These eighteen original essays pay tribute to Morris Halle, Institute Professor of Linguistics an... more These eighteen original essays pay tribute to Morris Halle, Institute Professor of Linguistics and Philosophy at MIT. Halle's impact on the study of language has been enormous; he and his students represent a continuous and coherent tradition which is unique in modern linguistics. Although they range from poetry to phonetics, the contributions share the common method of formal phonological analysis which reflects Halle's own work. With the exception of Roman Jakobson, his teacher, all of the contributors are Morris Halle's PhD students.Contributors include Roman Jakobson, Samuel J. Keyser, Paul Kiparsky, Sanford A. Schane, Arnold M. Zwicky, James W. Harris, Stephen R. Anderson, Elisabeth Selkirk, William R. Leben, Shosuke Haraguchi, Mark Liberman, Janet Pierrehumbert, Alan S. Prince, John Goldsmith, Jill Carrier Duncan, Joan Mascaro, John J. McCarthy, Bruce Hayes, Rochelle Lieber, and Moira Yip.
The predictive value of rime spellings in English was compared directly to other types of regular... more The predictive value of rime spellings in English was compared directly to other types of regularities beyond the level of the single letter. A computer-assisted analysis of a list of twenty-four thousand written words, each paired with its corresponding pronunciation, reveals that only a small number of rime spellings are highly regular in their pronunciations. The conventional division of vowel letter pronunciations into short and long in closed and open written syllables is the most reliable key to English pronunciation. Our findings support the notion that English spelling is based at least in part on syllable structure. In addition, prefixes and suffixes provide very reliable clues to pronunciation, which suggests that their regularity should be exploited in the teaching of reading.
Introduction The need for long term longitudinal studies of attrition within individuals has long... more Introduction The need for long term longitudinal studies of attrition within individuals has long been recognized in attrition (Obler 1982; Weltens 1987). Such longitudinal studies allow insight into the cumulative effects of attrition on the linguistic features of the language involved. This chapter is devoted to one such study. The developmental attrition of L1 (Hebrew) in a young child placed in an L2 (English) dominant environment has been monitored longitudinally through naturalistic observations and systematic probes to study the effect of attrition on the lexicon, syntax, morphology, and phonology of L1. The present contribution highlights one aspect of this study – the disintegration and reconstruction of the L1 verbal system. The study is based on daily notes and bi-weekly recordings of primarily naturalistic observations as well as on occasional elicitation activities and probes designed to ascertain the child's competence in L1. The data were collected primarily in the home environment where the use of L1 dominated. The study focuses on instances of code mixing , where linguistic units (words, phrases, clauses) of one language are juxtaposed with units of another language within a single sentence (Sridhar & Sridhar 1980), and code blending , where morphemes from one language are combined with morphemes of another language within a single word while the phonological features of the respective source languages are retained (Kaufman & Sridhar 1986). Given that code blended words are necessarily of the child's own creation, it follows that code blending provides a window into the child's morphological competence (Aronoff 1983, 1976).
A representation is a remnant of previous experience that allows that experience to affect later ... more A representation is a remnant of previous experience that allows that experience to affect later behavior. This paper develops a metatheoretical view of representation and applies it to issues concerning representation in animals. To describe a representational system one must specify the following: the domain or range of situations in the represented world to which the system applies; the content or set of features encoded and preserved by the system; the code or transformational rules relating features of the representation to the corresponding features of the represented world; the medium, or the representation's physical instantiation; and the dynamics, or how the system changes with time. In part because of the behaviorist assumption that the hypothetical, covert changes occurring in an organism during learning correspond to the overt physical changes that are observed, issues of representation in animal behavior have been largely ignored as irrelevant or misleading. However, it can be inferred that representations, acting as models of environmental regularities, operate at many levels of behavioral functioning, both cognitive and noncognitive. Objections to the use of this concept in explanations of animal behavior, based on the claim that it is indeterminate and on behaviorist considerations of parsimony, can be answered. Animal representations may be specialized in terms of tasks and species. Data from tasks involving spatial memory, delayed matching-to-sample, and sequence learning suggest some foundations for a general theory of animal representations.
... MORPHOLOGY 369 ... A representative sample of work within lexical grammar, along with a fine ... more ... MORPHOLOGY 369 ... A representative sample of work within lexical grammar, along with a fine introduction, can be found in (41); (16) and (17) are also recommended. ... phrase. The frame may contain no information below or above the level of that dominating phrase (see 25, pp. ...
