in controls (35.6 vs. 27.8) was a risk factor for BC (OR=1.43; 95% CI=1.06-1.93; P=0.017). With respect to β-TrCP INS/DEL polymorphism, our study failed to find any difference in allele and genotype distribution between BC patients and controls in codominant, dominant and recessive tested inheritance models (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;0.05). Furthermore, no significant association among the β-TrCP and TP53 genotype distribution and clinical characteristics of BC patients were found (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;0.05). Our findings suggest that the TP53 16-bp INS/INS and DEL/INS+INS/INS genotypes as well as the INS allele could be genetic factors related to BC risk.
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Papers by Seyed Hossein Hashemi