These eighteen original essays pay tribute to Morris Halle, Institute Professor of Linguistics an... more These eighteen original essays pay tribute to Morris Halle, Institute Professor of Linguistics and Philosophy at MIT. Halle's impact on the study of language has been enormous; he and his students represent a continuous and coherent tradition which is unique in modern linguistics. Although they range from poetry to phonetics, the contributions share the common method of formal phonological analysis which reflects Halle's own work. With the exception of Roman Jakobson, his teacher, all of the contributors are Morris Halle's PhD students.Contributors include Roman Jakobson, Samuel J. Keyser, Paul Kiparsky, Sanford A. Schane, Arnold M. Zwicky, James W. Harris, Stephen R. Anderson, Elisabeth Selkirk, William R. Leben, Shosuke Haraguchi, Mark Liberman, Janet Pierrehumbert, Alan S. Prince, John Goldsmith, Jill Carrier Duncan, Joan Mascaro, John J. McCarthy, Bruce Hayes, Rochelle Lieber, and Moira Yip.
The predictive value of rime spellings in English was compared directly to other types of regular... more The predictive value of rime spellings in English was compared directly to other types of regularities beyond the level of the single letter. A computer-assisted analysis of a list of twenty-four thousand written words, each paired with its corresponding pronunciation, reveals that only a small number of rime spellings are highly regular in their pronunciations. The conventional division of vowel letter pronunciations into short and long in closed and open written syllables is the most reliable key to English pronunciation. Our findings support the notion that English spelling is based at least in part on syllable structure. In addition, prefixes and suffixes provide very reliable clues to pronunciation, which suggests that their regularity should be exploited in the teaching of reading.
Introduction The need for long term longitudinal studies of attrition within individuals has long... more Introduction The need for long term longitudinal studies of attrition within individuals has long been recognized in attrition (Obler 1982; Weltens 1987). Such longitudinal studies allow insight into the cumulative effects of attrition on the linguistic features of the language involved. This chapter is devoted to one such study. The developmental attrition of L1 (Hebrew) in a young child placed in an L2 (English) dominant environment has been monitored longitudinally through naturalistic observations and systematic probes to study the effect of attrition on the lexicon, syntax, morphology, and phonology of L1. The present contribution highlights one aspect of this study – the disintegration and reconstruction of the L1 verbal system. The study is based on daily notes and bi-weekly recordings of primarily naturalistic observations as well as on occasional elicitation activities and probes designed to ascertain the child's competence in L1. The data were collected primarily in the home environment where the use of L1 dominated. The study focuses on instances of code mixing , where linguistic units (words, phrases, clauses) of one language are juxtaposed with units of another language within a single sentence (Sridhar & Sridhar 1980), and code blending , where morphemes from one language are combined with morphemes of another language within a single word while the phonological features of the respective source languages are retained (Kaufman & Sridhar 1986). Given that code blended words are necessarily of the child's own creation, it follows that code blending provides a window into the child's morphological competence (Aronoff 1983, 1976).
A representation is a remnant of previous experience that allows that experience to affect later ... more A representation is a remnant of previous experience that allows that experience to affect later behavior. This paper develops a metatheoretical view of representation and applies it to issues concerning representation in animals. To describe a representational system one must specify the following: the domain or range of situations in the represented world to which the system applies; the content or set of features encoded and preserved by the system; the code or transformational rules relating features of the representation to the corresponding features of the represented world; the medium, or the representation's physical instantiation; and the dynamics, or how the system changes with time. In part because of the behaviorist assumption that the hypothetical, covert changes occurring in an organism during learning correspond to the overt physical changes that are observed, issues of representation in animal behavior have been largely ignored as irrelevant or misleading. However, it can be inferred that representations, acting as models of environmental regularities, operate at many levels of behavioral functioning, both cognitive and noncognitive. Objections to the use of this concept in explanations of animal behavior, based on the claim that it is indeterminate and on behaviorist considerations of parsimony, can be answered. Animal representations may be specialized in terms of tasks and species. Data from tasks involving spatial memory, delayed matching-to-sample, and sequence learning suggest some foundations for a general theory of animal representations.
... MORPHOLOGY 369 ... A representative sample of work within lexical grammar, along with a fine ... more ... MORPHOLOGY 369 ... A representative sample of work within lexical grammar, along with a fine introduction, can be found in (41); (16) and (17) are also recommended. ... phrase. The frame may contain no information below or above the level of that dominating phrase (see 25, pp. ...
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Papers by Mark Aronoff